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Compare and contrast iphone and android
Iphone vs android
Comparing and contrasting iphones and android
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As technology advances, Indigenous advocates are racing against time and using all their resources to save Indigenous languages from becoming extinct (Galla, 2016). Technology is a tool being used to help revitalize the dying Indigenous language and knowledge. Although these efforts are being made, the language is not free from linguistic, social, cultural, economic and environmental factors affecting it (Galla, 2016). A news article described smartphone applications as holding “the key to protecting endangered Indigenous languages (FED, 2012).” The Minjilang Endangered Languages Publication Project’s initiative, Ma!iwaidja, is an interactive dictionary and phrase book application for smartphones that aims at preserving and protecting what …show more content…
This application allows users to type in a word in Iwaidja or English and have it be translated. It also allows users to add or correct words (FED, 2012). The application was described in an article as “a living, constantly developing repository and capture device for a language that is otherwise losing ground fast (FED, 2012).” There is a WordMaker with a “wheel-based” interface that allows users to conjugate body parts and the ability to conjugate verbs is being developed for the next version of the app (The Ethnos Project, 2017). Lastly, a distinctive feature of the application is an information section on other endangered languages in Arnhem Land and an introduction to the sounds of Iwaidja language (The Ethnos Project, 2017). The functions of the applications allow a smooth interaction between Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals using the application. The application can be used by the Indigenous youth who are still learning the language and by researchers who are trying to find other ways to help this language from becoming extinct. The information section provides a view into other endangered languages and the culture they derive from, making this app a resource for Indigenous communities to share their …show more content…
Technology use seems to be universal, but access and capacity to use it create disparities between Indigenous communities. Language learning applications speak to one of the advantages of having access to a cellular device since portability grants access to social interactivity and individuality (Park, 2011). Even if language apps do not particularly “save” languages, they are still assisting with the reinforcement of the language and facilitating the learning process. Although using technology may be leaving the older generations behind, the youth are the future of the Indigenous languages (Galla, 2016). Ma!iwaidja is available on both iOS and Android platforms to make it more available for both device type users. Other efforts regarding increasing access to technology in Indigenous communities will continue the expansion of language applications on devices. Also, Indigenous language learning applications like Ma!iwaidja should be brought to the attention of more non-Indigenous people to share the Aboriginal goal of saving the languages. Another advantage to having this application is that the Iwaidja culture will continue to be studied, learned, and passed down in the newer generations. The goal to further, share, and protect Indigenous knowledge and traditions will be possible with applications that adapt to each user’s
It is interesting for Lisa Kanae to use three different voices in her book, Sista Tongue. The structure of Sista Tongue is different from standard books as if to make her words flow and become active. Her message still holds truth in today’s society. In many homes, younger generations face the inadequacy of being unable to understand their mother tongues while their parents struggle with learning English. Code-switching is natural for bilingual people and those that speak to other sub-cultures. Lisa Kanae’s different voices are similar to
As a long-term resident and self- proclaimed “avid tourist of the island”, Mooney has had the opportunity to observe the regional dialects first-hand. This exposure reinforces the credibility of her ethos.
Wigglesworth, G., Simpson, J., Loakes, D. (2011). NAPLAN language assessments for Indigenous children in remote communities: Issues and problems. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 34(3), 320-343.
There are two forms of languages; public and private. The "private" language only spoken with family and close intimate relationships. The "public" language used in society, work, and school. Both of these help form two identities, that help us connect and communicate with one another. In the essay “Mother Tongue” by Amy Tan and also in the article “Speech Communities” by Paul Roberts ,we will see how both private and public language demonstrate how we view, and grow from each language.
“Mother Tongue” is an essay that show the power of language and how Amy Tan uses the many forms of English and the different ways in which the language she knew impacted her life. I feel connected to Tan’s essay because I also come from a multilingual home. I have smart emigrant parents who are educated, but even though they are educated they still need my help with communicating with people occasionally. I believe the most important idea in Tan’s “Mother Tongue” is the limitation that an imperfect English can cause in a society and the richness that such English can bring to
In this day and age, and with every passing day, there are numerous languages succumbing to extinction, falling into disuse and anonymity; being forever lost to the winds of time. But as they say, "Every cloud has its silver lining," the silver lining in this case is the increase and rise in awareness and efforts being undertaken to preserve, revitalize, and revive these languages that are not yet lost to us. Something that is revitalized is defined as "being given new life or vigor to," and should we abide by this definition, it is pleasing to see that numerous fit in this criterion; the criteria of being revitalized. This is a report on the Navajo language. This report will explore how the Navajo language, once a prosperous language with thousands of speakers fell into decline and the efforts that are currently being undertaken to revitalize the language. The language is spoken by the Navajo tribe a tribe of approximately 300,048 people, 170,000+ of whom speak Navajo, who are located in the Northeastern part of Arizona, the Northwestern part of New Mexico, and the Southeastern part Utah, all of whom are located in the USA. The years covered span from the decline of the language in the 1850's to our current time. The scope of the enquiry will range from the history of the Navajo, to the decline of the language, the efforts undertaken to revitalize the language, and its current usage. The thesis of this report is that an endangered language can be revitalized. The conclusion will therefore be that yes, an endangered language, one such as Navajo can be revitalized.
