pancreatic cancer

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Introduction (85-102)
Pancreatic cancer is generally referred to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), and only account for 2% of cancer cases and 5% of cancer deaths in Australia; however, it is considered as one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate less than 5% and average survival of four to five mounts, due to its aggressive character. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced, irresectable stage, and the disease is highly resistant to standard therapy options, with high local recurrence rates. Therefore, health care providers should raise awareness about this deadly cancer. This clinical update will cover the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer focusing on the risk factors and pharmacological treatment of pancreatic cancer. (118)
Definition of pancreatic cancer (514-617)
Pancreatic cancer is a disease that malignant cells are found in the tissues of the pancreas, and it involves carcinomas of the head of the pancreas, hepatic pancreatic ampulla, the common bile duct, and the duodenum. Although tumours can develop from the both exocrine and endocrine tissues, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) is the commonest pancreatic cancer arising from the exocrine parenchyma in the duct of the pancrease and it occurs most frequently in the head of the pancreas. or the …,
There are two broad categories of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) that tumours develop from endocrine tissues is the least common, accounting for 5% of all diagnosed pancreatic cancer, and they have several subtypes which named by the hormone they produce. Adenocarcinomas that tumours arise from the exocrine parenchyma, is responsible for 95% of pancreatic cancer case...

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...itaxel, and recent studies show that patients treated with the combination of erlotinib, with gemcitabine produces a modest overall survival advantage of 7 days. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) would be another option, if the patient does not respond to gemcitabine. A combination chemotherapy regimen called folfirinox that consists of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin has found more effective than standard gemcitabine alone in increasing survival rate and delaying disease progression in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. However, the folfirinox is not suitable for all patients, and usually only given to patients who have a good performance status, i.e. very fit and well, because this combination can be difficult to tolerate, and has greater side effects than the standard therapy.
Table …lists the anti-cancer agents used for pancreatic cancer

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