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Essay on social perception hypothesis
Person perception theory
Self disclosure in relationships examples
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As we get older our, views, and perspectives on relationships may change. An explanation for this is that we encounter different situations in different relationships. Some relationships may affect us more than others, and can even change the way we think and view things. However, we would have to evaluate our levels of communication with different people. The social penetration theory helps us to categorize the levels of interpersonal communication we have with others. Based on these levels, we are able to categorize the importance and meaning of the relationship. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of social penetration theory and how it applies to our lives. There are two hypotheses that explain the social penetration process. …show more content…
Over a period, more, and more detailed information would be exchanged. The social penetration theory can’t go without the discussion of self-disclosure as it is most important in developing relationships. Self-disclosure is the gradual unfolding of one’s self. It is defined as, “verbally communicating personal information about the self to another person (Forgas 449).” Depending on the stage of the relationship the information can range from thoughts, feelings, goals, fears, dreams, and favorites. Individuals usually maintain protective outer layers that surround a central core that represents the true self. Social Penetration theory suggests that as a relationship becomes increasingly intimate, the self-disclosures become increasingly deep (Tolstedt 85). The first hypothesis which is revealing one 's self can be compared to peeling an onion. Peeling away the layers are similar to revealing more about the self. There are four layers of information that we disclose. The first layer is the surface. In this layer, the information is shallow and usually consist of topics that do not have to be discussed. This type of information is visible information regarding the individual, which can be assessed easily. The second layer is the peripheral layer, where personal information is exchanged. The intermediate layer consists of the exchange of opinions about …show more content…
It is vital to the development and maintenance of close relationships (Ruppel, 668). The advantages of this include a variety of beneficial outcomes in relationships, such as closeness, relational quality, certainty, social validation and catharsis. There are also disadvantages that come along with disclosing oneself. One of the disadvantages is rejection. The fear of rejection causes one not reveal information about themselves that they think the other person may not like. With a mindset such as this, the relationship will not grow because the ‘true ' you are not being
Sitting in their favorite coffee shop Rachel, Ross, Joey, Monica, and Phoebe were reminiscing about the old days when they used to live within walking distances from one another. Living in different cities and leading busy lives they had not seen each other in months. Their chatter came to a halt as Chandler pranced in late.
... L., Andersen, P., & Afifi, W. (2011). Close encounters: Communication in relationships. (3 ed., pp. 322-330). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Within self-disclosure there are two models that can help you decide how to confront this problem. The first model is the social penetration model often referred to as the onion model. The social penetration models measure the breadth and depth
Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor’s Social Penetration Theory provides for a deeper analysis on how relational closeness develops. A multi-layered onion model is used to depict the personality structure of an individual. Each layer constitutes perspectives and beliefs about oneself, other individuals, and the world (Griffin 114). Self-disclosure, the process by which we “peel back the layers,” is a gradual process that is motivated by what we perceive as the outcome of an interaction. The depth, level of intimacy, and breadth, the extent of self-disclosed areas, are essential to forming an intimate relationship. Communication privacy management, explaining the ways individuals manage the tension between privacy and disclosure, contributes to the overall outcome of relational closeness. The Social Penetration process can be applied to the concept of ‘work spouses’ to explain the high level of intimacy one would deem equivalent to a married spouse.
This classic love story describes how people can change once they interact with other people. Moreover, this is an example of how human beings in general need interaction to be normal functioning citizens of society. Having relationships, can make a person feel better about him and can possibly revolutionize or emerge a personality that was quiescent due to lack of interaction. This video demonstrates many facets of interpersonal communication.
Everyone has a limit on how much self-disclosure they reveal, especially to an individual that is a stranger to them. However, self-disclosure becomes more reveling when that individual becomes more than a stranger and starts to feel comfortable with that person and someone whom they can trust. There were two experiments that took place in the study. The first experiment was based on the eye contact and self-disclosure of the experimenter and the subject. The second experiment was the effects of the experimenter’s self-disclosure. On both studies, the purpose was to see how much the subject will self-disclose and respond when the experimenter approach them in a variety of ways (Jourard & Friedman, 1970). The hypothesis for both experiments
that person’s sense of trust and level of intimacy, and collected from self-report data. Self disclosure is reflected in actual behavior and can be measured through observation of a person’s situations such as the initial stage of a group. Attachment research has shown that secure attachment contributes to subjective well-being, high self-esteem, high self-efficacy, self-control, and well-adjusted interpersonal behavior. Insecure attachment seems to be organized around two basic dimensions: avoidance and anxiety-ambivalence. Avoidant adults tend to be uncomfortable about and have difficulties being close to and trusting others; anxious-ambivalent adults want closeness to others, worry that others do not love or want to be with them, and sometimes scare others away with their intense need for closeness.
