Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Five similarities between classical and operant conditioning
The importance of classical and operant conditioning theory
Five similarities between classical and operant conditioning
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Reinforcement and punishment shape the way we perceive the world around us and are huge components to how we learn. Therefore, it is vital to understand the difference and how they apply to different situations. Before comparing the two categories, we must grasp a better understanding of each of them separately. Reinforcement can be defined as anything that increases the possibility that a response will occur. It will always either strengthen or increase a behavior. Reinforcement can further be broken down into two categories of positive and negative. In this context, it is important to indicate that positive and negative refer to addition and subtraction rather than good and bad, which many people mistake it for. In positive reinforcement, …show more content…
Therefore, I would most likely try to increase my sales so that I could receive free product. The positive reinforcer in this context is free product given. The behavior that would be increasing is my amount of sales.
Negative reinforcement can be reviewed the same way. Although both lead to strengthening a behavior, negative reinforcement does so by removing a negative stimuli, which could be anything that is unwanted. For example, my manager will cover all of the cleaning tasks if we sold at least one two hundred dollars of merchandise every day of the week. Therefore, all the workers would strive to sell at least two hundred dollars a day so that we would not have to care of any custodial tasks. In this example, the negative stimuli would be taking away the unwanted chores while the behavior would again be increasing sales. When discussing negative reinforcement it is important not to associate it with punishment, which is another form of
…show more content…
This is a type of learning that was studied and originated by B.F Skinner. He realized that individuals associate their own actions with consequences. Therefore through our own actions and observance of consequences we learn what behaviors are acceptable and which are not. This type of learning was actually built off the theories of Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning. Unlike operant conditioning, this type of learning does not involve behavior. Instead, an organism learns by associating a unconditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus. An unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally triggers a response. For example making sales at work. The stimuli would be making sales and in return the response would be happiness. The unconditioned stimulus is then paired with a neutral stimulus which is not associated with a response before conditioning. For this example, we can use a rainy day. Therefore, the unconditioned stimulus of making sales is then paired with the neutral stimulus of a rainy day. Now every time it rains you expect to make a lot of sales since a rainy day is now associated with making sales. Making sales becomes a conditioned response when it is
Positive reinforcement works by presenting something positive to the person after a desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when a child helps their mother with the dishes and the mothers rewards the child with ice cream. Negative reinforcement, is when a behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when the light goes green at a traffic light, the car in front of a person does not move. The person hates when this happens and from experience knows that honking the car’s horn gets cars that are in front of them to go
Operant conditioning is a kind of conditioning, which examines how often a behavior will or occur depending on the effects of the behavior (King, 2016, pg. ). The words positive and negative are used to apply more significance to the words reinforcement or punishment. Positive is adding to the stimulus, while negative is removing from the stimulus (King, 2016). For instance, with positive reinforcement, there is the addition of a factor to increase the number of times that the behavior occurs (King, 2016). An example of positive reinforcement is when a child is given an allowance for completing their household chores. The positive reinforcement is the allowance which helps to increase the behavior of doing chores at home. In contrast with negative
Reinforcement is the outcome or influence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior. Regarding the roommate’s behavioral modification program, there will be a positive and negative reinforcement utilized. Negative reinforcement is the removal of a stimulus that strengthens the probability of behavior, and positive reinforcement is the addition of stimuli that also strengthens the probability of behavior. Because the roommate is trying to lose weight with the removal of unhealthy food and addition of healthy food, the positive reinforcement will be unhealthy food, and the negative reinforcement will be the healthy
Out of positive reinforcement and punishment only the reinforcement was successful for my behaviour modification. I believe this was the case for a number of reasons but dominantly because the positive punishment had a lack of severity. The reason I came to this conclusion was because I realized in the case of positive reinforcement if I committed the operant response at least once my entire day of hard work would be ruined. When I made the switch to positive punishment I realized in the eventuality I performed the operant response I could just do the 50 push ups and be done with it. Upon comparison of my success and failure I reflected and realized if the punishment was more severe than 50 push ups I would not do it for actual fear and reluctance of doing the positive punishment. For example if the punishment was a 1000 push ups each repeated operant response I would most likely not bite my nails. I did enjoy the modified behaviour as my nails seemed fuller and less scarred but it was not long of an experiment enough so refraining from biting my nails was still a conscious action and took a lot of effort.
