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What is respiratory acidosis essays
What is respiratory acidosis essays
What is respiratory acidosis essays
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Respiratory acidosis is also referred to as respiratory failure and it occurs when the lungs are unable to remove enough carbon dioxide produced by the body. Too much carbon dioxide can cause the pH of the blood to decline. When the pH level decreases the blood and other body fluids become too acidic. Respiratory acidosis occurs when the pH of the blood is below 7.35. The lungs and the kidneys are the two organs that help regulate your body’s pH. The lungs remove acid by exhaling carbon dioxide. The kidneys remove acids through the urine. The kidneys also regulate your blood’s concentration of bicarbonate, during respiratory acidosis the kidney’s hold on to the bicarbonate. Respiratory acidosis is also when PCO2 is abnormally high, above 45 mmHg, due to inadequate exhalation of CO2 this causes blood pH to drop. Respiratory acidosis is usually caused by a lung condition that would affect one’s breathing and ability to remove carbon dioxide from the blood such …show more content…
Your body either is making too much acid, isn’t getting rid of enough acid or your body does not have enough base to offset a normal amount of acid. When any of these occur the chemical reactions in your body cannot work properly. HCO3 levels drop below 22mEq/liter, which will lead to decrease in blood pH (under 7.35). Uncontrolled diabetes, obesity, overuse of alcohol, asthma and airway obstruction are some the things that can cause one of the three types of metabolic acidosis. Symptoms of metabolic acidosis may include any of the following: fatigue, drowsiness, confusion, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, headache, jaundice and rapid breathing. Treatments include treating the underlying cause and administering intravenous solutions of sodium bicarbonate. Compensation for a metabolic acidosis is hyperventilation, which would mean lungs assist in order to decrease the arterial pCO2. (Angus,
The first test showed a decrease in blood pH and a major increase in the partial pressure of oxygen. The patient was placed on a ventilator during surgery on the date of admission, which could be the reason as to why his partial pressure of oxygen was increased. The patient’s blood pH was low in the first test. While it was barely in the normal range, the patient’s bicarb was close to being low as well. The patient was injured which resulted in fluid shifts that could have affected the amount of bicarbonate in the patient’s blood, resulting in a decrease in the blood’s pH. This means the patient was at risk for metabolic acidosis. The next day the patient’s blood pH had increased to a normal level and the bicarbonate level had also increased. The patent’s partial pressure of oxygen had also decreased, due to a decrease in the fraction of inspired oxygen, possibly from changes to the setting of the
Under hypoxic conditions, the abnormal hemoglobin start to change shape. They become sickled, stiff, and have greater difficulty moving though the blood vessels. As a result they begin to stick together and eventually block the tissues from receiving nutrients and oxygen. This causes the tissue to become infarcted and leads to pain. In a hypoxic states the cells are forced to make energy also known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) without oxygen. This is called anaerobic glycolysis and results in the production of lactic acid as a byproduct (citation). The presence of lactic acid lowers the pH of the environment, the cells must recycle lactic acid back into the cells, and ATP production is significantly slowed. The cells
In this activity renal response to Respiratory Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis were recorded. When the hydrogen ion and bicarbonate levels are normal, levels of Pco2 and pH are normal. However when hydrogen levels increase, Bicarbonate level decreases; pH decreases and carbon dioxide level increases. And As Bicarbonate level increases, hydrogen level decreases; pH increases and carbon dioxide level decreases.
My disease is Streptococcal pneumonia or pneumonia is caused by the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is present in human’s normal flora, which normally doesn’t cause any problems or diseases. Sometimes though when the numbers get too low it can cause diseases or upper respiratory tract problems or infections (Todar, 2008-2012). Pneumonia caused by this pathogen has four stages. The first one is where the lungs fill with fluid. The second stage causes neutrophils and red blood cells to come to the area which are attracted by the pathogen. The third stage has the neutrophils stuffed into the alveoli in the lungs causing little bacteria to be left over. The fourth stage of this disease the remaining residue in the lungs are take out by the macrophages. Aside from these steps pneumonia follows, if the disease should persist further, it can get into the blood causing a systemic reaction resulting in the whole body being affected (Ballough). Some signs and symptoms of this disease are, “fever, malaise, cough, pleuritic chest pain, purulent or blood-tinged sputum” (Henry, 2013). Streptococcal pneumonia is spread through person-to-person contact through aerosol droplets affecting the respiratory tract causing it to get into the human body (Henry, 2013).
