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Pros and cons of positive and negative reinforcement
Pros and cons on positive/negative reinforcement/punishment
Pros and cons of positive and negative reinforcement
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As a matter of fact, behavioral performance is related to whether individuals' expected behavioral consequences are positive or negative reinforcement, and if the desired behavioral consequences are individuals that are affordable or desirable, the behavior will be manifested and will increase the probability of a behavior.
Also, we can use the schedules reinforcement into the teaching. It is an agreement or set of rules that a teacher will follow when delivering reinforcers. Behaviorists found that different schedules of reinforcement had different influences on the speed of learning and on extinction. These schedules include Continuous Reinforcement and Intermittent Reinforcement. However, it is more effective to use the Intermittent Reinforcement
If a behavior is desirable, consequences called reinforcers are used to encourage the behavior in the future, via the process of reinforcement. Reinforcement can be positive (presenting reinforcing stimulus) or negative (removing a negative stimulus). However, if a behavior is undesired, a negative consequence can be used to discourage the behavior, through the process of either positive or negative punishment. In positive punishment, a negative consequence is presented after the undesired behavior occurs. When negative punishment it used the idea is the same “to discourage future display of undesired behavior,” but instead of presenting a negative stimulus, a desired stimulus is removed following the behavior.
Extended class periods and block scheduling will improve student’s grades and can diminish their stress level significantly. A normal day in block scheduling consists of only four classes a day, alternating each day. These classes would last 120 minutes each, with the same 5 minute passing periods in between classes. This scheduling gives teachers more time to explain their lesson. It also gives students time to recover from the late nights due to sports and other activities because they only have four classes a day. Their homework for these classes isn’t due for another day, so they don’t have to stress over getting it done. 120 minute classes combined with blocked scheduling increases the amount of time teachers have for instruction and will overall increase the student’s knowledge, in turn, raising their grades.
Operant conditioning is changing behavior through the use of reinforcement after the desired action is given; a behavior that is rewarded positively is more likely to continue and a behavior that is rewarded negatively would likely stop occurring (Santrock,2014). In addition to reinforcement, Skinner also talks about punishment. Reinforcement increases the probability an action or behavior will be repeated, while punishment is intended to decrease a behavior (McLeod, 2015). When Laurie was younger, she thought she was being sent to school every day to socialize with her friends and that learning was a secondary, unintentional happenstance. In third grade, compared to the other students in her class, she was falling short in reading and math.
De Luca, R. V., & Holborn, S. W. (1992). Effects of a variable-ratio Reinforcement Schedule
During the treatment phases of the study, teacher attention was provided to these students on a 5-minute fixed-time schedule. Between intervals, the teacher behaved in her typical manner. The results of the study indicated that a fixed-time schedule of teacher attention was effective in decreasing student’s off-task and disruptive behavior, while increasing student’s on-task behavior (Riley, et al, 2011).
In second grade I was apart of a wild classroom. Their was a lot of chaos from all the young children. My teacher struggled to get everyone on task and to complete our work. After some time my teacher decided to make up a reward system (positive reinforcement). The children in the classroom were able to earn tickets for doing their homework, being respectful, and many other things. We were able to save these tickets and cash them in on fridays for treats, toys, or even sometimes extra recess. The teacher had a separate system for when we misbehaved. There were 3 colors you could earn everyday. If you weren’t on task, out of your seat, or just being disruptive she would change your color from green to yellow. If it happened again you got a red card and lost your tickets you earned for that day. This is a perfect example of positive punishment. It gave each child an opportunity to earn tickets for good behavior, and a warning system with the cards that possibly would lead to losing your earned tickets. Our teacher was using operant conditioning to produce a change in our
Operant conditioning is a kind of conditioning, which examines how often a behavior will or occur depending on the effects of the behavior (King, 2016, pg. ). The words positive and negative are used to apply more significance to the words reinforcement or punishment. Positive is adding to the stimulus, while negative is removing from the stimulus (King, 2016). For instance, with positive reinforcement, there is the addition of a factor to increase the number of times that the behavior occurs (King, 2016). An example of positive reinforcement is when a child is given an allowance for completing their household chores. The positive reinforcement is the allowance which helps to increase the behavior of doing chores at home. In contrast with negative
Reinforcement is something that comes after a response and it usually increases the probability of it happening again. Though, reinforcers themselves can vary from person to person and everyone can respond differently to a reinforcements. A relevant reinforcement to consider would be a negative punishment. This type of reinforcement involves taking a pleasurable stimulus away to decrease a particular behavior; for example, getting a speeding ticket for speeding. However, we must take into account that punishment reinforcers only change behavior temporary, as oppose reward reinforcers that are more pleasurable. Ultimately, finding a reinforcement that works best for you may take trial-and-error and what might reinforce my behavior might not reinforce yours.
