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Job satisfaction from an employee perspective
Significant of job satisfaction in business management
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Introduction Job satisfaction has been gaining attention from both researchers and managers, especially due to the contemporary proliferation of the idea recognising the significance of people in terms of achieving competitive advantage and sustainability in organisations. The purpose of the essay is to review factors influencing job satisfaction and consequences attributing to job satisfaction after reviewing some understanding of the meaning of the term and the reasons why job satisfaction is widely studied. Literature Review The meaning of job satisfaction and the attractiveness for studies It is relevant that the meaning of job satisfaction is reviewed. The definition of job satisfaction can be simply the extent to which employees like their work (Agho et al. 1993, p. 1007). Another definition, emphasising the term “job satisfaction” that includes both positive and negative sides, refers to the extent to which employees like or dislike their jobs (Spector, 1997, p. 2). In this case, the term “job satisfaction” includes “job satisfaction” which is defined as pleasurable emotional state as the result of considering the job contributing to one’s job values, and “job dissatisfaction” referring to unpleasurable emotional state due to negative appraisal of the jobs ( Locke, 1969, p. 316). Importantly, according to Spector (1997, p. 2), job satisfaction is related to people’s feeling about both their jobs as a whole and different aspects of their jobs. However, it is noteworthy that operational definitions measuring overall job satisfaction depending on the measurement of different aspects of jobs are inappropriate (Wanous & Lawlers, 1972). Job satisfaction is among job attitudes and regarded as the focal one (Saari & Judge, 2... ... middle of paper ... ...and management implications’, Human Resource Planning, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 141-149 Seashore, S. E. & Taber, T. D. 1975, ‘Job satisfaction and their correlates’, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 333-368 Spector, P. E. 1997, Job satisfaction: application, assessment, causes and consequences, Sage Publications, Inc, California Spencer, D. G. & Steers, R. M. 1981, ‘Performance as a moderator of the job satisfaction-turnover relationship’, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 511-514 Tett, R. P. & Meyer, J. P. 1993, ‘Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta-analytic findings’, Personnel Psychology, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 259-293 Wanous, J. P. & Lawlers, E. E. III, 1972, ‘Measurement and meaning of job satisfaction’, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 95-105
Schleicher, D. J., Watt, J. D., & Greguras, G. J. (2004). Reexamining the job satisfaction-performance relationship: The complexity of attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(1), 165-177. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.165
...990) "Work motivation and satisfaction: Light at the end of the tunnel", Psychological science, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 240-246.
Staw, B. M. (1980, October). The consequences of turnover. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 1(4), 253-273. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3000143
Pardee, R. L. (1990). Motivation Theories of Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor & McClelland. A Literature Review of Selected Theories Dealing with Job Satisfaction and Motivation.
Different facets of organizational behavior were addressed in the three articles reviewed for this project. Pay Satisfaction, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intent by Parbudyal Singh and Natasha Loncar examines the relationship between employee position and salary satisfaction and job turnover. The 4 Rs of Motivation by Michael Maccoby suggests a formula from which leaders should pull to motivate subordinates, and Relations Between Leader-Subordinate Personality Similarity and Job Attitudes by Lior Oren, Aharon Tziner, Gil Sharoni, Iafit Amor, and Pini Alon examines the effect the relationship between leaders and subordinates has upon job satisfaction.
This theory implicates a logical illustration that if the nature of a job sufficed and met the five core characteristics, the employee would feel a sense of fulfillment that would result in excellent work performance (Armstrong, 2017). The job design prefigures the significant relationship of the five core dimensions as to how a worker perceives the three vital psychological states – meaningfulness of work, responsibility and knowledge of outcomes – that would eventually contribute to a sense of general job satisfaction, personal growth, increased motivation and effectiveness of work (DeVaro, Li, Brookshire, 2007). There is a dynamic suggestion in JCM that acclaims the correlation of positive feelings with an excellent performance, and negative feelings with poor performance (Mukul, Rayhan, Hoque, & Islam,
Turnover is directly correlated with job dissatisfaction because the more unsatisfied an employee feels with their job, the higher the turnover overall.
Job satisfaction is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences. It has been treated both as a general attitude and satisfaction with five specific dimensions of the job: pay, the work itself, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers. Challenging work, valued rewards, opportunities for advancement, competent supervision, and supportive coworkers are dimensions of the job that can lead to satisfaction (Nelson & Quick, 2013, pg. 58-59).