We reveal ourselves most thoroughly and discuss the widest range of topics with our spouses and loved ones. Self-disclosure is an important building block for intimacy and cannot be achieved without it. Most self-disclosure occurs early in relational development, but more intimate self-disclosure occurs later.
The social environment has a massive influence on the physical and mental health of individuals. Legal dictionary defines social influence as “social influence occurs when one 's emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by others. Social influence takes many forms and can be seen in conformity, socialization, peer pressure, obedience, leadership, persuasion, sales, and marketing”, (2016). Environmental factors such as triggers also play major roles that affect and effect on how society approaches its environment and the challenges that are faced on a daily basis. Triggers included, but not limited to, are racism, bias, gender, suggestion, religion, poverty, education, economics, technology, music, products purchased and consumed. Schroder states social sciences are “ill-equipped to tackle environmental challenges confronting society”, because theoretical approaches provide little in coherent understanding centralized focus missed the bigger
...; With the use of applying this theory to an episode as a demonstration, an application, and then an explanation, it is easy to see how the Social Exchange theory is related to everyday situations. Not only can the theory be applied to amorous relationships, but to that of friendships. The utility of the theory is seen in just about every type of interaction and is key to better understanding why relationships, friendships, or any mutual interaction, for that matter, turn out being costly or rewarding.
Sociology is distinguished by the study of sociology theories, which play a significant key role in enabling us to analyze different societies. Sociology theories give us different outlooks different perspectives within factors of different societies that can be analyzed. This will make it easier for someone to understand and predict social behavior and happenings within societies that offer great importance to our generation. This author will focus on sociologist concepts that are related to the videos for our assignments and factors that have been put into consideration including: aging, discrimination and social theories with an increase in the size of the older population in relation to the younger generation. These videos in relating to aging, discrimination and social satisfaction I am going to analyze the findings that were a result in which will give an analytical detail of aging.
In interpersonal communication there are many theories that are similar yet different in many ways. The theories can be combined to describe people and how those people interact and communicate with each other. Many of these theories help explain how people in society form impressions of others, how they maintain these impressions, why people interact with certain people in society, and how people will use these impressions that they have formed later on in life. These theories also help people to better understand themselves, to better understand interpersonal communication, and to better understand people in general. There are two theories in interpersonal communication that, despite their differences, can go hand in hand. The first is interaction adaptation theory and the second is emotional contagion theory. These two theories’ similarities and differences and their relevance to my everyday life will be discussed in this paper. These two theories are very important in understanding how people interact with others and why people do the things they do sometimes.
In any relationship self-disclosure plays a necessary role at all stages according to social penetration theory (Verderber & Verderber, 2013). However, as a relationship builds over time so does the information we provide during self-disclosure. Our personality has multiple layers that lead to our inner core, which holds our “values, deep emotions, and self-concept,” (Verderber & Verderber, 2013, p. 170). As we build towards more intimate relationships we reveal different layers of our personality through self-disclosure. When a relationship begins we begin to disclose a lot of information from our public personality (Verderber & Verderber, 2013). For example, we share our name, where we went to school, our major, our favorite foods or movies, and other basic information. If the self-disclosure is returned from our partner we move deeper into revealing our personality with that person (Verderber & Verderber, 2013). After reveling this information, the relationship
This paper will discuss developing and maintaining relationships in relation to my own relationships with my family, friends, and boyfriend.
In the world of psychology therapist raise a question whether or not they should “disclose personal information during psychotherapy. Several therapists “have suggested that therapist self-discloser can have a positive impact on treatment. From this view, self-discloser by the therapists may elicit greater discloser by the client enhancing the possibilities for client self-exploration”(e.g., Bugental, 1965, chap. 7; Jourad, 1971, chap. 17; Strassberg, Roback, D’Antonio & Gable, 1977). In addition, “self-discloser is thought to encourage an atmosphere of honesty and understanding between client and therapist, fostering a stronger and more effective therapeutic relationship”). However many other therapist disagrees with that statement. They reply “ psychodynamic theorist since Freud have generally regarded therapist self-disclosure as detrimental to treatment because it might interfere with the therapeutic process, shifting the focus of therapy away from the client”(e.g., see cutis, 1982b; Freud, 1912/1958; Greenson, 1967, chap. 3). In addition, it is argued that therapist self-discloser may adversely affect treatment outcome by exposing therapist weakness or vulnerabilities, thereby undermining client trust in the therapist”(e.g., see cutis, 1982b, 1981)