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The features of a performance measurement system
The advantages and disadvantages of reinforcement and punishment
Rewards and punishments behaviors
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Managers can also control the turnover and absenteeism behaviour of employees not just by giving rewards but also by giving punishments. (Gibson, et. al., 2009). In contrast to rewards, part of the management practices is punishments; It occurs as a consequence of behaviour and the chance to decrease the behaviour to occur again. In addition to that it serves as a “stop sign” to stop or decrease the occurrence of a behaviour.(Plotnik & Doyle, 2006). According to Feldman (2005) punishment may be in the form of removing something pleasant like a teenager being grounded and part of the consequence is the removal of the teenager’s authority to use the family car. On the other hand it can be in the form of giving something unpleasant …show more content…
One disadvantage of punishment occurs when it is not given immediately after an undesirable action is taken or if the individual being punish leave the area in which punishment should be given An example given by Feldman(2005) is an employee who may quit after being lectured by his boss. Threat of punishment for unwanted behavior may be more effective than the actual use of punishment because it leads to anger and resentment which may affect communication and damage goodwill and personal initiative. (Mejia, L.R.G., Balkin, P.B., &Cardy, R.L. 2008) Punishment may have an immediate effect of correcting poor employee habits or behavior but also has the long term effects on employee’s behavior on the job which may damage the business. Assad & Media …show more content…
It involves strategies to obtain the customer feedback that will affect the decision making process. Moreover TQM includes exceeding the expectations of the customers through the use of effective design in your service or product. The product and service should also be simple to produce and user friendly. Aside from that it consist of designing an effective production process that will limit mistakes in the process. This will be done by determining where the mistakes occur and preventing it so that it will not occur next time. Furthermore the concept is that improving your system is not enough, you should find ways to improve it further. The company should also share the concept to its suppliers and
Incentive programs for employees can reduce or eliminate unsafe behaviors by providing employees incentives to avoid workplace accidents (Bernardin & Russell, 2013). This motivates them to practice safe behavior. Organizations can give employees rewards when goals are met. For example: every 30 days when no accidents occur the employees get an extra $20.00 on their paycheck, and the organization provides lunch for all employees.
There are several types of punishment that can be inflicted upon an offender including, fines, community sanctions and imprisonment (The Judicial Conference of Australia, 2007). Punishment is described as a sanction which inflicts a certain amount of pain and loss on the offender, used for payback and deter (The Judicial Conference of Australia, 2007; Carlsmith, Darley, & Robinson, 2002). There are three ways society justifies punishing offenders, through the
The reinforcement theory was of interest for a consideration as a tool in my current work environment and possibly be utilized as intervention of controlling the behaviors of employees. Since, I have observed the negative behavior of employees displayed due to varies unjust reasons that demotivate them to perform at an optimal level. Therefore, I believe implementing positive reinforcement to rebuild trust and to motivate employees by acknowledging a job well done, reward programs, and providing challenging task would encourage them and give them something to strive for to be higher achievers. In addition, all things mention and utilizing the reinforcement theory can reinforce the desired behavior in the workplace. Furthermore, I think that
TQM, or total quality management, is defined as "the process that involves everyone in an organization focusing on the customer to continually improve value". I do believe that all organizations should use TQM. It results in better quality products that result in better value, and these are the two aspects, in which customers look at in order to know if they want to buy the product. As long as organizations use TQM, they will always have products that customers are willing to buy.
