Lab report Q1) Saliva has many important functions in mammals and birds and there are distinct differences in the salivary glands of some species. Describe the anatomical location of the buccal salivary glands in ruminants and describe the function of saliva in the ruminant digestive system. [15 marks] A./ The buccal salivary glands are best developed in the cow. They are arranged into three rows, the dorsal buccal glands, the middle (or lateral) buccal glands and the ventral buccal glands. The dorsal buccal glands are located on the surface of the buccinator muscle. The buccinator muscle lies in front of the masseter muscle which is located on the caudal side of the mandible. The dorsal buccal glands are found below the depresser labii maxillaris muscle (this is the muscle that helps to depress the lips) between the superior labial artery, superior labial vein and the dorsal buccal nerve. …show more content…
http://horsetalk.co.nz/2015/08/06/horses-rich-range-facial-expressions/#ixzz3r5T3VIUi . The facial muscles of the horse. Photo: PLOS ONE/ doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131738.g001 The ventral buccal glands were located on the lateral aspect of horizontal ramus of mandible, dorsal to ventral buccal nerve and ventral to the buccinator nerve and inferior labial vein. The mandible can be divided into the body and the ramus. anatomy of buccal and labial glands in sheep, A.D. Singh, R.K. Jain and Pawan Kumar, Department of Veterinary Anatomy,...... (nabrown
The unknown bacterium that was handed out by the professor labeled “E19” was an irregular and raised shaped bacteria with a smooth texture and it had a white creamy color. The slant growth pattern was filiform and there was a turbid growth in the broth. After all the tests were complete and the results were compared the unknown bacterium was defined as Shigella sonnei. The results that narrowed it down the most were the gram stain, the lactose fermentation test, the citrate utilization test and the indole test. The results for each of the tests performed are listed in Table 1.1 below.
Forensic Science Introduction: Someone in a restaurant has suddenly fallen ill and a mystery powder has been discovered with the victim. As the chief investigator, your duty is to identify the mystery substance through a lab. In this lab, it will consist of five known compounds and one unknown compound. Your job is to distinguish which one out of the five substances is the mystery powder. To figure out the mystery matter you will have to compare their physical and chemical properties and match them with the appropriate compound.
The main similarity between minks and humans in the digestive system is that they both serv...
If you put the gummy bear in Vinegar it will not get bigger also if you buy it in the baking soda it will also not get bigger. The water will make the gummy bear get bigger because of the material that it made by the gummy bear.
mucous layer of the organs in the digestive tract by means of enzymes and acids.
The horse being a hindgut fermenter means is a simple single chambered stomach. The horses stomach is really small compared to the size of the animal, it only makes up 10% of the capacity of the horses digestive system. The horse’s stomach is small as the horse tends to eat small amount every couple of hours, which means they are Foragers. In the horse’s stomach the food is mixed with pepsin; this is an enzyme which helps to break down proteins; hydrochloric acids which will help to break down solid particles. Also in the horse’s stomach are bacteria which help to produce lactic acid. Whereas the cow is a ruminant which means they have a four compartment stomach. The cow has 4 chambers of the stomach theses are called rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. The cow can also re-chew its food this is also known as chewing the cud. The rumen is the largest of the four compartments; this compartment is divided in to several sacs. It can hold up to 25 gallons of water depending on the cow. The rumen acts as the storage vat for food; this is because of the size of the rumen. The rumen absorbs volatile fatty acids and some other product which digestion has increases by the good blood supply to the walls of rumens. The PH value of the rumen is 6-7. The reticulum is a pouch like structure in the front part of the cow’s body cavity. It lies very close to the cow’s heart. It has a honeycomb appearance. In here there is no enzymes
Mold is a member of the fungi family. Since mold is part of the fungi family, it cannot use the sun to obtain energy. This means that mold has to use other plants or animals to grow. Even though they cannot see them, there are millions of mold spores in the air. These spores settle down and start to multiply which can be done rapidly or slowly as long as it has a food source. Mold usually grows best in warm environments, but it can still grow in cold environments also. Mold can cause illness such as vomiting or feeling nauseated when it is eaten or when it smells bad.
It can be suggested that the foregut fermenters of the marsupials are very similar to the eutherian ruminants, as both types of adaptations are designed to increase fiber digestibility and increase nutrient absorption. However, there are many major differences between the two groups. Ruminants have developed a four-chambered stomach system, which is not seen in the marsupials, as well as a rumination cycle which allows for the rechewing of previously ingested meals. While regurgitation may be evident in marsupials, it is, however, not analogous to rumination, and is instead called “merycism.”...
LAB REPORT 1st Experiment done in class Introduction: Agarose gel electrophoresis separates molecules by their size, shape, and charge. Biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins, are some examples. Buffered samples such as glycerol and glucose are loaded into a gel. An electrical current is placed across the gel.
-Common pattern exostosis usually located above the mylohyoid line adjacent to the bicuspids. Typically bilateral and consist of lamellar bone with an occasional overlay of cancellous bone. Some believe it’s hereditary with an increased prevalence in early adult males who possess increase masticatory stresses. Some tori have been known to resorb and remodel as stresses decrease with age. Treatment is not necessary unless it interferes with prosthetic appliances.
The results of this experiment are that when comparing the average mandible length between carnivores and herbivores, the herbivores had the longer mandible length on average. Furthermore, when comparing the average eye length between herbivores and carnivores, the carnivores had larger eyes on average. In Figures 1 and 2 the x-axis represent the two groups of animals being tested and the y-axis represent the average diameter of the length. Figure 1 represents the average mandible length between the two groups of animals. On the same note, the average length of the herbivores mandible length was .806 mm and the average length of the carnivores was .635 mm. Moreover, figure 2 denotes the average eye length between the herbivores and carnivores. Figure 2 displays the average eye length of herbivores which is 0.1579 and the average eye length of the carnivores which is 0.1758. The results of this experiment were that when comparing mandible length between herbivores and carnivores there was a significant
there are about 70-118 groves along the throat which help with sending out water from the
Digestion: Their teeth are not used for ripping/grinding down food like humans. They use the teeth to grab and drag their prey or to drown them and then swallow them whole. The food is slowly broken down with stomach acids and released to the intestine and released from the cloaca (they don’t have a bladder so it just goes straight out the cloaca which is an opening to the outside of their body)
The buccal strength and musculature provide tension and prevent
Perhaps one of the most visible animal body defense mechanism is the sharp teeth found in carnivores. Other than their usual use in tearing and chewing meat, sharp teeth are used in defense. The presence of large te...