Today I will be explaining the importance and details of tracheobronchitis also referred to as bronchitis. Tracheobronchitis as the name gives off is an inflammation of the trachea and bronchitis. The trachea and bronchi’s main role is to extend air into the lungs, so that they are able to reach the alveoli which are responsible for gas exchange in the lungs. Tracheobronchitis is often times not contagious depending upon the cause of inflammation, inflammation can result from an allergic reaction, bacterial infection or virus. Some important clinical manifestations that you may see include wheezing which are a result of inflamed airways,fever, dry or phlegm cough, night sweats, headache and sore throat. Tracheobronchitis does not always have to be severe it can also be acute and last only a few weeks.
Frequent urination results from the body trying to excrete the excess glucose and thirst follows as dehydration sets in. Hunger, fatigue, mental fogginess, irritability, and mood changes result from a deficiency in ATP as the body cannot produce enough purely through fat metabolism via ketones. Acetone breath quickly follows as the body starts to upregulate fat metabolism in an attempt to use ketones for ATP production. This metabolic pathway creates various ketones, but one ketone acetone, is toxic and is excreted via the lungs. It can be detected as a “fruity” odor in the breath. This upregulation of fat metabolism creates a crisis known as diabetic ketoacidosis which can lead to a coma or even death (Harvey, 2012). Another life threatening acute symptom which is not as common in type 1 as type 2 diabetes is hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketonic syndrome or HHNS which can result in serious consequences such as a coma or even death. It is caused by increasing blood sugar and dehydration without the presence of ketones (Harvey, 2012). It can be caused by severe infection, severe illness, and medications that reduce glucose tolerance and increase fluid loss (Harvey, 2012). The various acute symptoms of type 1 diabetes are just as deadly as the long term effects of poor blood sugar
The respiratory system has six major areas that works together that allows the body to breathe, prevent choking, and not to allow harmful debris to enter the respiratory system are some of the functions that the respiratory system does. The respiratory system is divided into two regions, the upper and lower respiratory. The upper respiratory consists of the Nose (nasal) and Pharynx while the lower respiratory embodies the rest of the system which includes the Larynx, Trachea, Bronchioles and Lungs. The information provided will be done by three individuals the upper respiratory tract will be provided by Mr. David Brown, the lower respiratory tract will be given by Ms. Brianna Agee and the infectious diseases will be provided by Mr. Derrek Woods.
Chronic bronchitis is a disorder that causes inflammation to the airway, mainly the bronchial tubules. It produces a chronic cough that lasts three consecutive months for more than two successive years (Vijayan,2013). Chronic Bronchitis is a member of the COPD family and is prominently seen in cigarette smokers. Other factors such as air pollutants, Asbestos, and working in coal mines contributes to inflammation. Once the irritant comes in contact with the mucosa of the bronchi it alters the composition causing hyperplasia of the glands and producing excessive sputum (Viayan,2013). Goblet cells also enlarge to contribute to the excessive secretion of sputum. This effects the cilia that carry out the mechanism of trapping foreign bodies to allow it to be expelled in the sputum, which are now damaged by the irritant making it impossible for the person to clear their airway. Since the mechanism of airway clearance is ineffective, the secretion builds up a thickened wall of the bronchioles causing constriction and increasing the work of breathing. The excessive build up of mucous could set up pneumonia. The alveoli are also damaged enabling the macrophages to eliminate bacteria putting the patient at risk for acquiring an infection.
As modern medical research begins to discover the deep-rooted genetic and environmental origins of many chronic diseases and illnesses, researchers have began to realize the complexity of illnesses that plague mankind. One prevalent disease among humans is Asthma, a chronic lung disease that irritates and tightens the airways, resulting in reocurring periods of coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Asthma’s phenotypic range does not follow the relative simplicity of Mendelian genetics, but is rather rooted in multiple genes, such as Interleukin-13 (IL-13), and specific environmental exposures such as air pollution.
