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Recommended: Nature of aggression
1. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
- Define aggression and explain the difference between violence, anger and hostility
- Describe the theory regarding the three basic elements of emotions (pages 399-416 Psychology for South Australia Textbook)
1. Subjective Feelings
2. Expressive Behaviour
3. Physiological Responses
In psychology, the term aggression refers to the behaviour of an individual who has the intention to harm another person who does not wish to be harmed (Carter & Grivas 2005). It can be described by the type of aggression. Violence, is a subcategory of aggression and it refers to aggressive behaviour which causes physical harm, such as injury or death (Carter & Grivas 2005). An example of this is assault.
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Subjective feelings describe the emotion which is brought about through a person’s experience (Carter & Grivas 2005). For example, two people in love will not describe their feelings in the same way. Expressive behaviour refers to the exterior physical indication that an emotion is being experienced (Carter & Grivas 2005). An example of this is body language. Physiological responses refers to the internal response that an emotion can cause to one’s body (Carter & Grivas 2005). When a person experiences an emotion, physiological changes can occur within their body, for example, their heart may begin to race as a fight of flight response to prepare the body to act in a threatening …show more content…
Issues that have emerged include increasing use of social media, the internet, peer pressure, family breakdown and bullying. Teenagers are not participating in physical activity or sport in their leisure time as much as they used to (Makkai, Morris, Sallybanks & Willis 2003). Family structures have also changed with more separated or divorced parents and mixed families. Teenagers generally feel angry when the family unit breaks down. Teens generally do not openly discuss matters with their parents, but rely on their friends for advice or support. Multiculturalism has caused issues with teenagers who do not understand their culture and rather see them as a threat to their own
Friedman, B. H. Feelings and the body: The Jamesian perspective on autonomic specificity of emotion(2010). Biological Psychology.
- There is a pattern of emotions throughout the three interpersonal relationships examined in the study
Is there a biological basis for violent behavior in the brain? Recent research links "neurological impairments and psychoses" to violent behavior (1).
Teenage Depression. Everywhere you look these two words appear together as one, in newspapers and magazines, as well as in scholarly reports. Teenage depression is one of today's "hot topics" this among other teenage mental health problems, has been brought to the forefront of public consciousness in recent years after several incidents involving school shootings (CQ 595). The environment that teens grow up in today is less supportive and more demanding than it was twenty years ago. Not only are the numbers of depressed teens rising, but children are also being diagnosed at younger and younger ages. Studies have found that, "There is an estimated 1.5-3 million American children and adolescents who suffer from depression, a condition unrecognized in children until about 20 years ago" (CQR 595). This increase in depression is due to social factors that teenagers have to deal with everyday. A recent study found that, "About five percent of teenagers have major depression at any one time. Depression can be very impairing, not only for the affected teen, but also for his or her family-and too often, if not addressed, depression can lead to substance abuse or more tragic events" (NAMI.org). Gender roles and other societal factors including the pressures on girls to look and act a certain way, the pressures on boys to suppress their emotions and put on a tough front and the pressures on both sexes to do well in school and succeed, all contribute to depression in teens today. Depression is a growing problem which crosses gender lines and one that needs to be dealt with with more than just medication.
Plutchik, Robert (1980), Emotion: Theory, research, and experience: Vol. 1. Theories of emotion, 1, New York: Academic
Is to do violence to another. Contain the idea of aggression in different levels. Denote violence.
One famous pioneer in this area is Ekman (1973 in Shiraev & Levy, 2007, 2004) who classified six basic facial expressions as being universal and reflecting most emotional states. They are happy, sad, anger, disgust, surprised and fearful. Ekman (1973) proposed that the universality of emotions allows individuals to empathise with others and enables us to read other’s feelings therefore emotions must serve an adaptive purpose hence supporting the claim that they are universal (Darwin, 1972 in John, Ype, Poortinga, Marshall & Pierre 2002). Moreover, emotions are widely accepted to accompany...
