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Social penetration theory Examples
Social penetration theory Examples
Social penetration theory strengths and weaknesses
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Social Penetration Theory (Ch. 10) Recently, I met a guy at a party. He was very polite and charming to say the least. We have been on three dates in the past two weeks. I obviously do not know him very well, which is why applying Social Penetration Theory is an acceptable approach to analyzing this relationship. We are both very similar and seem to enjoy one another’s company. On the first date, our conversations were slightly awkward. By our third date, we have become more comfortable. Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor conceptualized Social Penetration Theory (SPT) to better understand relational closeness (West & Turner, 2010). There are four primary assumptions of SPT. The first assumption is “Relationships progress from non-intimate to …show more content…
73). It is important to keep in mind that SI’s conception is a compilation of multiple individuals including George Herbert Mead, Ralph LaRossa, Donald C. Reitzes, John Dewey, William James, Herbert Bulmer, and many more. Through the integration of all of these researchers there are seven primary assumptions of SI. I will highlight the most relevant assumptions to this relationship. The first assumption is that “humans act toward others on the basis of the meanings those others have for them” (West & Turner, 2010, p. 81). Next, there is the assumption that “meaning is created in interaction between people” (West & Turner, 2010, p. 81). The third assumption is that “meaning is modified through an interpretive process” (West & Turner, 2010, p. 81). The seventh assumption is “social structure is worked out through social interactions” (West & Turner, 2010, p. 81). Self-concept or a “set of perceptions people old about themselves” is an important aspect of SI, because people develop self-concepts through social interactions (West & Turner, 2010, p. 77). The grander scheme of SI is the relationship between the individual and society. The social structure of society and personal factors influence self-conception and behaviors (West & Turner, …show more content…
There are five assumptions of CPM. The first assumption is that “humans are choice makers, and the second assumption is that “humans are rule makers and rule followers” (West & Turner, 2010, p. 218). The third assumption is “humans’ choices and rules are based on a consideration of others as well as the self” (West & Turner, 2010, p. 218). The final two assumptions are “relational life is characterized by change,” and “contradiction is the fundamental fact of relational life” (West & Turner, 2010, p. 218). The primary principles of CPM are focused on the management of private information. Private information is “information about things that matter deeply to a person” (West & Turner, 2010, p. 219). The five principles of CPM include the ownership, control, rules, co-ownership/guardianship, and boundary turbulence of private information (West & Turner,
The social identity theory is a person’s sense of who they are based on their social
Throughout SOCIO 211, Professor Sanderson has repeatedly stated that the things we do every day are not natural. Instead these things are constructed by society. He has repeatedly reminded us that we don’t “see” sociology or culture and that we need to “teach ourselves how to see again.” This has been the main take home point of this class for me. I’ve never realized how much I am shaped by my friends, family, teachers, and others around me. That being said, three sociological concepts have improved my understanding of my relationship with society: socialization, gender, and family. These three concepts have been the most important to me because they all are concepts I’ve related to my everyday life, that I am influenced by, and have been molded into. These concepts have made me realize that I cannot necessarily be whoever I want to be or do whatever I want to do. Because of these three main points, I understand my roles and expectations better in life. I have noticed that I act the way I do because I have been socially constructed to do so through socialization, expectations of gender and gender roles, and by how my family has influenced my view of society.
Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor’s Social Penetration Theory provides for a deeper analysis on how relational closeness develops. A multi-layered onion model is used to depict the personality structure of an individual. Each layer constitutes perspectives and beliefs about oneself, other individuals, and the world (Griffin 114). Self-disclosure, the process by which we “peel back the layers,” is a gradual process that is motivated by what we perceive as the outcome of an interaction. The depth, level of intimacy, and breadth, the extent of self-disclosed areas, are essential to forming an intimate relationship. Communication privacy management, explaining the ways individuals manage the tension between privacy and disclosure, contributes to the overall outcome of relational closeness. The Social Penetration process can be applied to the concept of ‘work spouses’ to explain the high level of intimacy one would deem equivalent to a married spouse.
Social concepts are mental constructs that represent people in a simplified form, such as the idea of a social class, differences between groups due to culture, power, or other characteristics. However, concepts may be operationalized or abstract, whereby
Some of the strengths of the social identity theory are that; throughout the years it has supported many empirical studies, it has also demonstrated the social categorization in intergroup behaviors, allowed us to differentiate between social and personal identities and has provide explanations for other areas of psychology (conformity). A weaknesses of the Social identity theory is that its application is restricted in the sense that it has very low ecological validity. Another weakness is that SIT favors situational factors rather than dispositional is not supported by evidence. The social Identity theory can be used to how to explain how we form our social and personal identities in the terms of in and out groups. SIT can also be used to explain why there is conflict between humans and different societies.
Isaksen, Joachim. "The Looking Glass Self: How Our Self-image Is Shaped by Society." Popular Social Science. N.p., 27 May 2013. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.
