Abstract/Background:
In the lab the isopods were observed in a way to where behavior and structures could be properly recorded. The isopods were revealed to two dissimilar scenarios, normal temperature water vs. warm temperature water, to calculate which environment was most preferred. In each distinct scenario ten isopods were placed ten a choice chamber, one side being normal temperature (26.7celsius) and the other being warm temperature (43.3 celsius) , and observed for a total of ten minutes with thirty second intervals which was when we recorded our observations. After observations, it was seen that normal conditions was the most preferred environment by the isopods. In the scenario the Isopods exhibited taxis behavior, which is behavior caused by factors such as light, temperature, water and such. Nothing physical, but rather environmental.
Problem:
In this observation, the purpose is to understand ethology, which is the study of how an animal’s
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behavior is a result of an environment. This behavior is categorized as orientation. Hypothesis: If isopods are exposed to normal and warm temperatures then the normal temperature will be preferred. Materials: Ten Isopods Warm/Normal Temperature Water Timer Filter paper Paint brush Petri dish Connected chamber Microscope Pipette Procedure: Place isopods in a petri dish and observe for ten minutes with thirty-second intervals. Note all observations that make up the isopods. Sketch down a drawing of an isopod. Place filter paper on each side of the connected chamber. Create the environment by adding warm water (43.3 celsius) and normal temperature water (26.7celsius) to each of the filter papers with a pipette. Set down the isopods into the choice chambers, five on each side, and begin observations. Record the change of isopods in each chamber every thirty seconds for a total time of ten minutes. Data/Results: General Observations Most isopods moved over to the normal temperature Moved as a group Moved quickly They all went on their back at least once, and it seemed as if they were all trying to help each other flip back Antennas were used to interact with one another. Physical Characteristics Seven legs on each side (14 total) Two antennas Many shell rolls Males (white spot below the abdomen) Purplish shell color Light purple body color Average isopod number in normal temperature conditions= 6.86 Average isopod number in warm temperature conditions= 3.14 Error Analysis: A larger sample size would be more accurate. The larger the sample size, the more likely the data is bound to better represent isopod behavior. In addition, longer periods of observation could have aided . An error could also have been temperature measurements and isopod numbers, along with other tool malfunctions. Conclusion/Discussion Isopod behaviors were observed and investigates in this lab. After results, it was concluded that isopods prefer normal temperature conditions over warm conditions. We created these environments by adding water onto filter papers with the accounted for temperature measurements. The reason for the results could be seen in a usual isopod environment, it is usually dark, fresh, and moist, and the normal water temperature being the closest to that was the reason for their choosing. The Isopods seemed to locate the appropriate environment by the use of their antennas. For the investigation the normal water and warm water temperatures were independent variables. The observations were the control. The isopods behavior served as the dependent variables. The isopod behavior would be classified as movement in response to a cooler temperature environment taxis. All in all the hypothesis, “If the isopods are exposed to normal and warm temperatures then the normal temperature will be preferred” proved to be correct. Abstract/Background: In the lab the isopods were observed in a way to where behavior and structures could be properly recorded. The isopods were revealed to two dissimilar scenarios, normal temperature water vs. warm temperature water, to calculate which environment was most preferred. In each distinct scenario ten isopods were placed ten a choice chamber, one side being normal temperature (26.7celsius) and the other being warm temperature (43.3 celsius) , and observed for a total of ten minutes with thirty second intervals which was when we recorded our observations. After observations, it was seen that normal conditions was the most preferred environment by the isopods. In the scenario the Isopods exhibited taxis behavior, which is behavior caused by factors such as light, temperature, water and such. Nothing physical, but rather environmental. Problem: In this observation, the purpose is to understand ethology, which is the study of how an animal’s behavior is a result of an environment. This behavior is categorized as orientation. Hypothesis: If isopods are exposed to normal and warm temperatures then the normal temperature will be preferred. Materials: Ten Isopods Warm/Normal Temperature Water Timer Filter paper Paint brush Petri dish Connected chamber Microscope Pipette Procedure: Place isopods in a petri dish and observe for ten minutes with thirty-second intervals. Note all observations that make up the isopods. Sketch down a drawing of an isopod. Place filter paper on each side of the connected chamber. Create the environment by adding warm water (43.3 celsius) and normal temperature water (26.7celsius) to each of the filter papers with a pipette. Set down the isopods into the choice chambers, five on each side, and begin observations. Record the change of isopods in each chamber every thirty seconds for a total time of ten