Is the relationship between the translator and translation technology collaboration or competition?
The relationship between translation and technology is a key question regarding the influence of translation in this profession. Now new technologies such as translation memories, collaborative translation management systems and data-based machine translation are influencing the very nature of the translation profession.
Roman Jakobson (1960) saw the poetic function of language, which I believe can still remain and co-exist with technology. It's not necessarily the technology itself which is the problem, it's how the translator uses it to his/her own advantage. In the following paragraphs I will describe what machine translation (MT) is so we can fully understand its function within translation.
Within MT, there exists a “shallow approach” of translation where there is no need to research into the deeper meaning of the text, and the translation is chosen simply by selecting matches based on statistical analysis. This approach is very effective, and quick to use, however there is always the risk of guessing the wrong option. The other approach is also known as “deep approach”, where the actual meaning of the word is localized, for example a translator can ask the original author what he/she meant exactly. Technically, the TM would carry out this investigation on its own, requiring the translation software to have a significant amount of Artificial Intelligence to do so. This method is still not fully functional or possible with MT.
Here lays the underlying problem with MT, which is that a machine cannot distinguish between complex ideas, or separate the words which represent entities, corporations, towns that are ofte...
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Maeve Olohan. (2011). Translators and translation technology: The dance of agency. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14781700.2011.589656#.UyxM4ah_tb0. Last accessed 21/03/14.
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Tina Paulsen Christensen & Anne Schjoldager . (2011). The Impact of Translation-Memory (TM) Technology on Cognitive Processes: Student-Translators' Retrospective Comments in an Online Questionnaire .Available: http://www.mt-archive.info/NLPSC-2011-Christensen.pdf. Last accessed 21/03/14.
The teacher will evaluate the students’ comprehension of the lesson through the participation of the students in the class discussion, the quality of student responses to the paired translation exercise, and from the homework of the remaining passages to translate which were not discussed in class.
As skopos theory (Reiss and Vermmer:1984) suggests, the translator is the key player in the process of intercultural communication and production of the translation because of the purpose of translation. In this case, “cultural awareness” of both languages is important, with which the translators can identify the specific cultural terms and concepts in the presence of the source text, and try to produce the most effective target text which echoes the original as much as possible. To arouse their “culture awareness”, translators should pay attention to the “cultural word”(Peter Newmark: 1988). According to Peter Newmark, there are some categories of cultural words:
In conclusion we can agree that the use of both foreignization and domestication should be used when translating a text and/or movie. We can see that the successful use of mashing both techniques can lead to an accurate translation.
The second type of transposition is used when the translator faces a problem of not finding a grammatical structure in the TL that is equivalent to the grammatical structure of the SL. An example of this type is the English “hand written” (noun= participle) which is translated into Arabic as "مكتوب باليد"
Here are a couple of assoications open to translators and interpreters lets review each one to see what best fits. The American Translators Association or ATA offers a vast amount of benefts to its members including the ATA online learning center that gives online access to help and tips. The ATA also offers new freelancers tips on how to start up a successful business. They offers webinars that help enhance ones skills and provides tips for career advances.
The term translation can be defined as the action of interpretation of the meaning of a text and production of an equivalent text that communicates the same message in another language. In other words it is the process of translating text or words from one language into another. According to Shuttleworth & Cowie: "One may talk of translation as a process or a product, and identify such sub-types as literary translation, technical translation, Subtitling and Machine Translation; moreover, while more typically it just refers to the transfer of written texts, the term sometimes also includes Interpreting". In this paper I am going to look at an Arabic novel which called Taxi by Khalid AL- Khamissi and its English translation and compare them by using the domestication and foreignization theory.
The Importance of the Brief for a Translator under the Framework of the Skopos Theory
In their book A Methodology for Translation, Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet condense countless translation methods and procedures to two methods which was divided into seven specific procedures.
This application allows users to type in a word in Iwaidja or English and have it be translated. It also allows users to add or correct words (FED, 2012). The application was described in an article as “a living, constantly developing repository and capture device for a language that is otherwise losing ground fast (FED, 2012). ” There is a WordMaker with a “wheel-based” interface that allows users to conjugate body parts and the ability to conjugate verbs is being developed for the next version of the app (The Ethnos Project, 2017).
The work of the translator stars with the reading of the ST: he has to study the lexicon, the grammatical structure, the communicative intention of the writer, and of course the cultural context in which is developed the ST, in order to identify the best translation strategy able to express the original intention.
It is said that the perfect translator is bilingual and bicultural. Of course, a perfect knowledge of target and source language is the aim of every translator, but it is rarely achieved in real life. I agree that a good command of the target language is of the essence, but saying that it is even more important than the knowledge of the source language is, in my opinion, an overstatement. During my studies and from what I’ve read during these years both are equally important. Having said that, it might be fundamental to highlight the fact that translating from L2 into L1 is preferable - not only from a linguistic point of view, but from a cultural-related point of view, or, even better, those cultural aspects that are related to the use of
Join the United States Of America Of America Of America Of America Translators Association. Through the ATA, you possibly may cause the way you appear, certification for tasks and community along with other translators. You'll additionally be in a scenario to produce a profile with their site which enables businesses to find tran...
Slocum, J. (1984). "Machine Translation: its History, Current Status and Future Prospects ", Siemens Communications Systems, Inc., Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his own language that goes to his heart.” ‒ Nelson Mandela. Since the 1960’s learning a second language has decreased by 30 percent in today’s society. People who wish to learn an additional language often do so to communicate with people who reside in different countries. With an increase in today’s globalization, it is forcing companies throughout the world to break the language barrier. However, with the advancement of technology, numerous citizens find it unnecessary to learn another language, as a translation is at the tip of their fingers. The methods of learning a foreign language can differentiate between people. Nevertheless it has been
Doubtlessly, good communication is imperative to successful business, mainly in Global Business. Nowadays, the global trade is strongly increasing and sometimes the companies need to hire an interpreter not just to ensure the success of their business deal but to send a message to their future partner that they respect the language differences and deal with this issue with professionalism. “Interpreters must not only have outstanding language skills, but must also be well versed in business terminology, understand their client 's trade and have an accurate grasp of technical terms in both languages” ( Arc Communications, 2015, para 1).