Liquid Liquid Extraction We were asked to extract benzoic acid from a kerosene-benzoic acid mixture. This was to be done using the stirred liquid-liquid extraction column in the senior laboratory. Fresh water was used as the continuous phase in the extraction. We were asked to measure the benzoic acid concentrations of the feed, raffinate, and extract streams. These measurements were to be made at several different steady-states. The number of theoretical stages and the height of the theoretical
Liquid Diets Obesity is one of the most common problems faced by people today. Since thirty-four million Americans are estimated to be obese, one out of every three Americans must live with this disorder. Obesity is defined as a body weight consisting of 20% or more above the standard ideal weight (http://www-med.stanford.edu/school/DGIM/Teaching/Modules/obesity.html#RTFToC12). In order to reduce obesity, most invest in diet and exercise programs. Recently, liquid diets have been positively
Introduction Ionic liquids is a broaden term covering several possible systems. Ionic liquids are liquids that consist of exclusively ions, which exhibit ionic conductivity. The traditional definition known is molten salts or fused salt, which tend to have high melting points. For a while now the generalized definition of ionic liquids has only limited itself to the specific definition, which have melting points or has glass transition temperatures of 100 degrees. There are also the room temperature
Measuring the Viscosity of a Liquid Aim The aim of this experiment is to find out how fluid Bath Oils really are by measuring its viscosity. Plan The first thing that I'll do is to measure the spheres volume by first measuring its radius. I will then, by calculating the spheres mass, be able to calculate the density of the sphere. This will be used later when calculating the viscosity of the bath oil. I will then find the density of the bath oil, also used during calculations later
Solids, liquids, and gases are the three main, or fundamental phases of matter. Each one has a different density and a different level of stability. What determines the stability of each phase is the bond between it's atoms. The tighter the bond between it's atoms the more stable that phase of matter is. Solids are the most stable form of matter, followed by liquids, and then gases. Solids have a definite shape and do not take the shape of their container. Liquids do not have any definite shape and
IS THERE ANY WATER or LIQUID ON ICE? KEYWORDS Liquid like layer, ice slipperiness, melting pressure, frictional heating, chemical bonds ABSTRACT Being an engineer and being interested in the questions which many of us do not notice pushed me to research that topic. Moreover, I would like all readers to realize how scientific experiments answer the questions which is hard to be replied. At the end, I learnt how physical and chemical explaination involve in the answer of question, which is why ice
We were all taught that there were four states of matter: Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Plasma, but some states of matter cannot be defined by one the these four. One of which are liquid crystals. These crystals have properties of both liquids and solids. They physically flow like liquids, but also share characteristics of crystalline solids. There is also more then one type of liquid crystals along with their different phases. Since they have so many properties, its no wonder how much we use them
the Cooling of a Liquid in Cups with Different Materials Aim: To investigate how a liquid cools down in cups with different materials. Prediction: The factors which will affect the amount of heat loss are: § Material of the cup – Conduction § Colour – Radiation § Surface area of cup § Amount of water (surface area:volume ratio) § If the cup has a lid or not – Convection and Evaporation § Room temperature § Thickness of the cup § Temperature of the liquid § Air movements
What kinds of liquids expand the most in the process of freezing? What kinds of liquid expand the most in the process of freezing? Experiments like this can not be done without freezing. Freezing point & temperature can very much differ. The main part about density, is about how firm it really is. But without water or any type of liquid, molecules could not manage being apart of an element. Liquids also are important because they have a vast amount of energy in every element. Research strongly encouraged
Conclusion: To conclude, the hypothesis was proven right. Syrup, the most viscous liquid, caused the metal ball to have the slowest time. The strong frictional force that acted against the ball, caused the ball to have the slowest time. For example, water had the smallest frictional force which was 8.73 × 10-4 N, but syrup had a frictional force of 2.9x10-3 N and the time it took the ball to fall through the water was .16 s and for syrup was 5.03 s, which took longer than water .Therefore, the ideal
