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Hypovolemic shock senerios
Hypovolemic shock senerios
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While the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are most reliant on one another, all body systems require a functioning circulatory cycle in order to thrive. Consistent transfer of oxygen through blood vessels is required to maintain cell and tissue life. Without this cells and later tissues will die Disturbances to this process cause cells and tissues to die (Red Cross 48). This required state in which all body systems are functioning properly is called homeostasis, defined as a “condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to constant interaction of body’s many regulatory processes.” This process also can help regulate any disruptions or changes within the body (Tortura, 8.
Each system contributes to homeostasis, and
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Hypovolemic shock specifically causes the cardiovascular system to fail from a significant loss of blood volume, the cause of which can occur from hemorrhage or other methods of severe fluid loss. This lack in blood volume is what causes the failure of the cardiovascular system and oxygen delivery, and this fluid loss occurs, the body experiences hypovolemic shock in three sequential stages to try and maintain adequate blood flow throughout the body. These stages are named compensated, decompensated, and irreversible (Wang …show more content…
Hypovolemic shock specifically causes the cardiovascular system to fail from a significant loss of blood volume, the cause of which can occur from hemorrhage or other methods of severe fluid loss. This lack in blood volume is what causes the failure of the cardiovascular system and oxygen delivery, and this fluid loss occurs, the body experiences hypovolemic shock in three sequential stages to try and maintain adequate blood flow throughout the body. These stages are named compensated, decompensated, and irreversible (Wang
The normal core temperature in adults ranges between 36.5°C and 37.5°C and hypothermia can be defined as core body temperature less than 36°C.(ref 1)
Sepsis is defined as an exaggerated, overwhelming and uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response to an initially localised infection or tissue injury, which may lead to severe sepsis and septic shock if left untreated (Daniels, 2009; Robson & Daniels, 2013; Dellinger et al, 2013; Perman, Goyal & Gaieski, 2012; Vanzant & Schmelzer, 2011). Septic shock can be classified by acute circulatory failure as a result of massive vasodilation, increased capillary permeability and decreased vascular resistance in the body, causing refractory hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation. This leads to irreversible tissue ischaemia, end organ failure and ultimately, death (McClelland & Moxon, 2014; Sagy, Al-Qaqaa & Kim, 2013, Dellinger et al, 2013).
Homeostasis, what is it? Homeostasis is the balance between systems to keep living organisms alive and healthy. For an organism to maintain homeostasis its body systems must react and respond to changes in both its internal and external environments. Majority of body systems in organisms, like a respiratory or circulatory system in animals, are part of their internal environment. One body system that is very important for maintaining homeostasis and is common among many organisms is a respiratory system. The respiratory system is responsible for disposing of carbon dioxide and in taking oxygen (vice versa for plants). Some parts that make up a respiratory system are the lungs, windpipe, and cilia in animals. Another body system important to homeostasis and common among animals is a circulatory system, used for bringing nutrients like glucose and oxygen to body cells. Some parts that make up a circulatory system are a heart, blood, and tubes for the blood to travel through (veins, arteries, and capillaries) in animals. There are many more body systems important to homeostasis, but if one is disrupted it’s vital for it to be restored to normal.
Also, hypoxia, which is a lack of oxygen, is another pathological physiological outcome of sepsis as less oxygen is reaching the tissue; this is due to the fact that there is less oxygen in the blood.
The circulatory system and respiratory system share a highly important relationship that is crucial to maintaining the life of an organism. In order for bodily processes to be performed, energy to be created, and homeostasis to be maintained, the exchange of oxygen from the external environment to the intracellular environment is performed by the relationship of these two systems. Starting at the heart, deoxygenated/carbon-dioxide (CO2)-rich blood is moved in through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium, then into the right ventricle when the heart is relaxed. As the heart contracts, the deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary arteries to capillaries in the lungs. As the organism breathes and intakes oxygenated air, oxygen is exchanged with CO2 in the blood at the capillaries. As the organism breathes out, it expels the CO2 into the external environment. For the blood in the capillaries, it is then moved into pulmonary veins and make
There are five main types of shock in the medical field. They are septic shock, anaphylactic shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, and neurogenic shock.. This essay will discuss, in detail, the characteristics and treatment associated with each individual type of shock.
results in the need for more blood. Since more blood is needed to fill the
Egi A, Kawamoto M, Kurita S, Yuge O. Systolic arterial pressure variability reflects circulating blood volume alterations in hemorrhagic shock in rabbits. Shock 2007;28:733-40.
The cardiovascular system - The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting nutrients and removing gaseous waste from the body. It consists of the heart, which powers the whole process, the veins, arteries, and capillaries, which deliver oxygen to tissue at the cellular level. The cardiovascular system carries blood that is low in oxygen away from the heart to the lungs via arteries, where oxygen levels are restored through the air once oxygenated, this blood is then carried throughout the body via arteries, keeping our organs and tissue alive. The cardiovascular system is the workhorse of the body, continuously moving to push blood to the cells. If this important system ceases its work, the body dies.
...ufficiently nourish the organs. This blood flow shortage causes severe damage to organs and tissue. Symptoms of cardiomyopathy include shortness of breath and other breathing difficulties, fatigue, swollen legs and feet, and irregular heartbeat. It can lead to heart failure.
For homeostasis to work the transport, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular system have to function together.
The heart serves as a powerful function in the human body through two main jobs. It pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body and “blood vessels called coronary arteries that carry oxygenated blood straight into the heart muscle” (Katzenstein and Pinã, 2). There are four chambers and valves inside the heart that “help regulate the flow of blood as it travels through the heart’s chambers and out to the lungs and body” (Katzenstein Pinã, 2). Within the heart there is the upper chamber known as the atrium (atria) and the lower chamber known as the ventricles. “The atrium receive blood from the lu...
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment within a living organism. Excretion is the removal from the body of waste products made in the cells during metabolism. Osmoregulation is the homeostatic control of body water. Water intake needs to balance with water loss. Urea is instantly converted from ammonia, as it is a less soluble and less toxic compound.
In lecture, we learned that hemolysis is what occurs when a blood cell comes into contact with a hypotonic solution. Also, that hemolysis is defined as the swelling and rupture of the blood cells. In lab, we tested how distilled water reacts with the blood cells; as we watched the cells, we could see them starting to swell and burst one by one. When we observed this, we knew right away that it was hemolysis, and that distilled water was hypertonic to the cells. When you are drowning and the fresh water gets into your lungs, it immediately starts to cause damage to your cells, not just your blood cells but your lung cells too. When water comes into contact with your lung’s cells, it rushes in trying to balance out the concentrations causing them to blow up. The end result of this process is cell rupture because once a cell reaches its full capacity it burst when you try to go beyond that. Not only are your lung cells effected but so are your blood cells. This is where hemolysis comes in, “Because capillaries in your lungs are exposed to the fresh water, water enters the bloodstream” (Why It's Worse to Drown in Fresh Water Than Salt Water), when this occurs your blood cells react the same way by blowing up and bursting. The bursting blood cells can cause you to go into cardiac arrest anywhere between two to three minutes, much faster than
Lastly, blood is involved in maintaining homeostasis by negative feedback loops such as temperature regulation, blood pH, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure.