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The causes of endangered language
Native american influence on america
An academic essay about endangered languages
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In this day and age, and with every passing day, there are numerous languages succumbing to extinction, falling into disuse and anonymity; being forever lost to the winds of time. But as they say, "Every cloud has its silver lining," the silver lining in this case is the increase and rise in awareness and efforts being undertaken to preserve, revitalize, and revive these languages that are not yet lost to us. Something that is revitalized is defined as "being given new life or vigor to," and should we abide by this definition, it is pleasing to see that numerous fit in this criterion; the criteria of being revitalized. This is a report on the Navajo language. This report will explore how the Navajo language, once a prosperous language with thousands of speakers fell into decline and the efforts that are currently being undertaken to revitalize the language. The language is spoken by the Navajo tribe a tribe of approximately 300,048 people, 170,000+ of whom speak Navajo, who are located in the Northeastern part of Arizona, the Northwestern part of New Mexico, and the Southeastern part Utah, all of whom are located in the USA. The years covered span from the decline of the language in the 1850's to our current time. The scope of the enquiry will range from the history of the Navajo, to the decline of the language, the efforts undertaken to revitalize the language, and its current usage. The thesis of this report is that an endangered language can be revitalized. The conclusion will therefore be that yes, an endangered language, one such as Navajo can be revitalized. The Navajo tribe is one of the largest Native American tribes in the United States. Originally from Canada, and descending from the Athabaskan tribes, they migrate... ... middle of paper ... ... "NAVAJO." Austin Business Computers, Inc. Home Page. Navajo Tourism Department, 15 May 1999. Web. 12 Oct. 2011. . "The Navajo People." Oracle ThinkQuest. Library Think Quest. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. . "The Return of Navajo Boy." The Return of Navajo Boy. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . Ruelas, Richard. "Navajo Film Reaches across Cultural Lines." Arizona Local News - Phoenix Arizona News - Phoenix Breaking News - Azcentral.com. The Arizona Republic, 08 Sept. 2007. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. . "UCLA Language Materials Project: Language Profile." UCLA Language Materials Project: Main. UCLA. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. .
The children, who spoke only Navajo, were not allowed to speak any Navajo at all, only english. If they were caught speaking any Navajo they were punished.
As Din4 people (Navajo people) our community is known as “The home Chief Manuelito’s Wife”. Chief Manuelito was a head Dine chief during the Long Walk period in 1864. In the year of 1868 Manuelito and other leaders signed a treaty act to end the period of imprisonment. Also, during this time the Navajo reservations were established. Tohatchi was one of the many communities that were established on the Navajo reservation. The Navajo reservation spreads across New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah. The Navajo Nation is known for being the largest tribe (Discovernavajo 2015). Tohatchi is located in McKinley County.
During his stop at the trading post he asks a local Native American what life will be like on the reservation for the next 30 days, and what could he expect? Morgan was told he would see a lot of poverty; the local went on to say the some of the Navajo people are without...
The Dineh or Navajo culture, presently living in Arizona, are the largest group of Native Americans who practice dry painting. The Navajo culture focuses on different Gods or Holy spirits representing animate or inanimate objects. Therefore, evil spirits exist as well. Every unfortunate situation can be linked to the Gods causing rituals to be performed for various ailments. A crucial element in the rituals is the creation of dry paintings.
The story Navajo Lessons conveys the theme that “It is important to learn and appreciate your heritage.” This story is about a girl, Celine, and her brother that visit her grandmother on the Navajo reservation in Arizona. Celine arrives at a place in the middle of nowhere at her grandmother’s house and is not excited because she had better plans for the summer. Her family is encouraging her to deal with it and make something good out of it. Over time, Celine learns that this trip was worth it because she realized that it is important to learn and appreciate your heritage. Celine learned this in many ways, one of them being that she wanted to learn and listen to the stories that her grandmother was telling.
Sioux as told through John G. Neihardt, an Indian boy then a warrior, and Holy Man
Wheelwright, M. (1942). Navajo Creation Myth. Navajo Religion Series, Vol. 1. Santa Fe: Museum of Navajo Ceremonial Art.
John Farella. The Main Stalk: A synthesis of Navajo Philosophy. Navajo Religion. (Tuschon: University of Arizona Press, 1984)
People have been living in America for countless years, even before Europeans had discovered and populated it. These people, named Native Americans or American Indians, have a unique and singular culture and lifestyle unlike any other. Native Americans were divided into several groups or tribes. Each one tribe developed an own language, housing, clothing, and other cultural aspects. As we take a look into their society’s customs we can learn additional information about the lives of these indigenous people of the United States.
Around the world there are groups of people who refer to themselves, or we refer them, as indigenous people. Indigenous people are “originating in and characteristics of a particular region or country; native.” (Dictionary.com) Sometimes they are referred to as Native Americans. One tribe that has been around for many years is the Chippewa tribe there are approximately 150 tribes or bands. They call themselves the “first man” or the “original” man, also known as Anishinabe, in the Chippewa language. The Chippewa tribe originated in North America, mainly in the United States, however, over time they have ended up in parts of Canada as well as the United States.
Across Canada and the United States there are many First Nations languages which are a part of the Algonquian language family, all of which with varying states of health. Although these languages share many characteristics of the Algonquian language family, the cultures, systems of beliefs, and geographic location of their respective Nations differentiate them. In being shaped by the landscape, cultures, and spirituality of the First Nations, the language brings the speakers closer to their land and traditions while reaffirming their identity as First Peoples. Using the Blackfoot Nation to further explore this concept, this paper will show that while language threads together First Nations culture, spirituality, traditions and land, as well as their identity, each of these essential components also maintain and revitalize the language.
When a counselor wants to provide services to Native American populations, they first need to know some facts about the population. According to Harper 2011, the are 550 federally reconized tribes in the United States. These 550 tribes represent over 200 different languages. When...
Before establishing the political structure that spoke for the entire Navajo community, a smaller political structure existed among different independent groups of Navajos. “In summary: no centralized authority existed among the Navaho. The political unit was the natural community, environmentally defined” (Hill 28). Since most disputes and conflicts “were locally their own” (Hill 23), a political system was not developed until “oil was discovered on the reservation and the federal government needed an official body of Navajos to approve the oil leases” (O’Neil). In 1922, the United States government established the Navajo Business Council, the first political structure that spoke for every single Navajo person. Before this modern political structure, a smaller structure existed among different independent communities of Navajo people. “Community leadership was vested in one or more individuals whose duties involved the direction of domestic affairs and warfare” (Hill 24). The war leaders were in control of defense operations and were chosen completely “upon ritual attainment” (Hill 24). These leader...
The Web. 28 Nov. 2014. Lewelling, Vickie W., Washington, DC. ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics. Official English Plus: An Update!
This paper aims at reviewing available historical sources on spiritual tribal traditions among the descendants of the Navajo tribe and the role they still play in contemporary times. The "Navajo Nation", constitutes the second largest tribe of Native Americans in North America. The tribe lives in the southwestern United States (Monsen 2008). More than 200,000 Navajos live on the 24,000 square miles of the Navajo Nation (Birchfield 2000). The Navajos' call themselves “Diné”, which means "the people." In 1969 the Navajo Tribal Council officially designated the nation the "Navajo Nation." (Birchfield 2000). Linguistically, they belong to the Athapaskan language family,