The primary content of the book is intended for parents and goes into more depth than a typical teen section. Illustrated with easy to follow graphic organizers, the section intended for parents is packed with numerous case histories, tables and charts, questionnaires, dialogues, and issues common to families with teenagers. Of particular importance are the case histories, dialogue, and issue boxes.
In cities, suburban areas and even small towns, people are fearful and concerned that violence has permeated the fabric of their communities and degraded the quality of their lives (Albert J. Reiss). There is aggression everyday and it can be seen in all different forms. Where ever you go there will be some type of aggression. While doing research, I learned new things about psychological aggression and affects aggression has on people.
...h murders and violence, we must regard aggression as a summated response to many factors. Individually, the factors probably are harmless, but when united, they can be unleashed as aggression in which case terrible crimes take the lives of so many innocent people.
Emotion is the “feeling” aspect of consciousness that includes physical, behavioral, and subjective (cognitive) elements. Emotion also contains three elements which are physical arousal, a certain behavior that can reveal outer feelings and inner feelings. One key part in the brain, the amygdala which is located within the limbic system on each side of the brain, plays a key role in emotional processing which causes emotions such as fear and pleasure to be involved with the human facial expressions.The common-sense theory of emotion states that an emotion is experienced first, leading to a physical reaction and then to a behavioral reaction.The James-Lange theory states that a stimulus creates a physiological response that then leads to the labeling of the emotion. The Cannon-Bard theory states that the physiological reaction and the emotion both use the thalamus to send sensory information to both the cortex of the brain and the organs of the sympathetic nervous system. The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain about the emotion being expressed on the face, increasing all the emotions. In Schachter and Singer’s cognitive arousal theory, also known as the two-factor theory, states both the physiological arousal and the actual arousal must occur before the emotion itself is experienced, based on cues from the environment. Lastly, in the cognitive-mediational theory
To conclude, researches propose a number of theories that experience human emotions. The James-Lange theory of emotion and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion belong to one physiological category of theories. However, chosen theories differ greatly from each other. While the James-Lange theory affirms that different physiological states respond to various experiences of emotion, the Cannon-Bard theory claims that humans react to an inducement and experience that is related to the emotion at that time. Both theories have individuals that criticize them and it is up to the individual to decide which one to
Discuss the "cognition versus biology" debate in the study of emotion. Outline first the cognitive position and then the biological position. Discuss one possible, satisfying resolution to the cognition versus biology debate, using an original example to illustrate this
One scientist, Damasio, provided an explanation how emotions can be felt in humans biologically. Damasio suggested, “Various brain structures map both the organism and external objects to create what he calls a second order representation. This mapping of the organism and the object most likely occurs in the thalamus and cingulate cortices. A sense of self in the act of knowing is created, and the individual knows “to whom this is happening.” The “seer” and the “seen,” the “thought” and the “thinker” are one in the same.” By mapping the brain scientists can have a better understandi...
Aggressive behavior is exhibited in individuals who present themselves in a very violent or hostile manner. Aggression is commonly linked with frustration and is a behavioral disorder that has various classifications. This factor makes it easy to confuse this disorder with different behavioral problems. There are different types of aggression that have different levels of severity. The website Study.com breaks down aggression into a few subcategories. The first subcategory is referred to as proactive aggressive behavior. According to Study.com, “proactive aggressive behaviors are calculated and planned actions that have some motive other than harming someone.” This means that proactive aggressive behaviors express feelings such as anger, frustration, superiority, etc in a pre-calculated manner to release built up tension. An individual's emotional needs motivate them to exert proactive aggressive behaviors. For example, bullying is a form of proactive aggression. Bullying allows the antagonist to feel superior to their victim and involves a lot of planning. The antagonist already knows who their target is, why they chose their target, and when they are going to torment them. The main thing to know about proactive aggressive behavior is that the individual who exhibits such behavior has a decent amount of control over their actions.The next sub-category is the complete opposite and is referred to as reactive