2.1 Introduction to Ionic Liquids Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquids composed entirely of ions. Molten salt is the term normally reserved for those systems that are liquid at high temperatures, for example NaCl (table salt is a liquid at ≈ 800 0C). Room-temperature ILs are liquid below 100˚C, have received considerable attention as substitutes for volatile organic solvents. Due to their remarkable properties, such as negligible vapour pressure, large liquidous range, high thermal stability, good ionic
separately or in chemical combination with fuel. Rockets are propelled forward by gas or liquid being expelled backwards. Rockets work on a fundamental law of motion by Sir Isaac Newton that states, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. This helps explain how rockets fly on earth and in space. For example, the rocket fuel is exploded in a controlled way so that the exhaust gas or liquid is sent streaming down out the rocket nozzle and causing the rocket to accelerate up. Rockets
Action Design Background Information: Capillary Action is the ability of a liquid to flow through a narrow space without the assistance of external forces such as gravity. It occurs because of intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding surfaces. There are three main variables that determine whether a liquid will posses capillary action. (Davis, 1995) 1. Cohesive Force: The intermolecular forces that cause liquids to resist separation and to remain a certain shape. This exists between
to large spaces. In a liquid form, water has no such spaces; so ice is less dense and will float on liquid water. If not for this, great bodies of water would freeze from the bottom up without the insulation of a top layer of ice and all life in the water would die. The water molecule is a very small one but because of its unique properties it behaves like a larger one. The bonds between water molecules are so strong that water resists changes in its state (Solid, liquid, gas); thus water has
The Molten Core Theory The center of the Earth is composed of a solid metallic core surrounded by a molten layer of liquid metal. This paper will discuss the reasons to believe the theory that the Earth has a molten core, and the important discoveries that have led to this generally accepted theory. It is very reasonable to agree with this theory when paying credence to the logical evidence that answers questions about the Earth’s core. This evidence includes information about the elemental
In this lab, lab 4.3 Comparing the Concentrations of Saturated Solutions, we set out to find and compare the solubilities of two solids in water. In addition, we tested if solubility is a characteristic property of a solid in a given liquid. This lab allowed us to test and use a reliable way to measure the solubility of a solid. This lab can be replicated for any solid with the same procedure, thus it gives us a method to calculate solubility. The two solids we tested in this experiment were NaCl
Temperature, being the measure of kinetic energy in molecules of a substance, is a marker for the points at which the phase of matter a substance changes, which makes helpful in finding why substances have their melting/freezing points. Additionally, shape, intermolecular forces, and molar masses all affect the amount of kinetic energy (or the temperature) needed to change a substance’s phase of matter. It is from this the research question is derived: Why do substances have specific melting points
mercury has a high luster, giving it a mirror-like appearance. It is the only metal that remains liquid at room temperature, yet it is not wet. This is because of its inability to be absorbed by other substances; instead, when spilled, it forms small, spherical beads. These beads are highly mobile and tremble at the slightest touch. Mercury is also extremely dense. In fact, it is the densest liquid element, so dense that a block of lead is able to float on it. Because it has been recognized since
Do all liquids evaporate at the same rate? Anthony Urquidi December 14, 2017 Evaporation is part of our everyday lives. After washing the dishes, after taking a shower, and many more signs of evaporation in our everyday lives, but does every type of liquid evaporate at the same rate? Sometimes liquids may be sitting in one dry place and its molecules might turn into gas molecules, that is the process of evaporation. When energy in certain molecules reaches a specific level, those molecules have
In this world, most materials that are known to man are classified to be in either solids, liquids, or gases states. However, liquids and gases can also be classified into one common state which is fluid state or fluids (Smits, 2000). Fluids is one of the most important elements in our lives. The water we drink, the air that we breathe, the rivers that flows, the oil that we use are all fluids. Fluids, as mentioned by Munson, Young, Okiishi, and Huebsch (2010), is defined as “a substance that deforms