1. The Introduction:
The term translation can be defined as the action of interpretation of the meaning of a text and production of an equivalent text that communicates the same message in another language. In other words it is the process of translating text or words from one language into another. According to Shuttleworth & Cowie: "One may talk of translation as a process or a product, and identify such sub-types as literary translation, technical translation, Subtitling and Machine Translation; moreover, while more typically it just refers to the transfer of written texts, the term sometimes also includes Interpreting". In this paper I am going to look at an Arabic novel which called Taxi by Khalid AL- Khamissi and its English translation and compare them by using the domestication and foreignization theory.
2. The Theoretical Review:
I am going to use the Domestication and Foreignization theory. Domestication means when the translator is invisible and he makes the text closely conform to the culture of the language being translated to, while in Foreignization, the translator is visible and you can easily get that the text is a translation because he is retaining the information from the source text. Lawrence Venuti, is the one who introduced these strategies in 1995 in his book "The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation". He views foreignization as the ethical choice for translators to make and if he wants to avoid the cultural differences or clashes. Venuti states that "Domestication and foreignization deal with 'the question of how much a translation assimilates a foreign text to the translating language and culture, and how much it rather signals the differences of that text".
3. The Information a...
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...e target text might sound complex and unnatural like in number five, أنا حاسس اني ابن كلب for the Egyptian people it sounds natural and they use it in their daily life, but for the TT readers it might sound weird and unacceptable. Moreover, in example number six, ربنا على المفتري this sentence was translated into "God damn the merciless" and they are totally different from each others because in Arabic culture they don't accept the word damn, but in English they accept it.
In my opinion, the English translation is good and the translator in a way succeed in delivering the message to the target readers because in his translation we can find both domestication and foreignization which means that in some places the translators kept the culture of the source text, but in others he changed some words based on the culture of the target text.
The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is a powerful novel that often has the ability to appeal to the reader's emotions. Hosseini tells a tale of childhood friends, Amir and Hassan, who grow up in the same house but lead completely different lives due to their different backgrounds. Hassan faces many struggles due to his status as a Hazara, his cleft lip, and his absent mother. His best friend Amir is privileged in many ways because of Baba, his influential father, and his position as a Pashtun. To fully experience Hosseini’s powerful narrative, the reader must be able to grasp the way of life in Kabul by educating themselves about the significance of Hazara v Pashtun, and the importance of honor and loyalty.
Srinivasa Iyengar, you don’t. Iyengar says, “poetry, by nature, is untranslatable. [A] competent translator can, however, play the good broker between the poet and the reader... and give the intimations of the poet’s sovereign utterance.” But even this seems to suggest that at best, the translator is only a middleman, able to convey the subtleties of the poet’s original work, but not without noted differences. Famous poet Bysse Shelley calls translation of poetry “vain”, saying “it were as wise to cast a violet into a crucible that you might discover the formal principal of its color and odor, as seek to transfuse from one language to another the creations of a poet. The plant must spring again from its seed, or it will bear no
Some English words do not have corresponding words in most foreign languages so there are issues with exact translation. It may take more words to present the same message in a different language.
Rifa'a al-Tahtawi was one of the first Arab authors to introduce the ideas of the Enlightenment to the Arab audience via his native Egypt. Tahtawi’s own introduction to these ideas came when he was selected as part of one of Muhammad Ali’s university missions to France (we are of course referring to the governor of Egypt during the Ottoman Empire and not the boxer). Tahtawi was in France between 1826 and 1831, and out of this trip came his famous translation of La Marseillaise. Tahtawi’s translation is remarkable in that it highlights a very conscious and for the most part successful effort to avoid losing meaning through translation, and this is especially impressive when one considers
The interpretation of the new is a major factor which influences one’s travel through a journey and ultimately effects the outcome of it. Skrzyneki effectively demonstrates the interpretation of journey through the use of symbol title, and repetition in Ancestors, and Feliks Skrzynecki. Journey has also effectively been depicted in Kelley’s Language Barrier. The major theme of migration has successfully described journey, and the interpretation of it.
