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Influences of psychology
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In cities, suburban areas and even small towns, people are fearful and concerned that violence has permeated the fabric of their communities and degraded the quality of their lives (Albert J. Reiss). There is aggression everyday and it can be seen in all different forms. Where ever you go there will be some type of aggression. While doing research, I learned new things about psychological aggression and affects aggression has on people.
The Milgram experiment can show you how psychological affects the humans nature on aggression. This experiment showed how when person when they were not near the learner, shocked them more than if they could see them. On Curiosity, a documentary, there was an episode called “how evil are you?” which showed exactly what Yale university psychologist Stanley Milgram did during his experiment (Roth).
The only thing that the documentary did that was not in the original experiment is that they added another step. The added step consisted of another teacher, whom was an actor just like the learner, that at a certain point would quit and step aside and the other teacher would have to take over. This showed that people influence each others psychological aggression to other people (Roth).
Even decades later, both experiments had the same results. The documentary has also shown how our own psychological genes have an effect on our aggression. It goes on and shows that a person’s DNA has a gene that tells how psychologically aggressive they can be, in other words psychopath (Roth).
In a sample of 991 parents in 1995, by the age of 2, 90% of them reported of using one or more forms of psychological aggression within 12 months with 98% by the age of 5. The most used psychological aggression that...
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...ely be aggressive towards others (Patterson & others, 1967 as cited in Myers).
In conclusion, psychological aggression affects behaviors on all people. Some people are more prone to it than others. There are suggestions that can help people to be overcome with aggression, but with complexity of aggression causes and the difficulty of controlling them (Myers, 2012).
Works Cited
Albert J. Reiss, J. a. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 3:.
Glomb, T. M. (2003). Interpersonal Aggression in Work Groups. Academy of Management , 486-496.
Green, R. G. (2001). Human Aggression.
John E. Lochman, N. R. Anger and Aggression.
Murray A. Straus and Carolyn J, F. (n.d.). Psychological Aggression by American Parents:.
Myers, D. G. (2012). Exploring Social Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill.
Roth, Eli. 30 October 2011. How evil are you, episode 13. Curiosity.
The experiment began with Milgram placing an advertisement in the local newspaper to recruit volunteers for his experiment. The experiment began with the introduction of the other participant, the other participant being an ally of Milgram’s. Afterwards, each participant would draw straws to decide which role they would take up, the “teacher” or the “learner.” However, the decision was always fixed so that the participant would always end up being the teacher. The learner would then be strapped to an electric chair by the teacher and would have a list of words read to him to be
In 1961, Stanley Milgram, an assistant professor of psychology at Yale University wanted to study and observe how people would react to authority if asked to continue on a task even if it meant hurting another human being. The experiment first began at night in a small shadowy room. For the experiment, it required three people, there was first the volunteer which was a random person from the street who was considered the teacher in the experiment. Then their was the two actors who Milgram had payed them to be in the experiment, one of the two actors was the leaner who was strapped to the electric
Neurotransmitters have been suggested as a significant cause of aggressive behavior. Hans Brunner, a geneticist at the University Hospital in Nijmegen, has found that the violent male members of the Dutch family mentioned earlier in this paper, lacked a gene that produces monoamine oxidase-a (MAOA) (4). MAOA is an enzyme that breaks down significant transmitters in the brain. If the MAOA does not break down these transmitters - specifically, serotonin - then buildup of serotonin will occur and could cause a person to act violently (3).
A former Yale psychologist, Stanley Milgram, administered an experiment to test the obedience of "ordinary" people as explained in his article, "The Perils of Obedience". An unexpected outcome came from this experiment by watching the teacher administer shocks to the learner for not remembering sets of words. By executing greater shocks for every wrong answer created tremendous stress and a low comfort levels within the "teacher", the one being observed unknowingly, uncomfortable and feel the need to stop. However, with Milgram having the experimenter insisting that they must continue for the experiments purpose, many continued to shock the learner with much higher voltages.The participants were unaware of many objects of the experiment until
With the different style and voice of tone, Parker explained the effects of the experiment from almost everyone’s involved in the experiment point of view. He also showed how the experiment affected Milgram not the just the subjects like Baumrind. However, Both of the writers had a same point, which is that people do what they think in it right this is why they are obedient and that makes Milgram’s experiment not quite accurate because the teacher was constantly worried about the
Those participating were also led to believe that their contribution went to a worthy cause – to advance knowledge and understanding of learning processes. They were also told that the victim (the learner), was taking part voluntarily meaning they had an obligation to fulfill even if it became unpleasant (also applies to the teacher). Additionally, the volunteers were being paid, which created a further sense of commitment to the investigation. Those who took part also had little knowledge about how psychological experiments ran, as Milgram’s study was most likely the first one they ever partook in. Therefore, they had little knowledge about the rights and expectations of the situation, and felt more confined than if they had been through a similar experience prior.
One of the most researched topics in the history of psychology is aggression. One goal of social scientists has been to define aggression. Some believe that aggression is biologically preprogrammed, others look toward situational factors and this study suggests that aggression is learned. This study was conducted by Albert Bandura and his associates in 1961 at Stanford University. The researchers proposed that the children be exposed to adult models with either aggressive or nonaggressive ways, they would then be tested without the models present to determine if they would imitate that aggression they observed in the adult.
Aggression is defined as any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm according to Baumeister & Bushman (2014). A study was conducted in 1967 by Leonard Berkowitz and Anthony LePage, to determine whether the presence of weapons would elicit aggressive behavior from an individual (Baumeister & Bushman, 2014). They hypothesized that participants were likely to associate weapons, particularly firearms, to aggression and violence, which would cause observing a weapon to elicit an aggressive response. The experiment determined that the presence of weapon can elicit an aggressive response from people ready to act aggressively. In the study, participants were shocked up to seven times then given the opportunity to
In finding that people are not naturally aggressive. Milgram now alters the experiment to find out why do people act the way they do. He compiled the experiment to answer, why do people obey authority, even when the actions are against their own morals.
One of the examples that the author uses to support her theory is an experiment conducted by psychologist Stanley Milgram. This experiment helps to show how each individual
...f Violent Video Games on Aggression: Is it More Than Just the Violence? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 55-62.
Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710–722.
Such as in The Crucible when Mary tries to convince the court that the other girls are lying to the court about the many people accused for witchcraft. She, in the end, flees from John Proctor and falsely proclaims to the people of Salem that he is a witch himself because she knows she is now vulnerable to being arrested for lying to the court. No matter what time period this is going on. The Milgram Experiment is a demonstration that shows people will obey authority simply because they are the authority and won't do the right thing because the authority told them what the right thing is. countless teachers are put to the test. The experimenter would instruct the teacher, which is shocking the ?learner?, that they must read a series of questions that the ?learner? must answer, if the question is wrong, the teacher must shock him and increase the voltage while sitting in a separated room. In reality the ?learner? is an actor, which will be unharmed. The real experiment is how long the teachers will continue as instructed to cause pain to the actor.
Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted an experiment exploring the reason behind the determination of the Germans to take part in the genocide during World War II. The experiment involved members of the audience questioning a man (a hired actor) connected to an electric-shock generator. Each time he answered a question wrong, the person in charge of the query would electrocute the man. The results revealed that although the man displayed agonizing pain (even though it was fake), the subjects continued to execute their victim. Similar to the despotic behaviour of the colonizer, the subjects demonstrated an indifference to their actions when they were faced with the conflict of obeying authority versus personal conscience.
can lead to long term mental health issues, often times worse than aggression. In early childhood,