The preparation, initiation, and completion of a successful swallow is dependent upon proper manipulation of the respiratory system and the physiologic components of each of the oropharyngeal phases. The oral preparatory, oral transit, bolus transport, airway protection, and esophageal phases involve the unique coordination of sensory recognition, motor control, and precise timing. Each are unique and equally responsible for success in normal deglutition.
Oral Preparatory Phase
The oral preparatory phase is a voluntary process responsible for preparing and manipulating a bolus, within the oral cavity. The goal is to create a cohesive ball with a consistency which can be safely swallowed. Sensory recognition of food approaching and entering
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During the oral preparatory phase, the bolus enters the mouth, and stimulates the touch, temperature and taste receptors of the tongue and oropharynx (Groher, 2010). The receptors on the tongue provide information regarding volume, viscosity and taste and assist with oroproprioception (Logemann, 2014). The sensation of food within the mouth results in the secretion of saliva. Saliva helps break down the bolus. The motor movement of the oral preparatory phase varies depending up to consistency of the bolus. No matter the consistency, the lips adduct to form a seal and prevent anterior loss. For a liquid bolus, the mandible immediately elevates, and the tongue forms a cup-like shape in which the tip of the tongue is raised and the posterior portion of the tongue makes contact with the soft palate where the bolus is held (Hixon, Weismer, & Hoit, 2014). Additional motor activity is necessary if the presented food requires mastication. Rotary movement of the mandible and tongue is used to crush and grind the food. The tongue is also responsible for holding the bolus on the molars, and manipulating the bolus to form a cohesive ball. The buccal strength and musculature provide tension and prevent
Crunch, Crunch, Crunch. As you munch on those first few Cheetos the digestion process begins in your mouth. Here, mechanical digestion begins to reduce the size of the Cheeto and mixes the food particles with saliva. The tongue helps mix and move the pieces of Cheeto throughout the mouth. The salivary glands in the mouth also contribute to the breakdown of the Cheetos in the mouth. They secrete amylase and mucus. The parotid glands begin chemical digestion on the Cheetos. It secretes a clear, watery fluid that is high in amylase. The enzyme, amylase, begins to breakdown carbohydrates into disaccharides. The other two salivary glands, the submandibular and the sublingual, secrete saliva containing mucus, which binds and lubricates the Cheeto particles for easy swallowing. Now the food has been formed into a bolus with the help of saliva, the tongue, and teeth. Next the bolus travels into the pharynx, where the epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea so no food can enter. Then it moves on to the esophagus, where peristaltic waves push the food toward the stomach. The food enters the stomach through the cardiac sphincter at the end of the esophagus.
The main function of the coccyx is to serve as a place of attachment for some crucial muscles and ligaments. It also serves as a weight-bearing structure along with the...
Ingestion is a process of consuming any product alimentary into our body. By nature the ingestion occurs through the mouth. The food we are ingesting pass throughout the stomach, where stomach acids and enzymes acting. The muscular in our stomach squeezes and mixes the food. After the food into our intestine.
In order for this breakdown to happen, the ‘tube’ through which the food travels requires assistance from a number of other digestive organs starting with the salivary glands, and later receiving
4)Stomach: The stomach squeezes and mixes food with enzymes for hours before it releases the mixture into the small intestine.
Introduction of the The ‘Burpee’ The burpee is an exercise many love to hate, its lactic acid heavy nature often leaves people shattered and gasping for breath. Many see the burpee as the ultimate full body exercise. As a rugby union player, exercises such as the burpee help keep my body in ideal shape and allow me to improve my performance. Strength, body composition and conditioning all play major roles in the efficiency and level of my performance on the field and the burpee enhances all of these components of my fitness.