For example, disciplinary punishment is used for reviewing our own actions by committing to personal change and training According to Foucault (1995), “The mechanics of training are to punish. Punish is to exercise because it produces a change and corrects an error” (180). The disciplinary power created a mechanism of control in institutions and can punish and reward in hierarchies. The penalties are used to normalize the behavior. For example, in school’s children are rewarded for their hard work and are disciplined. They are penalties when children do not do their homework. The students are able to learn from the penalties by completing all tasks on
It is effective in a way that children would know how to manage their own behavior to a certain situation, and they may know what is right and wrong. If ever the punishment has gone beyond discipline and turned out to violence, the child’s capability of doing the things that he/she does could be discriminated nor humiliated. The frequent use of punishment may disengage into acting younger. According to Lodhi & Siddiqui (2014), corporal punishment leave scars in the memories of children which are unforgettable and unhealed. The child’s development of anti-social behavior may possibly occur. Lowering of self-esteem can be a factor leading to a child’s perception that he/she is a bad person. Punishment involves a negative experience for the child that occurs after they have done a certain action, which the adult condemns. (Lodhi, M.S., & Siddiqui, J.A.,
penalty punishes them not for what they may or may not do in the future but what
Punishment may be used in lieu of many things. Usually when a punishment is given it is because an individual has violated a rule or law by not following the commands in which were put into place. According to The Free Dictionary, “Punishment is a penalty imposed for wrongdoing.” (thefreedictionary.com). If a child has committed an act that was disapproved by that child’s parent, their punishment may mean an early bedtime, no television, or not being able to go out to play. An adult, in their place of employment, may receive punishment a little differently. A punishment may be given if the individual violates company policies or procedure. The punishment may involve disciplinary action that may consist of a written warning, suspension, or even termination. When dealing with criminals, or alleged offenders, a punishment is given as a form of justice. The punishment may include a fine, penalty, or confinement. The punishment is usually given to fit the crime that was committed. If one has committed a crime, the result(s) of their punishment are endless.
too little or too much physical punishment that may increase the probability of aggressive behaviour in
This theory is applied from the law of effect in which assumes that while there is a tendency of repetition of behaviour followed by pleasant consequences, there is none for unpleasant consequences (Ghillyer 2011, p. 236). There are four different types of reinforcement methods. While avoidance or negative reinforcement assumes employee to avoid negative consequences, punishment tends to reprimand verbally towards undesired behaviour (Lussier 2008, p. 334). However, Commonwealth does not display these methods in their employee management. This might be due to their huge beliefs in positive reinforcement in contrast to negative reinforcement. The corporation believes that recognizing employee performance will be able to produce an advanced and a well-sustained rewards program (CBA,
In a classroom where the teacher either uses reinforcement or punishment efficiently, there is to see:
Discipline demands correct performance of duty. The need for discipline is best inculcated in individual by appealing to his sense of reason. In the few instances where appeal to reason fail, the use of punishment is effective in causing a recalcitrant individual to conform and perhaps appreciate the need for discipline. Condemnation and earned praise from senior to his subordinate, either individually or collectively, for tasks well done serve to strengthen the disciplinary bonds which bind together the smooth functioning team.
Lastly, punishment is defined as the opposite of reinforcement since it is designed to weaken or eliminate a response rather than increase it. Punishment can work either by directly applying an unpleasant stimulus after an undesired response or by removing a potentially rewarding stimulus.
According to David Garland, punishment is a legal process where violators of the criminal law are condemned and sanctioned with specified legal categories and procedures (Garland, 1990). There are different forms and types of punishment administered for various reasons and can either be a temporary or lifelong type of punishment. Punishment can be originated as a cause from parents or teachers with misbehaving children, in the workplace or from the judicial system in which crimes are committed against the law. The main aim of punishment is to demonstrate to the public, the victim and the offender that justice is to be done, to reduce criminal activities and to deter people from wanting to commit any form of crime against the law. In other words it is a tool used to eliminate the bad in society or to deter people from committing criminal activities.
For instance, parents need to feel in control and see their form of discipline is taking effect that exact moment. However, if adults focus on results rather than addressing the issue, they are ultimately setting their children up for failure. “Punishment usually stops misbehavior immediately, however, the long-term results are negative because we are often fooled by immediate results” (Nelson, 13). Furthermore, this could be the reason why punishment is so popular amongst parents because it’s almost immediate response to misbehavior and the authoritative power it holds. According to Nelson, punishment is used by adults because it’s easier, they know how to punish, or do not know what else to do. (22). As a society, people usually take the easiest alternative to accomplish a task but it may not always be the better, smarter, or more efficient alternative. Furthermore, when people do not know what to do, they stick to what they do know. However, parents need to think of the long-term consequences and take the time, effort and skills to use effective discipline. (22).