The Sapphires is a film based on the McCrae sisters, four Australian Aboriginal singers, and their journey to Vietnam to entertain American troops in 1968. In this paper we will use the film The Sapphires to critically discuss the work of Stuart Hall (1997), Aileen Moreton-Robinson (2015), and Judith Butler (2013) and see how these scholars might analyze its relationship to social identities and difference. In the ‘Spectacle of the Other,’ Hall presents the idea of the ‘other’ and the fear and anxiety it creates. While in ‘I Still Call Australia Home: Indigenous Belonging and Place in a White Post Colonizing Society,’ Moreton-Robinson argues that Anglo colonization continues suppress Aboriginals and dominate Australian institutions. In ‘For …show more content…
White Girls Only? Post feminism and the Politics of Inclusion’, Judith Butler argues that oppression and exclusion are inevitable as they strike even in scopes that push for social change. The main argument of the paper centers on the idea that the fear and anxiety in the Anglo population constructed by the foreign ‘other’ has strategically been used to suppress the narrative of Aboriginals in Australia. This is evident in The Sapphires through the impartial screen time the filmmakers dedicate to highlight the striking traumas and discrimination Aboriginal people faced. Furthermore, this paper argues that the film deceives its white Australian audience to believe that racial inequality in Australia is an issue of the past. Therefore, promoting the idea that the Australia does not privilege white people over Aboriginals because there are success stories like the one of the McCrae sisters. In ‘The Spectacle of the Other’ by Stuart Hall presents the idea of the ‘other’ and how it constructs fear and anxiety in the Anglo population. He starts off by saying that, “visual representation takes center stage in difference and that 'difference’ engages feelings, attitudes and emotions that mobilizes fears and anxieties in the viewer” (Hall 1997, p.226) In Hall’s third account, anthropological difference, du Gay 1997 (cited in Hall 1997) argues that culture is dependent on giving words meaning and assigning them to different positions within classification systems. These classification systems must have binary oppositions so that there is a clear difference marked between them. Hall states that people cannot tolerate a mixture of classifications, they must establish a clear difference between them. In The Sapphires there is a clear difference marked between white Australians and Aboriginals. The Aboriginals playing the role of the ‘other’. This need to establish one’s own identity through opposition of the ‘other’ brings comfort and a sense of security to the ones marking the difference. However, when “things turn up in the wrong category; or when things fail to fit any category,” society reacts as if order is disturbed and the ‘pureness’ is lost (Hall 1997, p.236). This matter of ‘out of place’ creates fear in people and makes them want to restore things to normal. This idea about not being able to tolerate mixture is presented in the film through cousin Kay. Cousin Kay unlike her cousins is a light skinned Aboriginal who carries two identities. Being mix raced child in the 1960s was dangerous in Australia. The fear Anglos had towards ‘things turn up in the wrong category’ lead to the kidnapping of many mixed children in the 1960s who ended up being ‘placed’ with a white family so that these children would not lose their pureness. Postcolonialism studies the aftermath of colonization and explores the hardships of the colonized and their lands. In ‘I Still Call Australia Home: Indigenous Belonging and Place in a White Post Colonizing Society’, Moreton-Robinson argues that Australia has not experienced post colonization because Anglos continue to establish control over Aboriginal areas and settle in them. “In Australia the colonials did not go home and ‘post-colonial remains based on whiteness. Indigenous and non-Indigenous people are situated in relation to (post)colonization in radically different ways-ways that cannot be made into sameness’ (Moreton-Robinson 2015, p.30) These enforced practices of acquiring full or partial control over Aboriginals are evident in ‘The Sapphires’. The scene where the filmmakers show the kidnapping of Kay serves as a perfect example. In this scene the audience sees how white Australians attack and exploit Aboriginal homes by stealing their light skinned children. It is evident that the Anglos had no respect for the land of the Aboriginals and that colonization was not dead. Furthermore, this Postcolonial Theory build helps us understand that Anglo dominance suppress the narrative of Aboriginals. Because the center of Australian society allows whites to have the dominance, Indigenous narratives are suppressed and creates a sense of ‘homelessness’ (Moreton-Robinson 2015, p.35) This suppression not only has made Aboriginals feel as not belonging but has also allowed others to define them. In the film The Sapphires, the filmmakers show Kay’s discrimination towards her cousins when she does not allow them into her apartment because her white friends are over. Even though Australia had already granted citizenship and the right to vote to Aboriginal people by then, Kay like many other white Australians continued to feel superior in relation to those of darker skin. Many times, people are foolish to believe that inequalities end when referendums are past, however this is rarely the case. Judith Butler in ‘For White Girls Only? Post feminism and the Politics of Inclusion’ backs this idea up by bringing to light the fact that women of color are shun in the post feminism movement today. In her analyzes, she states that ‘women of color are largely excluded from postfeminist discourses and representations; or, to put it another way, that the idealized postfeminist subject is a white, Western, heterosexual woman’ (Butler 2013, p.47) A movement that is supposed to empower women seems to also be bias. Clearly even though society strives to move forward- the kidnapping of children is now illegal and aboriginals can now vote—discrimination will always exist. As a result, oppression and exclusion cannot be reduced completely. After critically discussing how each scholar might analyze their concepts to social identities and difference in the movie The Sapphires, it is important to understand the relationship between all three arguments.