minutes. Data/Results: General Observations Most isopods moved over to the normal temperature Moved as a group Moved quickly They all went on their back at least once, and it seemed as if they were all trying to help each other flip back Antennas were used to interact with one another. Physical Characteristics Seven legs on each side (14 total) Two antennas Many shell rolls Males (white spot below the abdomen) Purplish shell color Light purple body color Average isopod number in normal temperature conditions= 6.86 Average isopod number in warm temperature conditions= 3.14 Error Analysis: A larger sample size would be more accurate. The larger the sample size, the more likely the data is bound to better represent isopod behavior. In addition, longer periods of observation could have aided . An error could also have been temperature measurements and isopod numbers, along with other tool malfunctions. Conclusion/Discussion Isopod behaviors were observed and investigates in this lab.
After results, it was concluded that isopods prefer normal temperature conditions over warm conditions. We created these environments by adding water onto filter papers with the accounted for temperature measurements. The reason for the results could be seen in a usual isopod environment, it is usually dark, fresh, and moist, and the normal water temperature being the closest to that was the reason for their choosing. The Isopods seemed to locate the appropriate environment by the use of their antennas. For the investigation the normal water and warm water temperatures were independent variables. The observations were the control. The isopods behavior served as the dependent variables. The isopod behavior would be classified as movement in response to a cooler temperature environment taxis. All in all the hypothesis, “If the isopods are exposed to normal and warm temperatures then the normal temperature will be preferred” proved to be
correct. In the lab the isopods were observed in a way to where behavior and structures could be properly recorded. The isopods were revealed to two dissimilar scenarios, normal temperature water vs. warm temperature water, to calculate which environment was most preferred. In each distinct scenario ten isopods were placed ten a choice chamber, one side being normal temperature (26.7celsius) and the other being warm temperature (43.3 celsius) , and observed for a total of ten minutes with thirty second intervals which was when we recorded our observations. After observations, it was seen that normal conditions was the most preferred environment by the isopods. In the scenario the Isopods exhibited taxis behavior, which is behavior caused by factors such as light, temperature, water and such. Nothing physical, but rather environmental. Problem: In this observation, the purpose is to understand ethology, which is the study of how an animal’s behavior is a result of an environment. This behavior is categorized as orientation. Hypothesis: If isopods are exposed to normal and warm temperatures then the normal temperature will be preferred. Materials: Ten Isopods Warm/Normal Temperature Water Timer Filter paper Paint brush Petri dish Connected chamber Microscope Pipette Procedure: Place isopods in a petri dish and observe for ten minutes with thirty-second intervals. Note all observations that make up the isopods. Sketch down a drawing of an isopod. Place filter paper on each side of the connected chamber. Create the environment by adding warm water (43.3 celsius) and normal temperature water (26.7celsius) to each of the filter papers with a pipette. Set down the isopods into the choice chambers, five on each side, and begin observations. Record the change of isopods in each chamber every thirty seconds for a total time of ten minutes. Data/Results: General Observations Most isopods moved over to the normal temperature Moved as a group Moved quickly They all went on their back at least once, and it seemed as if they were all trying to help each other flip back Antennas were used to interact with one another. Physical Characteristics Seven legs on each side (14 total) Two antennas Many shell rolls Males (white spot below the abdomen) Purplish shell color Light purple body color Average isopod number in normal temperature conditions= 6.86 Average isopod number in warm temperature conditions= 3.14 Error Analysis: A larger sample size would be more accurate. The larger the sample size, the more likely the data is bound to better represent isopod behavior. In addition, longer periods of observation could have aided . An error could also have been temperature measurements and isopod numbers, along with other tool malfunctions. Conclusion/Discussion Isopod behaviors were observed and investigates in this lab. After results, it was concluded that isopods prefer normal temperature conditions over warm conditions. We created these environments by adding water onto filter papers with the accounted for temperature measurements. The reason for the results could be seen in a usual isopod environment, it is usually dark, fresh, and moist, and the normal water temperature being the closest to that was the reason for their choosing. The Isopods seemed to locate the appropriate environment by the use of their antennas. For the investigation the normal water and warm water temperatures were independent variables. The observations were the control. The isopods behavior served as the dependent variables. The isopod behavior would be classified as movement in response to a cooler temperature environment taxis. All in all the hypothesis, “If the isopods are exposed to normal and warm temperatures then the normal temperature will be preferred” proved to be correct.
