Essential Chemistry: Determination Of The Boiling Point

Essential Chemistry Written Report
Introduction
The Boiling Point can be defined as the temperature at which a substance bubbles, and converts from a liquid form to a gaseous form, it is the temperature at which the vapour pressure from the liquid is equal to that of the atmospheric pressure (eds. Hanks & Potter 1971). Molecular structure is the location of atoms, groups or ions relative to one another within a molecule, as well as the number and location of chemical bonds in the molecule as well. The boiling point of a substance depends on both, the molecular structure and intermolecular forces, which are the forces of both repulsion and attraction, which act between neighbouring particles (ed. Daintith 2008), within the compound.
When a substance

The difference in boiling point can be attributed to the differences in functional groups, intermolecular forces, as well as a molecules size and shape.
The first separation we can create between the allocated molecules, to identify which has the highest boiling point, is done by identifying and using the functional groups of the molecules. Pentanal, is an aldehyde, whilst 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol, are all alcohols, which shows that pentanal, has the weakest intermolecular force (dipole-dipole interactions) present in the allocated molecules. Thus shows that pentanal would have the lowest boiling point, which is shown by the literature as well.
Between the remaining molecules we can then split them further, with 1-pentanol, and 1-hexanol grouped together, and 3-methyl-1-butanol on its own. This separation can be attributed to the structure of the molecules. Whereas 1-pentanol, and 1-hexanol are simply carbon backbones without any methyl groups coming off. This forms a separation as 3-methyl-1-butanol is an alcohol like the others but with a methyl group extending from the third link in the carbon