The results of this experiment are that when comparing the average mandible length between carnivores and herbivores, the herbivores had the longer mandible length on average. Furthermore, when comparing the average eye length between herbivores and carnivores, the carnivores had larger eyes on average. In Figures 1 and 2 the x-axis represent the two groups of animals being tested and the y-axis represent the average diameter of the length. Figure 1 represents the average mandible length between the two groups of animals. On the same note, the average length of the herbivores mandible length was .806 mm and the average length of the carnivores was .635 mm. Moreover, figure 2 denotes the average eye length between the herbivores and carnivores. Figure 2 displays the average eye length of herbivores which is 0.1579 and the average eye length of the carnivores which is 0.1758. The results of this experiment were that when comparing mandible length between herbivores and carnivores there was a significant …show more content…
This is true because our p value for mandible length was .0000825. Based upon this information our hypothesis can be supported that diet does determine mandible length. Moreover, we concluded that there was no significant difference in eye length between herbivores and carnivores. This was established based upon the T-test value of .63559 being greater than .05. These calculations prove that our hypothesis that diet determines eye size is incorrect. This study demonstrates that diet does play a role when looking at mandible length. In addition, the study exemplified that eating a carnivorous diet leads to a shorter jaw length with respect to total skull length. This is due to the fact that carnivore have a stronger bite force in order to eat their prey. However, this study also determines that eye size is not effected by
According to Authority Nutrition, Carb Cutters block 50-65% of carb-digesting enzymes.(“What Are Carb Blockers”). How accurate is this statistic? In a recent study I participated in, I studied whether Carb Cutter prevents amylase from digesting starch. Carb Cutter is used to block starch from digesting in the body. Normally, starch is broken down by the enzyme amylase into glucose. However, when Carb Cutter is used, it prevents the function of the enzyme amylase, causing starch not to be digested into glucose. Many times Carb Cutters are used to help with weight loss since it is claimed to stop starch from being digested. However, there may be some suspicion on whether or not Carb Cutters actually work or if they are just a fraud. My experiment studied whether or not Carb Cutters actually work and how effective they really are.
In this observation, the purpose is to understand ethology, which is the study of how an animal’s
If you put the gummy bear in Vinegar it will not get bigger also if you buy it in the baking soda it will also not get bigger. The water will make the gummy bear get bigger because of the material that it made by the gummy bear.
Lerner, E. and Lerner, B., 2008. Giraffes and okapi. The Gale Encyclopedia of Science 4
Thyroid and metabolism hormones play a large role in the daily lives of all living species. Thyroid hormones regulate the metabolism and the metabolism is responsible for maintaining a specific range for the biochemical reactions that occur in the body (Martini 2014). The most important hormone for metabolic maintenance is thyroxine (T4). This hormone also plays a large role in body heat regulation. It is produced by the pituitary gland and secreted by the thyroid gland. The thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) must trigger the thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) to release thyroid hormones to the thyroid gland. These hormones are under control of the hypothalamus, or main neural control center. Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a medication used to treat
The relationship of the three species and their ancestors can be summarized by looking at the fossils above. It is evident that all of these three species possess fangs and other types of sharp, prominent teeth. These analogous features indicate that there is some similarity in ancestry, since they all form part of the same family group, although they come from different genus. However, there is some difference in the shape of the head. The coyote possesses a straighter jaw and more angular head. The wolf, on the other side, has a wider denture similar to the fox. These three species also share Homologous structures, such as fangs, are present in these species. Another homologous structure is the legs and ribs, since they all have a similar
Deborah L. Duffy, Yuying Hsu, James A. Serpell ,Applied Animal Behavior Science - 1 December 2008 (Vol. 114, Issue 3, Pages 441-460, DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006)
Feder and Park present a list of traits that are used by paleoanthropologists to distinguish the appearance of skeletal features and characterize these changes over time. Th...
People often associate brain size with intelligence, a larger brain is necessary for better intelligence. Through observation of both Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, it is seen that it is not the case but the size of the frontal lobe is what matters most. Neanderthals have a large braincase, no forehead, brow ridge, a projecting face and no chin. Their teeth are large, having large incisors, large jaws and a retro molar space. Being part of a colder environment, these traits were beneficiary and changed their diet. Neanderthals required a lot of energy and therefore their diet was heavy in meat. Their large teeth helped them consume meat much easier than those who had smaller teeth. Being small and stocky, their large skull was mainly for balance since they did not have a forehead, where the frontal lobe is, they did not have the same level of intelligence as Homo sapiens but had better vision, smell, and hearing which is essential to their
"They that give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." -- Benjamin Franklin, 1759
...e. "A Hypothesis to Explain the Role of Meat-Eating in Human Evolution." Www.cnr.berkely.edu. 4 Feb. 2001. Web. .
For years studies and observations have been made on the relationship between body size and physical orientation of an animal. In 1847 Carl Bergmann was one of the first to do observations with this phenomenon (Dictionary of Theories 2002). Bergmann noticed that warm-blooded animals living at climates high in latitude are bigger in size than those living in climates of lower latitudes (Dictionary of Theories 2002). Research has shown there is a correlation of surface area to volume in animals that are located in different parts of the globe. Animals living in a cooler climate have a larger volume, but decreased surface area to retain as much body heat as possible. The inverse is true for animals living in warmer regions; these animals have a smaller volume and larger surface area to allow the body to cool efficiently (McNab 1971). Bergmann’s rule has brought valuable insight into the study of character traits and how we identify where animals originated. One example that I came across is with the Andean passerine bird, a study was done in 1991 by G. R. Graves. He noticed the size of ...
The increase in brain size may be related to changes in hominine behavior (See figure 3). The third major trend in hominine development is the gradual decrease in the size of the face and teeth. According to the Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia ’98, the fossil evidence for direct ancestors of modern humans is divided into the category Australopithecus and Homo, and begins about 5 million years ago (See figure 1). Between 7 and 20 million years ago, primitive apelike animals were widely distributed on the African and, later, on the Eurasian continents (See figure 2). Although many fossil bones and teeth have been found, the way of life of these creatures, and their evolutionary relationships to the living apes and humans, remain matters of active discussion among scientists.
The first step was to obtain the White Rat and to tie it in the supine position, anterior surface facing up in side the dissection pan. To tie the animal, we used butcher’s twine and secured the front and hinds legs using a “lasso” technique, careful not touch the sharp claws. To make the first insicion I had to locate the Xifoid Process of the rat (distal aspect of the sternum). Once I had located the Xifoid Process, I had to use forceps to pull the skin of the animal’s abdomen up and use the scissors to cut. The first incision is made from stem to sternum, cutting through the errectos abdomen muscle down to the groin. The second incision ion is perpendicular to the first below the diaphragm. Because of this technique we were able to open the abdominal cavity first. The third and forth incisions were made bilaterally above the legs. The last two incisions were made in upside down “V” shape on the collarbone, to expose the thoracic cavity. This dissection was both sharp, because of the use of the scissors and scapel and blunt because of the use of the probe and forceps to move organs and skin to expose other organs not yet identified.
Sikes, Roberts. and William L. Gannon. "Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research." Journal of Mammalogy 92.1 (Feb. 2011): 235-253. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 5 Oct. 2011.