The importance of the acknowledgement between land, language and Aboriginal identity (NSW BOS 2003, p.6) can be seen through past historical events and present Government policies. Keeffe (1992) suggests belonging to the land and possessing cultural traits unifies the Aboriginal people on a whole, language being a major factor in maintaining their cultural identity. Keeffe (1992) found that Aboriginal language is treasured, due to the opinion it was stolen but in a variety of ways identified as being both examples of persistence and resistance, was reclaimed. Language is symbolic of the hardship and strength of the Aboriginal people and culture. The inclusion of AE, within the context of learning languages, improves mental functions due to the concentration on systems and patterns found in linguistics. Therefore AE, with justification on numerous accounts, has been included in government and education policies and programming such as the creation of the AETP (NSW DET 2008) and Working with Aboriginal communities’ consultation and protocol document (NSW BOS
The indigenous Australian culture is one of the world’s oldest living cultures. Despite the negligence and the misunderstanding from the Europeans, Aboriginals were able to keep their culture alive by passing their knowledge by arts, rituals, performances and stories from one generation to another. Each tribe has its own language and way of using certain tools; however the sharing of knowledge with other tribes helps them survive with a bit easier with the usage of efficient yet primitive tools which helps a culture stay alive. Speaking and teaching the language as well as the protection of sacred sites and objects helps the culture stay...
Tan, Amy. “Mother Tongue." 50 Essays: A Portable Anthology. 4th Edition. Ed. Samuel Cohen. Boston/New York: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. 417-23. Print.
To the indigenous community, country and story creates a strong cultural identity and is the starting point to their education. The second outcome; connected with and contribute to their world, is shown through the experience and learning of the indigenous culture and the history of the country and land they live in. Outcome three; strong sense of wellbeing is shown through enhancing indigenous children’s wellbeing socially, culturally, mentally and emotionally through learning about their heritage, country and history through the stories passed down through generations and gaining a sense of belonging and self identity. Both outcome four and five; confident and involved learners and effective communicators are important as they show a unity and understanding between the indigenous culture through learning about the country and stories together about the indigenous
...rles D. Fennig(eds). 2014. Ethnology: Languages of the world, Seventeenth edition. http://www.ethnologue.com/endangered-languages . Downloaded on the 4 May 2014
Be that as it may, the smartphone changes our culture and our life as a whole which causes an impact on the older generation and the younger generation. As smartphone improves our communication and interaction with our friends, our families and relatives, or other peoples around the world, the smartphone creates disconnection, and degrades the social interaction around themselves. Although there are advantages and disadvantages of the smartphone that impact our culture, the smartphone improves our communication with other people. It is possible that “many of our cultures values will continue to change as our society becomes more dependent on technology.” (Zackary, 2015) To conclude, the communication technology such as smartphone indeed affects our culture as a whole in many
Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., & McDaniel, E. R. (2009). Communication between cultures. Auckland: Cengage Learning.
Indigenous Knowledge (IK) can be broadly defined as the knowledge and skills that an indigenous (local) community accumulates over generations of living in a particular environment. IK is unique to given cultures, localities and societies and is acquired through daily experience. It is embedded in community practices, institutions, relationships and rituals. Because IK is based on, and is deeply embedded in local experience and historic reality, it is therefore unique to that specific culture; it also plays an important role in defining the identity of the community. Similarly, since IK has developed over the centuries of experimentation on how to adapt to local conditions. That is Indigenous ways of knowing informs their ways of being. Accordingly IK is integrated and driven from multiple sources; traditional teachings, empirical observations and revelations handed down generations. Under IK, language, gestures and cultural codes are in harmony. Similarly, language, symbols and family structure are interrelated. For example, First Nation had a
Empowerment of Culture: The technological arena has empowered the indigenous culture as it allows self representation and information sharing on a whole new level. Technology has provided a voice to endangered cultures.