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Social penetration theory
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Theory of social penetration Introduction In class, we discussed and later investigated different theories about human relationships. All these theories examined why and how people relate to each other, as well as tried to explain why they choose a particular relationship and not others. I came across with the theory of Social Penetration while reading after one of our classes. Two American sociologists Altman and Taylor developed the theory. They insist, "…relations include various levels of intimacy, exchange or degree of social penetration." That is, there are stages in people’s relationships, which go through a sort of a process of systematic and predictable trajectory. This idea sounds interesting to anybody who is struggling with developing meaningful relationships. Just thinking that relationships follow a trail to proximity, which is organized and predictable development for sure will save me from countless disappointments. Jason and Kayla Around three years ago, a friend of my parents who I will named Jason for the purposes of this assignment, lost his wife. The central aspect of the theory is the conceptualization of relational development as a process (Amada Carpenter, 2010). Specifically, Altman and Taylor detailed that relationships go through sequential stages in their development. They defined four stages (Irwin Altman, 1973): 1- Orientation stage: In this, the individuals are cautious and tentative in their interaction, which is regulated by rules and social formulas. At this stage, little information is shared. 2. Emotional exploratory exchange stage: At this stage, individuals begin to relax and are friendlier to each other. Likewise, more information is
He implemented eight psychosocial stages which includes trust versus mistrust. One example of the specified inclusions are infants. In order to come to a resolution for these feelings of insecurity, infants look towards their care givers for care and stability to fulfill their desired needs. With autonomy versus shame stage, children begin to assert their independence, utilizing their skills otherwise they will end up doubting their abilities. Initiative versus guilt is another stage where pre-scholars develop initiative by devising and carrying out bold plans. These people plan activities, developing a sense of initiative with others therefore feeling secure in their ability to lead and make decisions. The identity versus role confusion stage is noted as Erikson’s most popular. He characterized adolescence as a crucial and critical time of identity development. To achieve a sense of identity some adolescents attempt to define and explore who they are regarding their career choice, religion, political views, sexual orientation etc., figuring out a way to fit into society. According to Erikson, “the adolescent mind is essentially a mind or moratorium, a psychosocial stage between the morality learned by the child, and the ethics to be developed by the adult” (Erikson, 1963, p.245. As they go through the different sexual and
The fourth stage is the coordination of secondary circular reaction. Children start to show intentional actions to achieve their desired effect like imitating the observed behavior of others, such as their parents.
The second stage is when the female protagonist has to confront her biological femaleness. This happens with the little girl in 'Remember the Titans' when she starts spending time with Coach Boone's children, who are more conventionally "girly". At first she scorns them, but after a while a friendship grows up between them. She...
In this beautiful thing called life are a mixture of all kinds of nationality of people, adults, elderly, and youths. As a nation of humans, people have their own personalities and behave a certain way for a reason. In fact, there are some juveniles that misbehave just as the adults do and that is where the problem may or may not stand. As a result of this, comes the questions of how or what may or may not influence delinquency? Could it be that the social process of from where a person resides? People may pounder um why a person behavior can become delinquent, no one is born to be delinquent. This paper will go over, one or more aspects of how my life relate to social learning theory, social control theory, and social bonds. Discuss how those
The second stage is autonomy verses shame and doubt. This occurs from about 18 months of age to 3 years old. The basic virtue of this stage is will; can they do things on their own or do they require the help of others? Erikson believed that children around this age wanted to develop a greater sense...
The first four are what really shape a child into the person they will someday be. Stage one is infancy. Basically, this stage consists of trust versus mistrust. A baby either develops a trust to a parent or caregiver, or they don’t receive that connection and they grow to view the world around them as a dangerous place. This stage occurs from birth to approximately eighteen months. A child builds trust with another person when that person meets the child's needs such as changing their diaper and giving them affection. For example, if you had two children and only met one of their needs, the other would grow up believing that the rest of their life is gonna be the same way it was when they were an infant and they were not being taken care of. It will have a negative impact on their outlook on life. This stage is one of many that is crucial to the child's
David, P., (2014a, Winter Quarter). Stages of intimacy assessment. Class handout from Applied Couple Therapy. Antioch University, Seattle, WA. Gehart, D. (2014).
In Erickson’s Stage development there are eight stage theory of identity and psychosocial development. The first stage is Infancy, which is from birth to eighteen months old. Here is where we learn basic trust vs mistrust, in my personality I would say that the nurturing of my grandmother taught me how to be optimistic and confident in the world around me. As well as developed a sense of trust, in which it gave me hope when a new crisis arises in my next challenge. The second stage is Toddler/Early childhood years, which is from eighteen months to three years old. Here is where we learned Autonomy vs shame, in my personality I would say I am very independent and I pride on how much I accomplish, I was very rebellious as a toddler and always
The first stage is Trust vs. Mistrust. This is the stage an infant is uncertain about the world around them, so they often look toward their primary
The second stage was titled the preoperational stage. From the age of 2 through the age of 7, the mind of the child increases substantially toward developing the mental construction of familiar and regular objects which the child interacts with frequently. The concepts of such objects are only at surface level, meaning how the child has yet to comprehend the complexity of these objects. Furthermore, the child may automatically assume how their environment (namely, those around the child) shares their likes and dislikes. (DeWolfe,
The third stage is the concrete operational stage. Children from 7 years to 11 are most likely in this stage. In this stage children start to think logical about concrete events. They begin to understand basic concept of conservation. Their thinking becomes more logical and they start being less egocentric and begin to think about how other people might think and feel.
“According to Erikson’s theory, every person must pass through a series of eight interrelated stages over the entire life cycle.” (“Erikson’s stages of development,” 2016). An example would be basic trust and mistrust. This stage is from birth up to a year old. A baby develops trust when being held, fed, or simply being touched. If the baby does not develop trust it will result in the baby having insecurity and mistrust. Another example would be identity vs role confusion, this stage is during adolescence. During this age adolescents begin to discover their identity, those who do not begin to try to be like others which is also known as “fitting
Stage one of Erickson development is trust vs. mistrust. This stage happens at 0-18 months. this stage infants develops a sense of trust and learns that to depend on others. Mistrust will form if the parents don't show they care or affection (Funder, 1997). Stage two is autonomy vs. shame and doubt. This stage begins when the child is 18 months through 3 years of age. In this stage the child needs to learn how to control skills such as physical skills, self control and independence. By doing this the child feels a sense of autonomy feeling as if they have control over their life. If the child feels like he/she has not achieve these skills, they feel a sense of shame and doubt (Funder, 1997). A good example of this is stage is a child mastering potty training.Stage three is intuitive and guilt. This stage begins at age 3 through 5 years of age. The child begins to explore, and began to from initiative ideas, they also begin school. the child because to play with others and gain a sense of power and control over things. If the child feels as if the parents support this and feel successful, they feel a sense of purpose. If the c...
...Henslin, James M. "Social Structure and Social Interaction." Essentials of Sociology: A down to Earth Approach. 10th Ed. 10th ed. Pearson, 2013. 112. Print.
The infancy stage of development begins with the child is born, and continues until about eighteen months. During this stage a lot of growth takes place, especially physical growth. This stage of development coincides with Erikson’s stage of trust vs. mistrust.