As we get older our, views, and perspectives on relationships may change. An explanation for this is that we encounter different situations in different relationships. Some relationships may affect us more than others, and can even change the way we think and view things. However, we would have to evaluate our levels of communication with different people. The social penetration theory helps us to categorize the levels of interpersonal communication we have with others. Based on these levels, we are able to categorize the importance and meaning of the relationship. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of social penetration theory and how it applies to our lives.
In general, individual cannot be built without the continuous outpouring him or her into the society for understanding his or her position and identity. It is impossible that an infant is able to figure out he or she is a human being before he or she has the conception about “human being.” A man cannot know whether he is smart or not without comparison with other men. Therefore, all information about an individual must be obtained from other individuals in one society. The biological process of being a social individual is the time when the individual interacts with an outside social environment in both physical and emotional ways. The reason why an individual has to touch and output outside environment is the incompleteness of society. That is, there is no society which does not base on human beings because society is not a biologically extraneous phenomenon, and the society must be shaped by activities of every individual. With the continual establishment of the relationship between every individuals and social world, the existence of society become real. In short, the broader social world is the product of the activities of human
Theiss, J.A., & Solomon, D.H. (2008). Parsing the mechanisms that increase relational intimacy: the effects of uncertainty amount, open communication about uncertainty, and the reduction of uncertainty. Human Communication Research, 34(4), 625-654. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.00335.x
Mills’ framework introduced the notion that humans function as both individuals and as members of the larger social group context. This overlap of form and function of individual role expectations created a notion that “the sociological imagination is a quality of mind that turns personal troubles into public issues”, and thereby contextualizing the self-representation championed within the realm of sociological research and study (Burawoy, 2008, 363). Through the expansion of sociological examination and thought processes, attention was brought to the interconnected nature of the individual to the greater social context. Within his conceptual framework, Mills demonstrated that individual experiences were not the product of individual idiosyncrasy, but were the product of the influence of social forces upon the individual. This increased understanding of the influences of social forces upon a person in both an individual sense and as a member of a group was intended to create empathy and a desire to motivate positive social changes that benefitted all levels of the current and future social
The purpose of this literary analysis is to determine if social networks are helpful or harmful to relationships. As social networking evolves, different aspects of communication suffer. Such as the social penetration theory, which “describes people as onions with several layers of information”. pressed tightly together in the cuff. The outermost layer consists of the kind of information you would get.
Self-concept is defined as the knowledge, a multi-dimensional construct, of an individu-al’s perception one may have about his or herself such as personality traits, physical characteris-tics, abilities, values, goals, and roles. During my infancy stage, I started to organize and acquire information, which helped me to recognize the perception of self in the social world. As a child, I learned how to interact in the social world from the environment and my learning experiences. The self-concept is an internal model, which refers to my physical characteristics, hobbies, occu-pation, abilities, skills, personality, etc. My self-concepts refer to my personal social identity. A significant factor in self-concept is an individual’s self-perceptions and how he or she interacts in the social world is.
This Approach was developed by J. P. Dunlop of Harvard University in 1958. This approach, involves individuals who a part of a continuing independent social system. The behavior, actions, and roles of individuals are based on the culture within. There are three elements the systematic approach, they are; input, process and output. Society and institutions within this society creates the system which influences the process, which then determines the outcome or response of the individuals. This theory is based on the idea that individuals are shaped by society and societal factors (Humanresource.com).
Relationships, especially close and trusting relationships, are very important for the positive, social and psychological growth of the individuals involved in the relationship. In our world, people in close relationships desire physical contact, emotional support, acceptance, and love. These traits and feelings are part of human nature, and people strive for these types of interpersonal relationships in order to fulfill the void in people’s lives and, above all, to make sense of live through trust, sharing, and caring. During my high school experience, I have met many interesting people in the classroom, as well as in sporting events. I made many new friends in sporting events and during school. Although none of these relationship ever turned into an intimate relationship, each relationship had different turning points. Mark Knapp suggest that interpersonal relationships develop through several stages. My relationship with my best friend, Sisalee, has gone through the coming together stages initiating, experimenting, intensifying, and integrating.
When it comes to comprehending or understanding any concept to why individuals may do some of the things they do, there are social theories out there to help better explain those actions. Sociological theories help to focus more on the aspect of social life, as well as explain behaviors that can be driven by passion, tradition, self-interest, religion, and the laws we have set out today in stone. “Unlike scientific theories, social theories tend to be more evaluative and critical than the theories in the natural sciences” (Appelrouth A. S.; Edles D. L 2012) Today, an analytical frame is used to help guide the comparing and contrasting of the several theoretical perspectives and traditions. In simpler terms, this four way frame is basically used to help compare and contrast theorist better. There are four main cells that make up this analytical frame which include, individual-rational, individual-nonrational, collective-rational, and collective-nonrational. Also included into this basic theoretical orientation or framework, are the core classical theorists. Those influential theorists included into the framework are Mead, who falls into the individual-nonrational side, Durkheim whom falls into the collective-nonrational side, Weber whom falls into the collective-rational side, and Marx who is also included into the collective-rational side.