an appropriate nickname of cisplatin due to its world widely use as the first and one of the most effective treatment for numerous cancer diagnoses. One important thing that must be point out is that cisplatin is a very simple inorganic molecule comparing to other cancer drugs which generally are complex organic molecules. In order to design and develop new related cancer drugs, cisplatin has been used as a gold model by many scientists. General information Cisplatin is a metal-based anticancer
The synthesis of cisplatin is very well established and is one of the most classic examples of synthesis in inorganic chemistry (figure 1). Dhara reported in 1970 “A rapid method for the synthesis of cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2].”8 The starting material, K2[PtCl4], is treated with excess of KI to be converted into K2[PtI4]. The product is subsequently treated with NH3 to obtain yellow colored cis-[PtI2(NH3)2] that is collected and dried. cis-[PtI2(NH3)2] is then dissolved in AgNO3 to precipitate out AgI that
and effective treatment, help... ... middle of paper ... ...optosis. Satraplatin, like Cisplatin and other analogues, also works by the formation of DNA adducts to inhibit cell replication and lead to Apoptosis. Satraplatin has demonstrated potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo against various tumor cell lines, including ovarian, cervical and lungs that are sensitive or resistant to cisplatin (8). Even though Satraplatin is still in the clinical phase and its full efficacy in its specific
Background Twist1 (class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 38) is a transcription factor, that promotes the stability of upstream regulation through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, during early development.5 The various functional properties of Twist1 were first discovered in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. This syndrome results from a mutation that causes Twist1 to lose its function, leading to coronal synostosis (cranium disfigurements) and impediments in mental capacity.6 Similarly, cancerous
Chemotherapy is the use of chemicals to cure cancer. Chemotherapy is also known as “chemo”. The term for chemo came from the German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich around the year 1900. He came up with the term when he was examining aniline dyes and arsenicals as possible treatments for diseases such as syphilis. He envisioned “magic bullets” that would be able to target invading organisms but still leave the host unscathed. This goal has been providing therapeutic benefits without many side effects
Lung cancer is considered to be the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. There are approximately about 180,000 cases that are diagnosed in America, considering that 90% dies thru lung cancer alone. Despite of its number, it is the most preventable of all the cancers. Like every cancer it spreads out fast if not taken seriously, this due the abnormal growth of cells. The abnormal cell growth often leads to the formation of tumor. This cancer is very common and very deadly. The following common
There are many different types of cancer that are actually deadly or that can be cured if found quick enough. The first cancer I have come across is a cancer of the stomach called gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This type of cancer spreads through the inner part of the stomach and begins to transpire if it is not caught in enough time. My mother actually passed away from this cancerous stromal tumor. The symptoms are loss of weight, loss of appetite, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain or discomfort
Introduction The underlying purpose of the experiments performed in the study, Promoter Hypermethylation of KLF4 Inactivates its Tumor Suppressor Function in Cervical Carcinogenesis, is to investigate the mechanism by which the KLF4 gene is silenced in cervical carcinomas. Cervical cancer accounts for 250,000 female deaths every year. Developing therapies for cervical cancer has been limited due to the lack of genetic and epigenetic data of the mechanism causing the cancer. The KLF4 gene is a
Treatment for skin cancer depends on the cell type cancer i.e nonmelanocytic skin cancer (NMSC) and malignant melanoma (MM), the depth or stage, the size and location of the disease and. In general, the goal of the treatment is to eradicate or remove the cancerous part. When cancer is removed during a biopsy, no more treatment is needed. However, in some cases, cancer may spread to other parts of the body which can make it hard to treat. Nonmelanocytic Skin Cancer and MM Treatment According to the
From herbalists during the prehistoric era to the modern-day medicine we have now, bio-medicine has always been a key science. The billions of microorganisms we are exposed to every day suggest that the possible event of contracting an illness is to be expected. Despite this, some illnesses can be treated with a small amount of acetaminophen, modern-day paracetamol. The fact that a possibly lifesaving compound exists in a small pill that can be easily obtained without prescription fascinates me.