Communication is key in any relationship or job a person has. People must be able to communicate with others to get things accomplished. When communication isn’t good, a lot of problems may arise. That is why communication is such an important quality to have. Along with communication, adaptability is very important. Life doesn’t always work out as we plan so we must be able to handle anything that is thrown our way. Being able to adapt in all different situations or places is very helpful. It means a person can be thrown into anything and figure out what to do.
Caring for people is my passion. My senior year of high school is when I witnessed my grandmother live on a ventilator for about a week. It awakened a new level of passion in me to care for people with cardiopulmonary problems. The Respiratory Therapy Care profession has intrigued me with how they improve the quality of life in their patients. I will enjoy working closely with patients in addition to working high tech equipment. By entering into this program and graduating out of this program I know that this will satisfy my personal goals for the next five years in many ways. The continues challenges of trying to figure out what’s wrong the heart that day or what’s wrong with the lung the next day will always keep me on my toes. It will always
In the 21st Century, there is a major advance in technology; a lot more diseases can be treated by medicines and anti-biotic. In the history of diseases, most continents have suffered massive pandemics, however, Oceania is an exception. Australia has never suffered from major diseases such as Black Death, S.A.R.S, etc. However, chronic illness is a growing problem in Australia as the population ages.
Alveolar hyperventilation causes a decreased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The decrease in PaCO2 increases the ratio of bicarbonate concentration to PaCO2 which increases the pH level. The decrease in PaCO2 develops when a strong respiratory stimulus causes the respiratory system to remove more carbon dioxide than is produced. Respiratory alkalosis can be acute or chronic. Acute respiratory alkalosis is when the PaCO2 level is below the lower limit of normal and the serum pH is alkalemic. Chronic respiratory alkalosis is when the PaCO2 level is below the lower limit of normal, but the pH level is relatively normal or near normal. Respiratory alkalosis is the most common acid-base abnormality observed in patients who are critically ill. It is associated with numerous illnesses and is a common finding in patients on mechanical ventilation. Many cardiac and pulmonary disorders can occur with respiratory alkalosis. When respiratory alkalosis is present, the cause may be a minor or non–life-threatening disorder. However, more serious disease processes should also be considered in the differential diagnosis (Byrd, 2017). Hyperventilation is most likely the underlying cause of respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation is also known as over breathing (O’Connell, 2017).
Asthma is a disease that currently has no cure and can only be controlled and managed through different treatment methods. If asthma is treated well it can prevent the flare up of symptoms such as coughing, diminish the dependence on quick relief medication, and help to minimize asthma attacks. One of the key factors to successful treatment of asthma is the creation of an asthma action plan with the help of a doctor that outlines medications and other tasks to help control the patient’s asthma ("How Is Asthma Treated and Controlled?"). The amount of treatment changes based on the severity of the asthma when it is first diagnosed and may be the dosage may be increased or decreased depending on how under control the patient’s asthma is. One of the main ways that asthma can be controlled is by becoming aware of the things that trigger attacks. For instance staying away from allergens such as pollen, animal fur, and air pollution can help minimize and manage the symptoms associated with asthma. Also if it is not possible to avoid the allergens that cause a patient’s asthma to flare up, they may need to see an allergist. These health professionals can help diagnosis what may need to be done in other forms of treatment such as allergy shots that can help decrease the severity of the asthma ("How Is Asthma Treated and Controlled?").
The roles of the circulatory and respiratory system both carry important responsibilities and are essential in their jobs to the human body. The circulatory system is one, if not the, most important system in the human body. The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Within the blood vessels, there are three types: arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart is an organ made up of cardiac muscle that has a role similar to a pump. When the muscles in the heart contract, it pumps fresh blood away from the heart, through a main artery called the aorta, and to the organs and cells of the body. Nutrients and oxygen then enter the cells through diffusion of the tissues. The respiratory system transports oxygen to the circulatory system. When transporting oxygen to the circulatory system, this will in turn transport oxygen to the rest of the cells in the body. Aside from transporting oxygen to the body, the respiratory system also plays a role in the removal of carbon dioxide and other contaminants in the body. These two systems effectively and efficiently work together in order to supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide and any other