In this experiment the effects of blood vessel radius and blood pressure on glomerular filtration was experimented. The effect of decreasing the afferent arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate is as the glomerular capillary pressure decreased; the filtration rate decreased. The effect of increasing the afferent arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate is as the glomerular capillary pressure increased; the filtration rate increased. The effect of decreasing the afferent arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate is as the glomerular capillary pressure increased; the filtration rate increased. The effect of increasing the afferent arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate is that glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate decreased
In this activity Effects of Arteriole Radius on Glomerular Filtration was recorded with valve opened and closed when blood pressure changed. When the one-way valve between the collecting duct and the urinary bladder was closed the filtrate pressure in Bowman’s capsule (was not directly measured) and the GFR pressure stayed the same and glomerular filtration decreased. Increasing the systemic blood pressure stayed the same when valve was closed and GFR was low when the valve was open.
In this activity Renal Response to Altered Blood Pressure was recorded. The glomerular capillary pressure and GFR; GFR and pressure increased when both arteriole radii changes were implemented simultaneously with the low blood pressure condition. Increasing the afferent radius had a greater effect than decreasing the efferent radius because there was a greater increase in glomerular pressure.
In this acti...
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...ease in H+ ion.
In this activity renal response to Respiratory Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis were recorded. When the hydrogen ion and bicarbonate levels are normal, levels of Pco2 and pH are normal. However when hydrogen levels increase, Bicarbonate level decreases; pH decreases and carbon dioxide level increases. And As Bicarbonate level increases, hydrogen level decreases; pH increases and carbon dioxide level decreases.
In this activity Respiratory Responses to Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis is recorded. As the metabolic rate increases, BPM increases, Blood pH decreases, carbon dioxide increases, hydrogen ion increases and bicarbonate level decreases. Likely as the metabolic rate decreases, BPM decreases, Blood pH increases, Pco2 decreases, Hydrogen ion decreases, and bicarbonate level decreases. The respiratory system compensates for metabolic
Biology 2A03 Lab 4 Respiratory Gas Exchange in a Mouse Lab Manual. Winter Term 2014 (2014). Biology Department. McMaster University.
The chemistry test shows the levels of electrolytes found in the blood: sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. Imbalances in these electrolytes can cause complications, which especially in the case of potassium, can be deadly. Also shown by the chemistry test, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels can show how well the patient’s kidneys are functioning in filtering waste from the blood. Trauma and blood loss can affect how the kidney’s function not only in filtering waste, but also in acid-base balance, and balancing electrolyte levels. Another marker of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate, which measures the rate filtrate is created by the glomerulus of the kidney (Winkelman, 2016). This is controlled by the kidneys themselves, meaning changes in the function of the kidneys can lead to an altered filtration rate (Winkelman, 2016). Lactic acid is measured by the chemistry test also, and an increase in lactic acid can signify acidosis caused by the lactic acid being formed by cells that do not have adequate oxygen to process glucose for energy (Workman, 2016). This decrease in available oxygen could be caused by damage to or impairment of the lungs. Carbon-dioxide, which is also measured by the chemistry test, can show
The Mayo Clinic’s book on High Blood Pressure was full of detailed facts about blood pressure and what it is. This is extremely significant to the experiment because blood pressure is one of the variables being tested. Understanding blood pressure is one of the key components to receiving accurate results from this experiment. Most of the book is on high blood pressure, which is not necessary for the experiment, but the book still had plenty of useful information about blood pressure itself. The book explains that when the heart beats, a surge of blood is released from the left ventricle. It also tells of how arteries are blood vessels that move nutrients and oxygenated blood from the heart to the body’s tissues. The aorta, or the largest artery in the heart, is connected to the left ventricle and is the main place for blood to leave the heart as the aorta branches off into many different smaller
6) Kerr, D., Ward, M., Ellis, H., Simpson, W. Aluminum Intoxication in Renal Disease. CIBA-Found-Symposium, 169: 123-41 (1992).