I hypothesized that sowbugs preferred damp soil, to dry, because moisture was the perceived causative agent. I observed that the sowbugs spent more time on the damp soil, rather than the dry soil (Table 1). The sowbugs spent 85% of their observed time on the damp soil side of the experimental chamber (Table 1). These results support my hypothesis, because they suggest that moisture of soil determines where sowbugs will prefer to spend their time (Table 1).
The Artemia franciscana can survive in extreme conditions of salinity, water depth, and temperature (Biology 108 laboratory manual, 2010), but do A. franciscana prefer these conditions or do they simply cope with their surroundings? This experiment explored the extent of the A. franciscanas preference towards three major stimuli: light, temperature, and acidity. A. franciscana are able to endure extreme temperature ranges from 6 ̊ C to 40 ̊ C, however since their optimal temperature for breeding is about room temperature it can be inferred that the A. franciscana will prefer this over other temperatures (Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). This is much the same in regards to acidity as Artemia franciscana, in general thrive in saline lakes, can survive pH ranges between 7 and 10 with 8 being ideal for cysts(eggs) to hatch (Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). Based on this fact alone the tested A. franciscana should show preference to higher pH levels. In nature A. franciscana feed by scraping food, such as algae, of rocks and can be classified as a bottom feeder; with this said, A. franciscana are usually located in shallow waters. In respect to the preference of light intensity, A. franciscana can be hypothesized to respond to light erratically (Fox, 2001; Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). Using these predictions, and the results of the experimentation on the A. franciscana and stimuli, we will be able to determine their preference towards light, temperature, and pH.
T. californicus is found from Alaska to Baja in small, shallow tidepools and tidal flats in the upper spray zone where they cannot avoid the full effect of visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Individuals assemble in areas of lower radiation at midday, yet have no preference to the intensity of light at dawn and dusk (Hartline and Macmillan 1995). These tiny arthropods inhabit all types of marine sediments from sand to fine mud and ooze. Along with plankton, T. californicus eats microscopic algae, protists, bacteria, diatoms, algae and microbes (McGroarty 1958). When the concentrations of the species in their habitats are high, T. californicus will turn to cannibalism for a food source. The nautilus eye present in the species is rich with fatty acids and provides a good food source for the animal.
Deborah L. Duffy, Yuying Hsu, James A. Serpell ,Applied Animal Behavior Science - 1 December 2008 (Vol. 114, Issue 3, Pages 441-460, DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006)
The protozoan commonly known as the “water bear” is an extremophile that has engaged many in the scientific community. The Tardigrade is an invertebrate that has eight legs and comes in many shapes and sizes. This group has many adaptations such as cryptobiosis that allows it to survive in extreme environments. The Tardigrade can be found from land, to water, to sulfur springs, and to over 25 species found in the frozen tundra of Antarctica (Miller et al, 2001). To understand these creatures this paper will summarize the taxonomy, reproduction, food, and protective genetics, of the Tardigrades. The first section to this paper will examine is how these creatures are divided taxonomically.