Health Canada regulates major classes of science based products that is Drugs (Pharmaceutical), medical devices, pesticides, industrial chemicals, food, alcohol, first aid bandages, energy drinks, tetanus, vaccine, weed B Gon, cisplatin, insect repellant and many more. Most of the product whether it is Pharmaceutical, industrial chemical or pesticide or biotechnology product all of them possess some of the risk and are made from mixture of one another, following is the small example-
Cervical cancer malignant cancer of the cervix uteris or cervical area. It may present with vaginal bleeding but symptoms may be absent until the cancer is in its advanced stages, which has made cervical cancer the focus of intense screening efforts using the Pap smear. About 2.2 percent of women carry one of the 2 virus strains most likely to lead to cervical cancer. One of the symptoms of Cervical Cancer is very Unusual amount of discharge. Treatment consists of surgery in early stages and chemotherapy
Cell death restrains the superfluity of physiological processes such as embryogenesis, post-embryonic development (Penaloza et al, 2006) and tissue homeostasis and abrogating cell death provokes various diseases such as autoimmune diseases and cancers. (Galluzzi, Maiuri et al. 2007) In the long time of cell death related studies researcher have found dozens of methods to study the death related parameters but none of these method fulfill the requirement. NCCD (Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death)
Cervical cancer is the second foremost occurring cancer in women after breast cancer. Cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papillomavirus, or HPV. Infection by HPV typically occurs in the early years of sexual activity according to the World Health Organization (WHO), but it can take up to a full twenty years for it to develop into a full-blown malignant tumor. Scientists believe that for all intents and purposes all cervical cancer cases are caused by infection with
Written by Henry A. Spiller, John R. Hale, and Jelle Z. De Boer, the 7-page article, “The Delphic Oracle: A Multidisciplinary Defense of the Gaseous Vent Theory,” was originally published in the Journal of Toxicology in February 2002. The Journal of Toxicology’s audience is very professional as it is aimed primarily toward professional toxicologists or students who are pursuing a profession in toxicology. The article was then reprinted in our textbook, Writing in the Sciences 3rd Ed. by Penrose and
org/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/in-depth/cancer/art-20047517?pg=2 Gao, H.F., Liang, Y., Hou, N.N., Zhang, D.S., Wu, H.Y. (2014). Aprepitant plus palonosetron and dexamethasone for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy. 43(1), 73-76. http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=9398bc07-cbae-4a6e-b88e-34cacb77844c%40sessionmgr111&vid=9&hid=121
Human papillomavirus (HPV) a non-enveloped virus accounted as the most important causative agent of cervical cancer worldwide with more than 45,000 diagnosed cases annually (1). Even after establishment of encouraging vaccine platforms for it,s prevention due to shortages of this supplements the infection rate remained accelerating in developing country. Yet, more than 100 types of HPV distinguished by genetic analysis among them types 16 and 18 belonged to definite carcinogens group are responsible
The Clan of One-Breasted Women by Terry Tempest Williams In our current society it is established that faith is equated with a type of blind acceptance of all that the church or institution stands for. Having faith is still viewed as a wholesome characteristic, though it is more and more becoming correlated with negative connotation that is commonly attached to a thoughtless, dogmatic approach an absolute obedience of all tenets regardless of conscious thoughts and appeals. In a similar regard
The main lipids components of the cell membrane are the sphingolipids, cholesterol, and other phospholipids. The most predominant element of the sphingolipid molecule in the cell membrane is sphingomyelin, which is composed of a hydrophilic phosphorylcholine headgroup and a highly hydrophobic ceramide molecule. The ceramide group in sphingomyelin composed from amide ester of the sphingoid base D-erythro-sphingosine and a fatty acid of C16–C26 chain length. The lateral association of sphingolipids
Introduction (85-102) Pancreatic cancer is generally referred to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), and only account for 2% of cancer cases and 5% of cancer deaths in Australia; however, it is considered as one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate less than 5% and average survival of four to five mounts, due to its aggressive character. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced, irresectable stage, and the disease is highly resistant to standard therapy options