Stimulus control claims that in order for an individual to effectively function in a given environment they must be able to adequately predict the probable consequences of events and required actions to ensure that their behaviour may be compatible with the environment (Bandura, 1977). Cognitive control describes how emotional responses can be conditioned automatically through two unrelated stimuli which are presented together, the influence of cognitive control is crucial when trying to understand conditioning of individuals (Bandura, 1977). Additionally, Reinforcement control refers to how an individuals behaviour is significantly controlled by the consequences and responses to their behaviour, those which produce positive outcomes are more
There are different ways that a teacher can deal with a student’s undesirable behavior. Some of these strategies are: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment or extinction. The type of r...
In this paper I will be discussing the information I have learned from the article “From Positive Reinforcement to Positive Behaviors”, by Ellen A. Sigler and Shirley Aamidor. The authors stress the importance of positive reinforcement. The belief is that teachers and adults should be rewarding appropriate behaviors and ignoring the inappropriate ones. The authors’ beliefs are expressed by answering the following questions: Why use positive reinforcement?, Are we judging children’s behaviors?, Why do children behave in a certain way?, Do we teach children what to feel?, Does positive reinforcement really work?, and How does positive reinforcement work?. The following work is a summary of "Positive Reinforcement to Positive Behaviors" with my thoughts and reflection of the work in the end.
Many early learning settings use what is known as the A-B-C behavior model. The A stands for Antecedent, which is the “trigger” or the event. The B stands for the Good or Bad behavior, and the C stands for consequence which is for the positive or negative reinforcement. It is a known fact that children respond to rewards and praising good behavior. A Prime example is in a nursery setting and there being a behavior chart (McLeoud, 2007).Teachers will state that for every good day you have, you will receive a star, and on Friday if you have been good all week you will be rewarded. This is an example of conditioning. Promising a positive reinforcement is what educators will use to control their classroom environment. If you consider what the theory is proposing it makes a lot of sense. If you ask yourself, what better way is there to get a child to bring home All green on his behavior chart than to entice them with something they really love but may not get often. I can remember a time when my teacher used to entice our classroom to not talk when others were talking and if we successfully did that, she promised us candy out of the special candy jar. Looking back, I see that see was conditioning is by using positive reinforcement which actually worked. Operant conditioning is such a wonderful theory to practice that it comes naturally to you and do not even know that you are controlling the setting and or situation to get the result that you desire. Skinner Theories has opened so many doors in the study of behavior and how it can be
Applying behaviorist theories in the classroom is called direct instruction (Campana, 2011). As Campana’s (2011) video explains, these forms of direct instruction include breaking down tasks into smaller and easier steps, modeling by the instructor, repetition and review, and structured/systematic planning. There are many proven advantages to using behaviorist techniques in the classroom. As in Skinner’s theory of learning, the implementation of reinforcements can improve behavior, increase motivation, and raise self-esteem in students.
Major influence in the behaviors that individual shows on the basis of awareness and expectations of future expectations or reinforcement.
My measurable, specific and realistic goal for this quarter is to exercise at least 10 hours a week by weightlifting, running, and swimming for the next 10 weeks. To be able to do that, I would need to have positive reinforcement to keep me going, help give me that little push that I need every day. One positive reinforcement that I absolutely love to use is food. After a hard day of working out, I buy myself something nice to eat, like good pizza or burritos. This way I become more likely to work out knowing that I will get something doo to eat after. I like to believe that food is my number 1 enforcer. It will always be there when I need it, it satisfies me tremendously, and overall it is just ridiculously reinforcing. As a result I try to