The Effect of Temperature on Capillary Action
Design
Background Information:
Capillary Action is the ability of a liquid to flow through a narrow space without the assistance of external forces such as gravity. It occurs because of intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding surfaces.
There are three main variables that determine whether a liquid will posses capillary action. (Davis, 1995)
1. Cohesive Force: The intermolecular forces that cause liquids to resist separation and to remain a certain shape. This exists between molecules of the same substance.
2. Adhesive Force: The attractive forces between unlike molecules. In some cases adhesion causes the liquid to cling to the surface where it rests.
3. Surface Tension: The contractive tendency of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force. This is measured in Newton.
Capillary action can only occur when the adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces, which creates surface tension in liquid. The kinetic energy produced when the liquid is heated, allows the attractive forces between the molecules to weaken and this causes them to move past each other more freely. This results in the liquid flowing more easily. Therefore temperature increases capillary action and capillary flow because of the decrease in cohesive force. The intermolecular forces between the molecules are less packed due to the increase in temperature and the surface tension in the liquid will decrease as the temperature increases and this will help the flow of the liquid through the capillary tube.
Aim: To determine the effect of temperature change on the height of water in capillary action at 8 seconds.
Research Question: How does temperature affect the height of water in...
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...g them.
- Take care when handling glassware eg. Thermometers, beakers, stirring rod and test tubes, to minimize breakage keep glassware away from the edges of the bench and be careful when holding and moving them around.
- After each trial, leave equipment for 2 minutes to cool. After this when moving hot test tubes and beakers, use the heat proof gloves provided to prevent burning skin
- Wear safety goggles to prevent hot water from splashing into eyes.
Assumptions:
- Temperature of water was even throughout the beaker
- Water quality and composition is the same in each Mount Franklin Bottle.
- No impurities
References:
UC Davis GeoWiki by University of California. (2013). Cohesive and Adhesive Forces. Retrieved April 2014, from http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Macroscopic_Properties/Cohesive_And_Adhesive_Forces
Rinse your beaker thoroughly to wash any excess powder. 12. Repeat steps 7-11 3 more times for reliability. To make sure the temperature still stays hot by continue heating the water a little bit using the hot plate. 13.
The increase in temperature will therefore increase the rate of reaction. As this is the variable I am measuring I will not keep the temperature constant and therefore I will be varying it. Volume of water- if the volume of the water is increased there is more likelihood that there will be more collisions.
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2. What observation leads you to believe there is a force of attraction between water
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heat will stay in the cup and can only escape by rising to the surface
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Scienceclarified.com, (2014). Buoyancy - Concept, How it works, Real-life applications, Key terms. [online] Available at: http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Chemistry-Vol-3-Physics-Vol-1/Buoyancy.html [Accessed 28 Nov. 2014].
It is mandatory that all the lab users need to work under the supervision of the instructor or any other qualified personnel. When conducting experiments, the users need to proceed with caution and report any spills, injuries and accidents to the teacher or the person in charge. The students should be careful when handling the lab chemicals and equipment to avoid accidents (Jay, 2010). When heating substances caution should be taken not to point the test tube to yourself or a colleague. All open flames that are in use within the lab should not be unattended and always turn off all the heating equipment and water taps when not in use. All the students should ensure that no experiment should be left while in progress at all