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Interaction theory
Interaction theory
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1. Caron, A., Lafontaine, M., Bureau, J., Levesque, C., & Johnson, S. M. (2012). Comparisons of close relationships: An evaluation of relationship quality and patterns of attachment to parents, friends, and romantic partners in young adults. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 44(4), 245-256. doi:10.1037/a002801 Overview: Study of the two attachment theories; personality-trait and context-specific variable to assist which attachment model holds more weight in three types of interpersonal relationships regarding participants and their parents along with friendships and romantic relationships among two individuals.
Assessment - Trait like model represents one factor, meaning that each relationship will display the same attachment
- Same measure was used to question the participants (self-reports) - Careful with generalizing these data because it comes from European background and families are nuclear no step children were involved along with no same-sex partners Reported results & conclusion - There is a pattern of emotions throughout the three interpersonal relationships examined in the study - Gender also played a great component in which girls who experienced conflict in primary relationships rated higher ER than boys who experienced interpersonal conflicts in relationships. - By addressing interpersonal conflict in the parental relationship, this may help reduce the ER and facilitate other relationships (Cooks, p. 346, 2013) 4. Berscheid, E., Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. M. (1989). The Relationship Closeness Inventory: Assessing the closeness of interpersonal relationships. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 57(5), 792-807.
Each principle was assessed differently and findings revealed interesting balances between duration, frequency and strength of a relationship. A Clear Scholarly Definition: "Kelley et al, (1983) emphasizes that interdependence that exists between relationship partners as evidence of their day-to-day activities, and thus stress assessment of the properties of the interaction of the two people" (Berscheid, p.792,
Once they can objectively see the pattern and how it repeats itself over time, they are in a position to see their own contribution to it” (pg. 36). An individual can only change their own relationship pattern. If one individual in the relationship tries to make a positive change to their relationship pattern it is more than likely that the other partner will follow in their footsteps (Gilbert, 1992). While reading this chapter on relationship patterns I began to notice similarities with some of my own relationships. It was awesome to see how these patterns come about and how to improve them. One of the second concepts discussed in the chapters was the emotions in relationships. One factor that stood out to me was how vital and crucial emotions are to human life. Gilbert (1992) believes that “Emotions are important to all life, firing the strong, quick reactions necessary to survive the dangers of existence” (pg. 38). Emotions can also be described as patterns that are created early on. In relationships emotions are one of the crucial parts of a relationship, but they can also lead to be part of the most difficult parts of a relationship. Gilbert (1992) states “While they are necessary, desirable, and pleasurable, feelings and emotions also lead to most of the
Hazan, C., Gur-Yaish, N., & Campa, M. (2003). What does it mean to be attached? In W. S. Rholes & J. A. Simpson (Eds.) Adult Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications, (pp. 55 – 85). New York: Guilford.
In addition to romantic partners, other age peers such as friends and family have the potential to become dominant attachment figures for adults. Throughout adolescence and early adulthood, friends and romantic partners gradually replace parents as the preferred source of emotional support and proximity seeking (Freeman & Brown, 2001; Hazan & Zeifman, 1994). Shifts in attachment tend to be a function of the relationship length, and only longer lasting friendships are likely to create close attachment bonds (Fraley & Davis, 1997). Enduring close friendships have the potential to
Admittedly, many psychologists define attachment as an enduring affectionate bond that one person forms between himself and another person throughout life. Since Mary Ainsworth provided the most famous research: strange situation, offering explanations how each individual differences in attachment. However, in this Adult Attachment Style questionnaire that I took, I found many factors relevant to attachment as it was defined in the textbook. For example, in the textbook, it defines attachment based on Ainsworth research, the strange situation by observing attachment forms between mother and infants. Which they are described in four attachment styles: securely attached, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant, and insecure disorganized. The questions on the questionnaire were based on those areas to determine my style of attachment.
No matter what, people form thousands of relationships to get through the ups and downs in life. To be frank, life would be pretty dull and empty without relationships. One of the most important relationships is the one that people form with their parents (Perry). Early family relationships are the foundation for adult relationships and a child’s personality (Perry; Greenberg). Alicia Lieberman, a psychology professor, said “The foundation for how a child feels about himself and the world is how he feels in his relationship with the primary caregiver” (Greenberg). According to Erik Erikson and the attachment theory, the bond between a caregiver and child has a huge impact on a child’s development because of social and emotional effects.
pattern of intense and unstable interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation:
Attachment is described as the close emotional bond between two people and Attachment Theory (AT) generally concentrates on the early bonds in a person’s development as well as the effects that these bonds have on later socio-emotional development. While emphasis on attachment as an antecedent for future behavior and personality has decreased somewhat in recent years, it is interesting to note that the DSM IV-TR includes a “reactive attachment disorder” which it states is caused when extreme circumstances prevent proper attachment development.
Attachment is a key element in the social bond, which consists of “affectionate bonds between an individual and his/her significant others” (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 163). For Hirschi, parents and schools are very important and critical elements of attachment. Those who form close attachments to their parents and schools usually experience greater levels of social control. For example, Nannie Doss did not have any attachments especially with her parents. Hirschi says, “the stronger the early attachments are, the probability of acting inappropriately decreases” (Tibbetts, 2012, p.163). Also, Nannie Doss did not have any social interactions with her friends or peers because her father did not allow her to attend school and have friends. Therefore, Na...
These relationships help manage our emotions through constant interaction and provides an open line of communication whenever or wherever it may be needed. However, this poses a question; can humans survive without interpersonal relationships? According to the online scholarly article titled: “Interpersonal Relationships, Motivation, Engagement, and Achievement: Yields for Theory, Current Issues, and Educational Practice” we emphasize just how critical and essential the perks obtained through these relationships are. Through these relationships we “theorize the concepts of academic morality on the strong and healthy relationships students establish” (Martin, 2009). Through interactions and through the successful and unsuccessful relationships we develop throughout our lifetime, we accumulate
Sarkis, Stephanie. “7 Keys to a Healthy and Happy Relationship.” Psychology Today. N.p., 2 Jan.
Increasing divorce rate - a.... ... middle of paper ... ... Offspring’s adjustment relies on certain factors: socioeconomic status, parental disaster and relationships between parents and children. Despite the divorce, some children are able to skip these difficulties, if parents are aware of the proper approach (attitude) to children. Children feel honored when parents have a kind relationship with each other and take care of their children. Therefore, parents should sustain (encourage, continue) pertinence with children after separation, and only in that case children can cope with pain (hardship, adversity) and become more successful.
Wade, C. E., Cameron, B. A., Morgan, K., & Williams, K. C. (2011). Are interpersonal
Brenning, K.M. & Braet, C. (2013). The emotion regulation model of attachment: An emotion-specific approach. Personal Relationships, 20(1), 107-123. Doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2012.01399.x
Future research on this topic could address how the relational self is relevant to other psychological concepts such parental and peer attachment. The strength of the relationship would influence to what extent the effect would actually have. It would be also interesting to possibly study negative attitudes towards significant others and the transference that occurs within the realms of those relationships. Examples would be: rebelling teens and their parents, long time feuding family members, neighbors, or coworkers.