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People, in this case boys, with ant-social behaviors persistently disregard and violate the rights of others (Comer, 2014). Their future is bleak, if not treated, with many ending up with substance abuse problems and incarceration. So while treatment is difficult and often unsuccessful (Comer, 2014), I feel there is hope if they can come to believe in a positive, productive, future self. Brainstorming could be a way to bring about the motivation that will be needed for them to obtain an expanded view of the future and themselves. Possible selves represent the future. These boys suffer from a negative self-image and a bleak outlook on their future. Brainstorming about their future selves allows for the boys to get a picture of their hopes and fears about their future. These hope and fears about their future selves are brought to the surface were they can be dealt with. If the boys realistically look at their future and see that there is a hoped for successful future self, this can be used as goal to drive motivation. A motivational link between today and future can formed (in terms of a hoped for self) it can be harnessed to make decisions that can make the future self a reality. The motivational energy can be used for energize and direct actions so that attributes, behaviors, and attitudes can allow the future self to materialize (Reeve, Wiley, 2015).
5. In the following example, explain why the emotion of fear/terror rather than the physiological need for air is the primary motivator: A child puts a sweater on over his head, it gets stuck, and the child experiences a moment of air deprivation. He then shows panic-like emotion and finally coping behavior.
The
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Discuss the "cognition versus biology" debate in the study of emotion. Outline first the cognitive position and then the biological position. Discuss one possible, satisfying resolution to the cognition versus biology debate, using an original example to illustrate this
Friedman, B. H. Feelings and the body: The Jamesian perspective on autonomic specificity of emotion(2010). Biological Psychology.
Jones, C. M., (1924, 31), A Laboratory Study of Fear: The Case of Peter, Pedagogical Seminary, pp. 308–315.
Watson, J. B. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. The American Psychologist, 55(3), 313-317. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu/
Plutchik, Robert (2002), Emotions and Life: Perspectives from Psychology, Biology, and Evolution, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
The biological perspective examines how brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behaviour. It emphasizes that the brain and nervous system are central to understanding behaviour, thought, and emotion. It is believed that thoughts and emotions have a physical basis in the brain. Electrical impulses zoom throughout the brain’s cells, releasing chemical substances that enable us to think, feel, and behave. René Descartes (1596–1650) wrote an influential book (De Homine [On Man]) in which he tried to explain how the behaviour of animals, and to some extent the behaviour of humans, could be like t...
Larson, Reed W. “Toward A Psychology of Positive Youth Development.” American Psychologist 55.1 (2000): 170-183. Web. 12 April 2014.
In his influential paper “Feeling and Thinking. Preferences need no Inferences” (Zajonc, 1980), he argued for the idea that affect is “precedent to the intellective qualities and elements of experience” (para. 1), and in line with this he put forward several hypothesis to exhibit the supremacy of affect in information processing - in its independence, primacy and automaticity - over cognition. He collected and presented a host of empirical findings to support his argument. Among those, the mere-exposure effect - the experimental evidence for subject’s preferences, or liking, by merely being exposed to certain stimuli without the subjects’ conscious (and thus assumedly cognitive) processing of them, was cited as the supporting evidence for preferential processing of affect before cognition (or “feeling without knowing” as described by Zajonc) (Zajonc, 1980). He also based his argument on the biological assumption that distinctive brain area, specifically the locus coeruleus, was responsible for the processing of affective information, and thus to complete his argument for the independence of the emotion apart from
To give my personal philosophy of success I would first have to define “success”. Success is the accomplishment of an aim or purpose. My success philosophy that I plan on implementing from now on is accepting personal responsibility for the good and bad choices I make. There will be time when I need to focus on school and worry less about my free time. If I have a test to take I have to study for that test to get a good grade and continuous good grades will help me pass the course. I can’t depend on anyone else to do my work for me I’m personally responsible for completing my assignments and turning them in on time. When the weekend comes around and all I do is procrastinate by telling myself I’ll study later. The smart thing to do about this situation would be to think wise and use my time-management strategies. I’ll always have time for myself, so sacrificing some free time now is well worth it. This helps me to be a creator and not the victim about things and keeping up with the self-management strategy. The success strategies that I will use will help my learning style, self-management and self-responsibility. Most people believe success is just having lots of money, cars, and women but I believe success is an individual sport and I have to be ready to play because the outcome of my performance is based on the work I put into it.
Bio-Psychologists study the principles of biology as it relates to the comprehension of psychology in the field neuroscience that underlies ones emotions, ideology, and actions (Brittanica). Based upon the conduction of research, the relationship between the brain and ones behavior extends to the physiological process in one’s intellect. Scientists are cognizant that neurotransmitters function as a significant role in mood regulation and other aspects of psychological problems including depression and anxiety. A biological perspective are relevant to psychology in three techniques including: the comparative method, physiology, and the investigation of inheritance (Saul Mc. Leod).
Hamilton, L.W. (2012). The Brain and Our Emotional Future: Foundations of Emotions [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from Soul Beliefs: Causes and Consequences Online Course site: rutgersonline.net.
I do not think that widespread use of a “happiness pill” should be encouraged. Although it would increase mood and would not have side effects, in the end it seems like the pill would do more harm than good for our society. Suffering and sadness serve as a motivator, and as a way for us to appreciate happiness much more. If suffering were taken away, people would be less motivated to do things, and there could be a chance of mania in the world. I think that there are alternative actions that people can take to naturally increase their happiness, and the happiness of our society overall.
Emotion is the “feeling” aspect of consciousness that includes physical, behavioral, and subjective (cognitive) elements. Emotion also contains three elements which are physical arousal, a certain behavior that can reveal outer feelings and inner feelings. One key part in the brain, the amygdala which is located within the limbic system on each side of the brain, plays a key role in emotional processing which causes emotions such as fear and pleasure to be involved with the human facial expressions.The common-sense theory of emotion states that an emotion is experienced first, leading to a physical reaction and then to a behavioral reaction.The James-Lange theory states that a stimulus creates a physiological response that then leads to the labeling of the emotion. The Cannon-Bard theory states that the physiological reaction and the emotion both use the thalamus to send sensory information to both the cortex of the brain and the organs of the sympathetic nervous system. The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain about the emotion being expressed on the face, increasing all the emotions. In Schachter and Singer’s cognitive arousal theory, also known as the two-factor theory, states both the physiological arousal and the actual arousal must occur before the emotion itself is experienced, based on cues from the environment. Lastly, in the cognitive-mediational theory
Panksepp, J. (2005). Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 14(1), 30-80. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2004.10.004
Being in my Personal Development class there has been many success strategies from our On Course textbook. These strategies will be carried on in my life as a guide to my very own personal philosophy of success. After careful consideration the four most appropriate On Course success strategies that will be best of use to achieve success will be to discover self-motivation, master self-management, adopt lifelong learning, and accept personal responsibility. Success is everything you make it out to be, it is accomplishments of your own set of goals and dreams you wish to achieve.
R. J. Dolan, Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior, Science 8 November 2002: 298 (5596), 1191-1194. [DOI:10.1126/science.1076358]