Moore, Paul. “Agonistic Behavior in Freshwater Crayfish: The Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Aggressive Encounters and Dominance.” 2007. PDF file.
The organism Daphnia magna belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, subphylum Crustacea, and the class Branchiopoda (Ebert, 2005). As planktonic organisms (National Science Teachers Association, 1987), Daphnia are found in “freshwater, temperate environments throughout North America” (National Science Teachers Association, 1987). The Daphnia also contains a pair of antenna located at the top of the head that is used as a method of movement (Ebert, 2005). Due to its transparency, the Daphnia is easily visible through a microscope. The nervous system of Daphnia is rather primitive, containing a cerebral ganglion (Ebert, 2005) which is a nerve cluster containing both afferent and efferent nerves (Chase, 2000). Most environmental changes affecting the
Animalism bases its conclusion on personal identity that the bodies must have the same material body. It fails to address the mind of the bodies at both time t and t*. Also, though the body stays qualitatively identical (same properties); it’s not numerical identical (same substance). Nevertheless, psychological continuity focuses on the mind of the person but not its body. It suggest that
Soon after they take over the farm, the animals create a system called Animalism. Animalism is based on th...
The Chelonia mydas, also known as the Hawaiian green sea turtle, or as Honu here in Hawaii, have roamed the oceans for millions of years. Forty years ago this beautiful species was almost completely removed from this earth, but was saved by the U.S. endangered species act of 1973. These magnificent creatures can now be found in abundance in the coastal strand and open ocean biomes of the North shore in Oahu, Hawaii. The green sea turtles occupy different habitats such as; beaches for nesting, open ocean convergence zones and coastal areas for benthic feeding. Unlike other sea turtles, the Honu don’t only use the beaches for nesting, they use them for thermoregulation in the sun. These green sea turtles have behaviors and characteristics
To sum up, a huge number of Animals is used by people. They are consumed animals for many purposes to spend enjoyable time, and produce Egg, meat, leather, wool and hair. Animal farming sector, furthermore, is the main part of structural farming in worldwide or industrialised countries that they are currently supplying an enormous size and concentrate of infrastructure particular meat in the world. The expression of model animal welfare has some separate meanings in this issue that it is treating the enduring and stress of sensitive animals.
The comparative method is a species that can be studied and compared to the search of understanding human behavior. The physiological outlook elucidate the performance of how the nervous system and hormones reacts to the body, what precedent of the transformations in the structure can affect one’s behavior, and how the brain operates. For example, when a cardiologist operate on someone’s heart. He has the expectation of extending that individual's life (Thomas Spray). Another comparative method utilized is the investigation of inheritance. This technique engages a species inheriting genes from its parents. For instance, when the offspring with dark skin complexion begat blue eyes this trait is hereditary. Each of these biological aspects consisting of the comparative, physiological and the genetic systems explicates human behavior. This dissertation will focus on the brain, the nervous system, and the ways in which these physiological mechanisms interrelate.
When the average person thinks about zoology, they usually think about a zoo and or animals. As said in General Zoology, many questions come with this topic. “What is life? In what ways are the various kinds of animals alike or unlike in structure, internal processes, and modes of life? How do animals carry on their activities? How are the many kinds related to one another? In what ways does man resemble and differ from other living things? The answers to many of these questions are provided by the science of zoology.” (General Zoology, page 3). While zoology does involve animals, the general study of zoology is far more complicated then one would imagine. Zoology is a branch of biology that studies the classification, origins, habitats and behaviors of organisms. Someone who studies zoology is a zoologist, and has the tasks of learning about new species and their habitats. It is a job that if mastered, can be one of the most fulfilling and knowledgeable careers someone can obtain.
DeMello, Margo. Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-animal Studies. New York: Columbia UP, 2012. Print.
" Society & Animals 18.2 (2010): 183-203. Academic Search Premier -. EBSCO. Web. The Web. The Web.