Based off of the gratification an individual contains towards their work is job satisfaction. The productivity could either be positive or negative while the relationship between the productivity and satisfaction may not be consistent. There are multiple internal and external factors of job satisfaction that can impact the behavior of an employee and engagement over time. The way the worker’s attitude concerning their field effects the performance they perform on a daily basis. One who is satisfied with the job they maintain, succeed at what they do. “It is therefore imperative for a company to understand the attitude of its workers and measure the job satisfaction of its employees, as job satisfaction is essential for productivity” (L. Bradshaw
In many organisations, managers and bosses have found it a struggle implementing successful strategies to improve job satisfaction and productivity among its employees. While dealing with unproductive, unmotivated and unsatisfied employees, there is an increased risk for turnover, which can be prevented. The risk of high turnover is a problem to workplaces as turnover has been proven to ‘take its toll’ on productivity as it disrupts current projects and increases workloads for other employees. It also has a negative impact on team cohesion (Patrick and Sonia, 2012). Job satisfaction is one’s general attitude to the job, and higher the job satisfaction, the more likely he/she will hold a positive attitude towards their job (De Menzes, 2011). De Menzes (2011) believes that employees who are satisfied with their jobs are likely to be more committed to their organisation and be more productive. People are significantly more productive when they are content and achieving individual and organisational goals are able to be fulfilled in a work environment where employees feel happy and motivated. Interventions which can be used to improve job satisfaction and productivity to decrease rates of turnover and unmotivated employees include an increase in workplace training, as well as performance pay.
Employee turnover in organization is one of the main issues that extensively affect the overall performance of a workplace (Tariq, Ramzan and Riaz, 2013). Various studies show that employee turnover negatively affect the overall efficiency at the organization (Tariq, Ramzan and Riaz, 2013). Xiancheng, (2013) mentioned the employee turnover is a method of personal issues who decided to stop associate with the company for better advantage. There are two types of turnover which are voluntary and involuntary turnover. Voluntary turnover can be defined as the termination of the official and the psychological contract between the employee and employer (Krausz, 2002; Macdonald, 1999; Mclean Parks et al, 1999; Rousseau, 1995) while involuntary turnover inescapably lead to direct negative results such as current job is insecurity, work difficulty, and status fluctuation (Gowan and Gatewood, 1997). However, other researchers such as Haven-Tang and Jones, (2012) concluded poor management, lack of salary, bad working environment and paucity of job opportunities could be the highest causes of turnover among organization. This statement was support by Kusluvan et al., (2010) where is they had stated that poor management, low payment of salary, work environment and lack of employees’ job opportunities on the organization will make employee want to quit from their job. Turnover intention situation will appear when labour had feeling that they want to quit from current job, so voluntary and involuntary turnover will become final stage for them as their decision (AlBattat and Mat Som, 2013) but it is different for researchers such as Mosadeghrad, Ferlie and Rosbenberg (2013) when they conclude that employee turno...
Employee satisfaction is undoubtedly the best predictor of employee retention. A job environment consisting of good working relationships usually fosters employee satisfaction. Employees feel motivated as they believe that the company is appreciating their service and commitment. Job satisfaction results in employee retention. Employee retention could be defined as the length of time employees stay with the organization.
Vangel, K. (2011), Employee responses to job dissatisfaction. Available at: http://www.uri.edu/research/lrc/research/papers/Vangel-Commitment.pdf (Accessed 6 April 2014).
In conclusion, the of motivation factors have a strong influence on job satisfaction resulting in any positive feelings that accompany human, who is trying to keep this state as long as possible, which leads to further efforts.
Job satisfaction has a great impact on human resources management. It has a positive association with job performance (Judge, Bono, Thoresen, & Patton, 2001), productivity (Glaman, Jones, & Rozelle, 1996) and organisational commitment (Achor, 2011; Mowday, Steers, & Porter, 1979); and negative association with absenteeism (Basford & Offermann, 2012), employee turnover (Koch & Steers, 1978) and job stress (Burke, 1970). Job satisfaction is a cognitive and affective evaluation of one’s job, which influences the emotional state of an employee (Brief, 1988). The Job Descriptive Index was developed by Smith, Kendall, and Hulin (1969) to measure workers’ satisfaction based on five facets: co-workers, supervision, promotion opportunities, salary and