All three authors recognize that difference constructs discrimination. The concept of othering (Hall 1997) and Anglo dominance presented by Moreton-Robinson (2015) help understand Judith Butler’s findings as to why oppression and exclusion cannot be reduced completely. It is same fear of the ‘other’ and white dominance in Australia that keep Australian institutions from reaching integration and equality—film being one these institutions. The filmmakers of The Sapphires attempt to tell the Aboriginal narrative. The scenes mentioned in the previous paragraphs, educate a diverse audience about Aboriginal discrimination in Australia in the 1960s. However, even though the filmmakers reveal some truths of Aboriginal discrimination, they do it in a way which the Aboriginal narrative is suppressed and Anglo dominance is maintained. “The Sapphires” plot is not centered on Aboriginal discrimination, rather a story of how four Aboriginal girls learn about love and friendship. Aboriginal discrimination in the 1960s forms only a small part of the journey to entertain American Troops in Vietnam. By presenting a musical comedy-drama film, the filmmakers sugar coat Australia’s dark past. The movie also ends on a good note. Cousin Kay who at some point rejected her Aboriginal roots, overcomes her prejudice and gets more in touch with the Aboriginal culture by partaking in an Aboriginal ceremony. By the end of the film the audience barely recalls the discrimination scenes and only remembers a happy ending. This is dangerous, as the film deceives its white Australian audience to believe that racial inequality in Australia is an issue of the past not the present. Therefore, promoting the idea that the Australia does not continue to privilege white people over Aboriginals
because there are success stories like the McCrae sisters. To conclude, I have argued that while this is true that society has greatly improved, it is foolish to think that the effects of our past do not linger our present day. The filmmakers of The Sapphires demonstrate patterns that have created fear and anxiety in the Anglo population since the beginning of colonization. These negative feelings build upon by the foreign ‘other’ have been strategically used to suppress the narrative of Aboriginals and maintain Anglo dominance. Failing to report history without finding a way to suppress the truths of discrimination, the filmmakers of The Sapphires, deceive their Anglo audience to believe that racial inequality in Australia is an issue of the past. Nonetheless, feeding into the pattern of white dominance in Australian institutions. As long as films in Australia, like most institutions in Australia, continue to suppress the Aboriginal narrative, equality will not be reached.
The 2014 Walkley Award winning documentary, "Cronulla Riots: the day that shocked the nation" reveals to us a whole new side of Aussie culture. No more she’ll be right, no more fair go and sadly no more fair dinkum. The doco proved to all of us (or is it just me?) that the Australian identity isn’t really what we believe it to be. After viewing this documentary
In Australia the Aboriginals face discrimination daily. The film opened with four young Aboriginal girls singing on a makeshift stage facing their community. When the camera panned to show the smiling faces in the crowd it gave a feel of unity and love. Later it showed two sisters who were trying to hitch a ride into the city from the main road. Yet every vehicle passed them by; once they saw who they were, frustrated the older sister. Gale stated it was because they ‘were black’. When in the town playing their song on the stage in a bar, the youngest sister turned up and took
Good morning Mrs Dover and 8D. I have chosen to analyse the film clip “black fella, white fella” by the Warumpi band, and have determined that the song and associated images is partially successful in communicating aboriginal values, such as culture, land and family. The lyrics include the language features repetition, alliteration and rhetorical questions to deliver a message of reconciliation and equality. These features are also supported by visual imagery that is intended to support the ideas within the song.
Charles Perkins was an Australian Aboriginal Activist who experienced firsthand the poor living standards and treatment of Aboriginals as he lived in aboriginal reserve until 10 then in a boy’s home (Anon., 2013). He was a well know national fi...
Harrison’s Play ‘Rainbow’s End’ follows three brave Aboriginal women from different generations who fight for their right to be appreciated as the owners of the land and how each of them
The lines, “As I said, it might help if we … we can imagine it’s opposite” use perspective to put the non-indigenous Australians into the shoes of indigenous Australians, to help them explore and understand the possibilities of not belonging.