While the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are most reliant on one another, all body systems require a functioning circulatory cycle in order to thrive. Consistent transfer of oxygen through blood vessels is required to maintain cell and tissue life. Without this cells and later tissues will die Disturbances to this process cause cells and tissues to die (Red Cross 48). This required state in which all body systems are functioning properly is called homeostasis, defined as a “condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to constant interaction of body’s many regulatory processes.” This process also can help regulate any disruptions or changes within the body (Tortura, 8.
who has lost a lot of his or her oxygen cc exchanging ability, due to the
A system of blood vessels allows the exchange of materials that occurs in the kidneys. A renal artery branches off the abdominal aorta and enters the renal sinus of each kidney. Segmental arteries diverge from the renal artery to form interlobar arteries, which ascend within the renal columns toward the renal cortex. Branches from the interlobar arteries diverge near the base of each pyramid and arch over the bases of the pyramids to form the arcuate arteries. Interlobular arteries project from the arcuate arteries into the cortex, and afferent arterioles are derived from the interlobular arteries or their branches. The afferent arterioles supply blood to the glomerular capillaries of the renal corpuscles.
By using this principle, the measurement of an organism's volume if it absorbs CO2 released in respiration can be attributed to the consumption of oxygen. Hypothesis: If the temperature increases, then the respiration rate will also increase. The respiration rate will increase because more activity is going on. Experiment: A simple respirometer will be used in this experiment to detect changes in gas volume.
Respiratory acidosis is also referred to as respiratory failure and it occurs when the lungs are unable to remove enough carbon dioxide produced by the body. Too much carbon dioxide can cause the pH of the blood to decline. When the pH level decreases the blood and other body fluids become too acidic. Respiratory acidosis occurs when the pH of the blood is below 7.35. The lungs and the kidneys are the two organs that help regulate your body’s pH. The lungs remove acid by exhaling carbon dioxide. The kidneys remove acids through the urine. The kidneys also regulate your blood’s concentration of bicarbonate, during respiratory acidosis the kidney’s hold on to the bicarbonate. Respiratory acidosis is also when PCO2 is abnormally high, above 45 mmHg, due to inadequate exhalation of CO2 this causes blood pH to drop. Respiratory acidosis is usually caused by a lung condition that would affect one’s breathing and ability to remove carbon dioxide from the blood such
Person, A. & Mintz, M., (2006), Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory Tract, Disorders of the Respiratory Tract, pp. 11-17, New Jersey: Human Press Inc.
Alveolar hyperventilation causes a decreased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The decrease in PaCO2 increases the ratio of bicarbonate concentration to PaCO2 which increases the pH level. The decrease in PaCO2 develops when a strong respiratory stimulus causes the respiratory system to remove more carbon dioxide than is produced. Respiratory alkalosis can be acute or chronic. Acute respiratory alkalosis is when the PaCO2 level is below the lower limit of normal and the serum pH is alkalemic. Chronic respiratory alkalosis is when the PaCO2 level is below the lower limit of normal, but the pH level is relatively normal or near normal. Respiratory alkalosis is the most common acid-base abnormality observed in patients who are critically ill. It is associated with numerous illnesses and is a common finding in patients on mechanical ventilation. Many cardiac and pulmonary disorders can occur with respiratory alkalosis. When respiratory alkalosis is present, the cause may be a minor or non–life-threatening disorder. However, more serious disease processes should also be considered in the differential diagnosis (Byrd, 2017). Hyperventilation is most likely the underlying cause of respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation is also known as over breathing (O’Connell, 2017).
Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis are both acid bases imbalances. The purpose of this essay is to explain both metabolic and respiratory acidosis and their signs, symptoms, and causes.
The arteries supply blood rich in oxygen to the body, the veins direct deoxygenated blood from the capillaries back to the heart. These roles make up the circulatory function. Blood flow through these blood vessels can be disrupted resulting in peripheral vascular diseases. These diseases occur as a result of narrowing or blocking of the blood vessels. The risk factors of peripheral vascular diseases include diabetes, smoking, high level of cholesterol, overweight, high blood pressure etc. these risk factors result to aneurysms, Raynaud’s diseases, Buerger’s disease, renal artery disease etc. With this diseases, the peripheral vascular system should be assessed to enable nurses and other health personnel make good
The kidneys are a bean-shaped organ in the human body and they have different functions and are of vital importance for it. The kidneys are the pair of organs, which are able to regulate the reabsorption of ions such as potassium, sodium and calcium, which are fundamental substances for the cell. Furthermore, they are involved in the reabsorption of nutrients in the bloodstream and they can regulate the acidity of the blood. Besides the regulation of the fluids and ions, the kidneys are also responsible for the regulation of many different hormones that are involved in homeostasis and metabolism. Because of their importance in the regulation of substances in the body, when the kidneys stop working properly all the body is influenced by that creating disequilibrium in the maintenance of homeostasi...
The formation of urine is initiated when blood is taken to the kidney via the renal artery. As blood flows from the renal artery through the afferent arteriole to the capill...