Symptoms and Treatment of Bronchitis
Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi. It may develop suddenly,
following a head cold (acute bronchitis), or it may persist or return
regularly for many years, causing progressive degeneration of the bronchi
and lungs (chronic bronchitis). Certain people are more susceptible than
others; Men are more of a target to bronchitis than women, out numbering
them 10 to 1 cc the reasons are unclear. Of course smokers are 50 times
more likely to get chronic bronchitis than nonsmokers. Acute bronchitis
is a bacteria or virus infection, often following a cold smoking. People
who have acute bronchitis usually have a mild fever, soreness under breast
bone, irritated by coughing. First they have a dry cough then the cough
later brings up green and yellow mucus. The cough may persist to 4 to 6
weeks. Chronic bronchitis is produced by other chronic problems:
sinusitis, smoking, TB, etc. The Bronchi becomes thick, inelastic, and
accumulate mucus and pus in lower part of lungs instead of bringing
discharges up and out. The result is chronic cough, shortness of breath,
sometimes spasm, and frequent infection.
In acute bronchitis, the basic symptoms are a head cold, fever and chills,
running nose, aching muscles and possibly back pains. This is soon
followed by the obvious persistent cough. At first the cough is dry and
racking and eventually becomes phlegmy. The persistent cough is worse at
night than during the day, and when the person breathes in smoke and fumes.
The main symptoms most recognized in chronic bronchitis is, again, a cough,
with sputum, often occurring in paroxysms. Other symptoms in chronic
bronchitis are dependant on how much, or how little, emphysema is present.
This disorder causes the lungs to become overstretched, making the
breathing process difficult. The chronic bronchitic with no emphysema tends
to be overweight and often has a bluish tinge to his or her lips due to
lack of oxygen. Shortness of breath only occurs during exercise and
other strenuous activity. The bronchitic with a great deal of emphysema,
who has lost a lot of his or her oxygen cc exchanging ability, due to the
condition, is short of breath at all times. The bronchitic with emphysema
very often are underweight and, as the disease comes worse, develops a
barrel chest. The Chronic bronchitic also wheezes because of the
obstruction.
NOTE: Emphysema is a state of overdistention of the tiny air-containing
sacs of the lung.
The cause of bronchitis are from viral or bacterial infections which
spreads to the chest.
Mrs. Jones, An elderly woman, presented severely short of breath. She required two rest periods in order to ambulate across the room, but refused the use of a wheel chair. She was alert and oriented, but was unable to speak in full sentences. Her skin was pale and dry. Her vital signs were as follows: Temperature 97.3°F, pulse 83, respirations 27, blood pressure 142/86, O2 saturation was 84% on room air. Auscultation of the lungs revealed crackles in the lower lobes and expiratory wheezing. Use of accessory muscles was present. She was put on 2 liters of oxygen via nasal canal. With the oxygen, her O2 saturation increased to 90%. With exertion her O2 saturation dropped to the 80's. Mrs. Jones began coughing and she produced large amounts of milky sputum.
The EB’s case study said the female patient is 50 years old with symptoms of fever, chills, congestion, three weeks of coughing, shortness of breath when walking. The study implies that the patient is now seeking medical advice due to vital signs recording and the noting of decreased breath sounds and wheezing. She denies smoking and not taking any chronic medication.
I wonder whether or not King George III, in his life, knew that people criticized his ideas. I’m sure he did, but I wonder what he thought when he set down laws and taxes. Was he a reasonable man? Did he believe the colonists had the right to argue their points? What made him tax stamps and tea and set down the Intolerable Acts while it angered the colonists? Why did he think it was a good idea to make these laws? My question is: what did he think when he set laws and taxes that most of us now think are ridiculous? I suppose hindsight is 20/20.
King George III (known as the king who lost America), was born in 1738. King George III's
Chronic bronchitis is a disorder that causes inflammation to the airway, mainly the bronchial tubules. It produces a chronic cough that lasts three consecutive months for more than two successive years (Vijayan,2013). Chronic Bronchitis is a member of the COPD family and is prominently seen in cigarette smokers. Other factors such as air pollutants, Asbestos, and working in coal mines contributes to inflammation. Once the irritant comes in contact with the mucosa of the bronchi it alters the composition causing hyperplasia of the glands and producing excessive sputum (Viayan,2013). Goblet cells also enlarge to contribute to the excessive secretion of sputum. This effects the cilia that carry out the mechanism of trapping foreign bodies to allow it to be expelled in the sputum, which are now damaged by the irritant making it impossible for the person to clear their airway. Since the mechanism of airway clearance is ineffective, the secretion builds up a thickened wall of the bronchioles causing constriction and increasing the work of breathing. The excessive build up of mucous could set up pneumonia. The alveoli are also damaged enabling the macrophages to eliminate bacteria putting the patient at risk for acquiring an infection.
Native Americans had inherited the land now called America and eventually their lives were destroyed due to European Colonization. When the Europeans arrived and settled, they changed the Native American way of life for the worst. These changes were caused by a number of factors including disease, loss of land, attempts to export religion, and laws, which violated Native American culture.
Liam is a previously healthy boy who has experienced rhinorrhoea, intermittent cough, and poor feeding for the past four days. His positive result of nasopharyngeal aspirate for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) indicates that Liam has acute bronchiolitis which is a viral infection (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). “Bronchiolitis is the commonest reason for admission to hospital in the first 6 months of life. It describes a clinical syndrome of cough tachypnoea, feeding difficulties and inspiratory crackles on chest auscultation” (Fitzgerald, 2011, p.160). Bronchiolitis can cause respiratory distress and desaturation (91% in the room air) to Liam due to airway blockage; therefore the infant appears to have nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and tachypnoea (54 breathes/min) during breathing (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Tachycardia (152 beats/min) could occur due to hypoxemia and compensatory mechanism for low blood pressure (74/46mmHg) (Fitzgerald, 2011; Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Moreover, Liam has fever and conjunctiva injection which could be a result of infection, as evidenced by high temperature (38.6°C) and bilateral tympanic membra...
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