Julio Cortázar is a famous novelist from Argentina. He was born August 26, 1914 in Brussels, Belgium and died February 12, 1984 at the age of 70 years young. Otherness is the foundation of translation in almost every sense of the word. The translator must become the author's other, his Doppelganger, what Julio Cortázar called his paredros, using a Greek term for an old Egyptian concept of otherness. At the same time the translator must turn the author into another possibility of his own existence. The writer stays himself but is now writing in another language and therefore at least partially in another culture. Also, there will be more than one translation of a classic, meaning that even in its otherness the classic has other possibilities. Mandelbaum, Singleton, Sayers, and Ciardi are all partially Dante in that they are his others, yet they are not clones, not even identical twins, and usually not even close enough to be fraternal ones. Theirs is anotherness within the same language, different variations on the same theme as it were.
... of language and education is the most important in this story and society. The make use of two different languages in a narrative, provides a reader a perplexing yet fascinating image of characterization and customs. Multilingual story telling pushes the reader to decelerate and acquire supplemental focus on the expressions which are in the small fragments, however as soon as the reader has figured out the foreign words, he or she acquires a priceless picture of the theme of this story. The panorama of native words and phrases, cultural perceptions, and class dispute taken from the incorporation of two different languages are helpful for the reader to obtain significance that he or she couldn't gain if exclusively one language was employed in the story. Just as the power of language is applied to unveil a society, a better comprehension is provided to the reader.
"Araby" written by James Joyce is a short story about a young boy through his journey to adulthood. The story is in first person point of view. But it doesn’t give the impression that a boy is telling the story, instead the narrator gives a sense of being an adult. In his journey the boy falls in love with his friend's older sister and tries to impress her by going to a bazaar and buying her a gift. This will be the main plot of the short story. The author presents the setting and characters by using an extensive use of figurative language like imagery, symbolisms and metaphors through the essay. Figurative language is effectively use to help the readers imagine the feelings and situations of the characters. Joyce used of figurative language in the short story is to created a dramatic, vivid and interesting imagery than just using literal language.
In this essay, I have compared the different types of language choices and how they conveyed their two similar plots but extremely different respective themes.
Gideon Toury worked with Israeli scholar Itamar Even-Zohar, the man behind the polysystem; “a system of various systems which intersect with each other and partly overlap, using concurrently different options, yet functioning as one structured whole, whose members are interdependent” (Munday, 2016, p. 174). Toury also saw translation to have a position both in social and literary systems of the target culture, and developed the polysystem theory further, and presented his three-phase methodology for the branch of descriptive translation studies, an empirical branch of translation studies (ibid.). With this method, the description of the translation and its wider role in the sociocultural system is incorporated (ibid.). First, “situate the text within the target culture system, looking at its significance or acceptability” (Munday, 2016, p. 175). Then, “undertake a textual analysis of the ST and the TT to identify relationships between corresponding segments in the two texts” (ibid.), called “coupled pairs” by Toury. Now,
This book mainly focus on the relationship between translation and culture. It addresses the shift of focus from translated block of text to the binding of translations and the cultures involved in generating these translations. It also covers the significance of translation for cultural planning.
The task of the translator is to compose an analogous text in another language, and the translator is therefore not firstly a writer and then a reader, but firstly a reader who becomes a writer. As Paz states, “the original poem comes to exist inside another poem: less a copy than transmutation”(bassnett & Lefevere, 1998, p. 66)
...eded. I wish I could take this class more early. When I saw the responses from classmates, the responses were very different because the experience of each classmate is different. Now, I realize how diverse the customers would be. Even though most of the customers were from United States, I am not from United States. I could not understand what they need in first place. I have seen some ads example showing how simply translating words is not enough. Pepsi Cola’s “Come Alive With Pepsi” campaign when it was translated for the Taiwanese market, conveyed the unsetting news that, “Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the grave.” This shows that deeper understanding of the other culture is necessary to translate meaning effectively. In short, cross cultural communication is relatively important for me when I want to do business international or domestically.
In the late 1970s, the focus of translation studies shifted to the process of translation as well as the receivers. Hans Vermeer is the founder of Skopos theory. As the Greek word skopos indicates, this theory stresses that translati...
If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his own language that goes to his heart.” ‒ Nelson Mandela. Since the 1960’s learning a second language has decreased by 30 percent in today’s society. People who wish to learn an additional language often do so to communicate with people who reside in different countries. With an increase in today’s globalization, it is forcing companies throughout the world to break the language barrier. However, with the advancement of technology, numerous citizens find it unnecessary to learn another language, as a translation is at the tip of their fingers. The methods of learning a foreign language can differentiate between people. Nevertheless it has been