Merely the smell of food can trigger saliva (LiveScience (3).) For example, the smell of fried chicken, with rice and gravy, and corn bread makes my mouth salivate. As stated earlier, the digestive system is a complex network that is necessary for the digestion and absorption of nutrients. When something is incorrect with the GI Tract, there is a variety of symptoms to know so, such as; abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, vomiting, etc. Most of the symptoms can be avoided or reduced by watching what we eat. (LiveScience (3).) It is important to eat a variety of foods to maintain a well-balanced diet, drink water, and to exercise a minimum of thirty minutes a
...ve eaten, to break down the food into a liquid mixture and to slowly empty that liquid mixture into the small intestine. Once the bolus has entered your stomach it begins to be broken down with the help of the strong muscles and gastric juices which are located in the walls of your stomach. The gastric juices are made up of hydrochloric acid, water, and mucus- and the main enzyme inside of your stomach is what is known as pepsin, which needs to be surrounded in an acidic setting in order to do its job, that is to break down protein. Once the bolus has been inside of your stomach for long enough it begins to form into a liquid called chyme, and what keeps the chyme from flowing back into our esophagus are ring shaped muscles known as sphincters located at the beginnings and ends of the stomach and they have the task of controlling the flow of solids and liquids.
Once in the stomach, the glands that are there begin to secrete enzymes and a mucous that help to protect the stomach from its own acids. While this is being done, the muscles of the stomach are contracting. This causes the food to be turned and moved all throughout the stomach. This process turns the food into chyme, which is just a liquefied version of the food that was first taken...
The pharynx is a large cavity behind the mouth and between the nasal cavity and larynx. The pharynx serves, as an air and food passage but cannot be used for both purposes at the same time, otherwise choking would result. The air is also warmed and moistened further as it passes through the pharynx. The larynx is a short passage connecting the pharynx to the trachea and contains vocal chords. The larynx has a rigid wall and is composed mainly of muscle and cartilage, which help prevent collapse and obstruction of the airway.
The child is at stage three linguistic speech in oral development (Fellows & Oakley, 2014). They show evidence of this in both their receptive and expressive language meeting the criteria for this stage (Fellows & Oakley, 2014). They show evidence of their receptive language by their ability in being able to understand opposites (Fellows & Oakley, 2014). While they had some issues with the differences between soft and scratchy they were able to demonstrate the differences between big and little several times during the dialogue. They showed evidence of their expressive language by their use of telegraphic speech, expanding vocabulary and in the ability to take in turns of speaking and listening (Fellows & Oakley, 2014). Telegraphic
Starting at the oral cavity where food is taken in, it can also be known as the mouth or buccal cavity. It contains the teeth, tongue and salivary glands and its functions are prehension which is
The set that moves side to side are called mandibles, the other set are called Marilee. These jaws chew food into very small pieces. Pieces that the tongue laps up and passes into a pouch below the mouth opening that contains contracting muscles. The muscle action squeezes the liquid out of the pieces of food. Since ants swallow mainly liquids, they spit out what is left of the food.
The human’s sweaty hands grabbed me into his mouth and his unflossed molars grinded me to pieces. The mouth was the gateway to the digestive system. It takes the food (me!) and breaks it down into tiny pieces for energy. Humans have four kinds of teeth:
After the initial assessment of the patient, if the nurse has any concerns regarding the patient’s swallow, it is the nurse’s role to refer that patient to the Speech and Language therapist. On assessment from the Speech and Language therapist they may find that the patient appears to have Dysphagia, which a difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, the Speech and Language therapists may prescribe a Dysphagia diet for such patients. A Dysphagia diet is highly individualised and involves modifications to food textures and fluid viscosity, foods may have to be chopped, minced and fluids may need to be thickened (Coxall et al., 2008). It is important that Dysphagia is addressed as there is a high risk of coughing and choking associated with it. Dysphagia can also lead to Aspiration pneumonia which is a chest infection which can develop from accidentally inhaling something such as food particles, it can cause irritation to the lungs or it can damage them (Nhs.uk, 2016). The Nurse must also liaise with the occupational therapist if required. The occupational therapist focuses of maximizing an individual’s ability to engage in all aspects of daily living. Eating and Drinking been an important activity in everyone’s day to day life, occupational therapy may be needed for this patient to meet their nutritional requirements. Occupational therapy in terms of nutrition may involve coaching the patient’s progress in oral feeding or the transition from tube feeding, designing equipment in the environment to support feeding or designing behavioural modifications to manage behavioural feeding difficulties, educating the patient, families, caregivers, and other health professional in food selection, preparation,