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Organizational citizenship behavior
Organizational citizenship behavior
Organizational citizenship behavior
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In this case, Tony Azzara was sufficiently motivated and able but the behavior patterns he exhibited towards Hickling Associates and in his personal life declined after a year of work, on account of several external factors that negated the original enthusiasm he felt for the job. MARS Model of Individual Behavior The causative factors that led to the case problem can be succintly and comprehensively illustrated by the application of the MARS Model of Individual Behavior. This model tenders a rationale behind the behavioral outcomes exhibited by employees in an organization by identifying four primary factors as the determinants for the same - Motivation, Ability, Role Perceptions and Situational Factors. The gradual disconnect between Tony Azzara and Hickling Associates can be explained exhaustively using the MARS model. With a sustained period of success, repute and industry competence behind him, Tony was an extremely self-motivated person. Additionally, the job offer made by James Hickling (especially the degree of authority and challenge the role implied as well as the lucrative bonus possibilities it assured) further enhanced Tony’s enthusiasm to work as a seafood seller with Hickling Associates. Also, Tony Azzara’s past experience at Pisces Ltd. that made him a respected trader within the industry is a clear demontsration of his abilities. He worked diligently to make and maintain industry contacts through personal meetings and showed skill in procuring and converting leads. The positive consequences of Tony’s motivation and ability were negated by the unfavorable external factors that he faced at Hickling Associates. Role Perception refers to an employee’s understanding of his/her job and its scope and significance. Dur... ... middle of paper ... ...er a decade, Tony Azzara experienced a severe culture shock when he joined Hickling Associates, an organization that was flexible, casual and more sociable than Pisces. Adequate culture coaching to orient Tony to Hickling’s work norms could have prevented the alienation and discomfort he felt. Conclusion This paper examined the various company mechanisms operating at Hickling Associates that led to a major decline in the behavior of an extremely competent employee, as well as the organizational behavior concepts that can be applied in this context to restore the situation and re-motivate Tony Azzara. A meticulous integration of organizational citizenship, culture training, distributively just compensation and proper goal-setting is recommended in order to regain the intial degree of loyalty, job-satisfaction, competence and enthusiasm demonstrated by Tony Azzara.
There are many different causal reasons for the existence of this problem with employee satisfaction and morale. In this paper, I will address what I believe to be the most important factors that contribute to this problem. This employee satisfaction problem, and its causal and symptomatic problems, impacts the department in many ways. For example, we have lost valuable employees resulting in unnecessary attrition. There is a loss in productivity that results from the time and energy that many employees spend dealing with components and symptoms of the individual problems. This wasted t...
Motivational theories can be applied in a multitude of situations, but in this case the problems that must be resolved include poor morale, low performance levels, and frequent absences. After speaking with the employees it was found that none of them cared about their performance in the workplace. To properly address these issues, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, McClelland’s Theory, and McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y can be applied. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory can be used to improve working conditions and decrease employee dissatisfaction. Doing so would potentially motivate employees to perform better in the workplace and be more inclined to be involved in the job. Applying McClelland’s Theory would allow for the employees three basic categories
“Without change there is no innovation, creativity, or incentive for improvement. Those who initiate change will have a better opportunity to manage the change that is inevitable.” William Pollard’s, a 20th century physicist, words show us the power of being proactive, and igniting change to strengthen a company’s productive climate (Sellers, Boone, Harper, 2011). Acme Airlines flight attendants lacked incentive to improve the quality of their work, as a result of distrustful management and overall frustration within the company. Acme took successful steps to rebuild their FA program into a more relationship oriented work environment. Through an understanding of effective leadership, we will use the
Kinicki, A., and Fugate, M. Organizational Behavior: Key Concepts, Skills, & Best Practices (5th Edition). McGraw-Hill. ISBN-10: 0078137209/ISBN-13: 978-0078137204, 79-124, 2011.
This case study was about the president of Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, a restaurant chain specializing in seafood, whose practice structure and secret to success was to have and maintain minimal management turnover. In fact, his focus on turnover was so successful that he did not have a general manager leave for 3 years, and he has decreased management turnover from 36% to 16% in 2 years. The motivation of an organization’s employees significantly affects it success. Additionally, employee turnover, absenteeism, and tardiness weaken employee productivity.
“Culture can become a “secret weapon” that makes extraordinary things happen” (Katzenbach, J. n.d)’s In recognition of a talent retention problem, (Late 1990’s) Bubba Gump Shrimp set out to two goal’s, 1). Improving unit level management retention and 2) Increasing same store sales. (Aamondt, M. 2012) The tasks to achieve these two goals required a change for the status quo, create a culture all employees could embrace, reinvent the hiring process to attract the right individuals and empower the teams to succeed.
Robbins , Stephen P. and Judge, Timothy, A. Organizational Behavior. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Prentice Hall. Pearson Custom Publishing. 2008 Print
Being the lack of career development programmes the main reason for employees to leave the company more in detail issues were identified:
Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A., (2004). Organizational Behavior (6th ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill/Irwin. pp. 406- 441.
Moreover, job performance, education, knowledge, and training tend to mold each individual in a distinctive way and unfortunately, some personalities just do not mix. For instance, it is obvious that some of the senior partners just did not agree with Mike Roth’s personality and aggressive nature, which caused a colossal clash within the firm. Informal deficiencies occur when there is some sort of break down in communications in regards to any type of workplace environment.
This can be explained using expectancy theory which states that “individuals act depending on whether their effort will lead to good performance, whether good performance will be followed by a given outcome, and whether the outcome is attractive to them.” The key relationship in expectancy theory that would explain customer’s frustration with Dan is the Performance-Reward Relationship, or Instrumentality, which is links the effort an individual will put into their work to an extrinsic reward. A customer and manager like Brian Canlis or Steve Duffield sees that Dan is offering a substantially high extrinsic reward, one that they cannot replicate. For instance, Steve states “We can’t afford to do that…employees are the biggest expense, and they need to manage those costs to survive.” Because these managers cannot match the expenses, the coefficient ‘I’ for instrumentality in the formula motivational force equates expectancy, instrumentality, and valence would become much lower, especially when comparing their organizational rewards to that of the employees of Gravity. This lower coefficient according to expectancy theory would demotivate employees in other firms, making managers’ jobs
Kolb, D. A., Osland, J. S., Rubin, I. M., & Turner, M. E. (2007). The Organizational Behavior
The culture of appreciating employees for their hard work and achievements by incentives shows how the organization values their employees. Lincoln believed “Status is of great importance in all human relationships. The greatest incentive that money has, usually, is that is it a symbol of success... The resulting status is the real incentive... Money alone can be an incentive to the miser only. There must be complete honesty and understanding between the hourly worker and management if high efficiency is to be obtained”. This shows how harmoniously the labor and management have to work together to produce
George, J.M. & Jones, G. R.(2005). Understanding and managing organizational behavior (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing.
The goal of nearly every company or organization is to motivate those involved towards a unified vision and or goal. When an organization is able to identify the major individual variables that influence work behavior, they can offer an atmosphere that is healthy. Typically, all organizations experience the direct relationship between job satisfaction, and performance. In an effort to maximize the performance of staff within a system it is important to develop an optimal interpersonal chemistry. In order to be most effective, leaders in an organization must have a clear understanding of their employees,