The idea that indigenous Australian communities are underprivileged and do not receive the same justice that the white community accrues is represented through Jay Swan and his interactions with the corrupt white police officers and the indigenous locals of the town. My empathetic response to the text as a whole was influenced directly by way the text constructs these ideas as well as my knowledge of the way indigenous Australians are represented in the mainstream media and the behaviour of the police force as an institution. These contextual factors and the way Sen has constructed ideas influenced me to empathise with the indigenous
Over the years Australia has had many different problems with racism and racism affecting peoples’ lives. Many racial groups have been affected, most significantly the Aboriginals. The end of world war two in 1945 marked a huge change in types of racism. Australia went from the ‘superior’ white Australians dominating over immigrants and aboriginals. To a relatively multicultural and accepting society that is present today.
According to conservative conflict theory, society is a struggle for dominance among competing social groups defined by class, race, and gender. Conflict occurs when groups compete over power and resources. (Tepperman, Albanese & Curtis 2012. pg. 167) The dominant group will exploit the minority by creating rules for success in their society, while denying the minority opportunities for such success, thereby ensuring that they continue to monopolize power and privilege. (Crossman.n.d) This paradigm was well presented throughout the film. The European settlers in Canada viewed the natives as obstacles in their quest of expansion by conquering resources and land. They feared that the aboriginal practices and beliefs will disrupt the cohesion of their own society. The Canadian government adopted the method of residential schools for aboriginal children for in an attempt to assimilate the future generations. The children were stripped of their native culture,...
As a result, both films represent Natives Americans under the point of view of non-Native directors. Despite the fact that they made use of the fabricated stereotypes in their illustrations of the indigenous people, their portrayal was revolutionary in its own times. Each of the films add in their own way a new approach to the representation of indigenous people, their stories unfold partly unlike. These differences make one look at the indigenous not only as one dimensional beings but as multifaceted beings, as Dunbar say, “they are just like us.” This is finally a sense of fairness and respect by the non-native populations to the Native Indians.
Reynolds, H. (1976). The Other Side of The Frontier: Aboriginal resistance to the European invasion of Australia. Queensland, Australia: James Cook University
Specific elements of the storyline that display the theme racism include: the display of animalistic treatment, enforced religious practices, and historical comparisons. The film reveals the overarching government belief that the white race is smarter and purer, to the inferior, uncivilized and misguided, darker-skinned, Aboriginals. This belief is demonstrated throughout the film and signifies the government’s attitudes toward the half-caste race as: uncivilized animals that need a trainer to discipline them. For example, the film shows the girls being transported like livestock to th...
I think the film effectively addresses the experience of Aboriginal women because it includes the analysis of different experiences of indigenous women. The film’s did a great job into revealing the struggles of what racialized, or even disadvantaged women in general have to face every day of their lives. Moreover, the interviews with the families of the missing women, gave a depressing and gloomy tone, yet an unfortunate and realistic scope of the torment of how it affects those who care about this issue. The film also did a good job at showing how this treatment towards indigenous women is something normalized or insignificant when it is covered by the
The assimilation policy was a policy that existed between the 1940’s and the 1970’s, and replaced that of protectionism. Its purpose was to have all persons of aboriginal blood and mixed blood living like ‘white’ Australians, this established practice of removing Aboriginal children (generally half-bloods) from their homes was to bring them up without their culture, and they were encouraged to forget their aboriginal heritage. Children were placed in institutions where they could be 'trained' to take their place in white society. During the time of assimilation Aboriginal people were to be educated for full citizenship, and have access to public education, housing and services. However, most commonly aboriginal people did not receive equal rights and opportunities, for example, their wages were usually less than that paid to the white workers and they often did not receive recognition for the roles they played in the defence of Australia and their contribution to the cattle industry. It wasn’t until the early 1960’s that expendi...
Throughout both ‘Rainbow’s End’ and ‘The Rabbits’, the audience discovers the plights that the Aboriginal Australians faced, due to discrimination and assimilation, in intensely confronting, yet intensely meaningful ways. We see how the discrimination and forced assimilation of cultures was common in the lead up to modern times because of composers like Harrison, Marsden and Tan reminding us of these events, allowing us to discover and rediscover our past wrongs through their works, in order to pave the way for a brighter, harmonious future. Without these documentations and retellings of events such as these, history would repeat itself, conflicts would be more apparent and we as a species would not be able to thrive and prosper due to our prejudices and superiority complexes.