The two main forms of conditioning, are classical conditioning (learning by association), and operant condition (learning from consequences).Classical conditioning, is the learning process in which one is conditioned (learns) to respond to a neutral stimulus as if it were a meaningful stimulus. In operant conditioning, learning occurs through associations made between a behavior and the consequence that follows.
Behavioural learning theorists view learning as an observable change in behaviour and learned responses to stimuli. (Bochner, Duchesne,Krause, & McMaugh, 2013) Positive reinforcement is used to
First of all, I was highly interested in the concept and various factors that together make up positive reinforcement. I had a premise that I could do some experimental work on the three children for whom I baby-sit during the week after school. They leave school full of energy and it is my job to get them to complete a series of tasks before the end of the evening. I imagined that some positive reinforcement might get them on their way to handling their responsibilities in a timelier manner. My first step was to come up with a specific instrumental response that would produce reinforcement. This took no time at all because by far the most painfully difficult thing for me to do is get the children to sit down and do their homework. I then spoke specifically to each child and asked them what they would rather choose as an after school activity. They named video games, television, and going to play with other neighborhood children. I had expected these types of answers from the children and made them into the positive reinforcers that would be contingent on the children’s performance of the instrumental response; namely completing their homework. I explained to the children that if they behaved and finished their homework, then directly following they could spend an hour doing an activity of their choice.
During the morning huddle HCAHPS scores of each area are discussed. Depending on the score this can be considered a positive or negative enforcer. Motivation encourages the housekeeper to stay hyped even when things are difficult.
Negative reinforcement should not be alone because doing so can increase the likelihood of the behavior. Negative reinforcement is not
Differential reinforcement is defined as replacing a negative behavior with a positive behavior. Differential reinforcement also focuses on a specific behavior to address to create a specific positive reinforcer. With differential reinforcement, the positive behavior is the target behavior that will be recorded to determine the amount of positive outcomes. To record a differential reinforcer, the observer would record how many times the appropriate behavior occurred or when the negative behavior did not occur. By using differential reinforcement, teachers will be encouraged to find positive behavior alternatives instead of punishment and create a positive classroom environment.
According to the Law of Effect, individuals will repeat the behavior that includes good effects and avoid those with bad effects. This theory explains why reinforcers work, and it provides insight on how to utilize reinforcers for learning. Learning refers to the process of permanently changed behavior because of experience. Reinforcers provide children the experiences needed to understand the information to learn. Reinforcers’ effectiveness depend on children’s cultures, ages, and genders.
.... I feel that in most cases, once a student has been punished through negative reinforcement for doing wrong, the student will attempt to correct such behavior in the future to avoid punishment. In addition, positive reinforcement should be given for those students who are the majority and behave, as well as for the students who are occasional troublemakers because positive reinforcement helps show what is correct behavior in response to bad behavior.
I relate to the Reinforcement Theory a lot. In addition to noticing these theories in the work place, I also notice them with parenting. Positive reinforcement involves making sure that behavior is met with positive consequences. (Carpenter, Taylor, & Erdogan, 2009) Negative reinforcement involves removal of unpleasant outcomes once desired behavior is demonstrated. (Carpenter, Taylor, & Erdogan, 2009) Extinction occurs when a behavior ceases as a result of receiving no reinforcement. (Carpenter, Taylor, & Erdogan, 2009) Punishment involves presenting negative consequences following unwanted behaviors. (Carpenter, Taylor, & Erdogan, 2009) Positive reinforcement works well with children; in some cases too good. Through my experience, most children
My measurable, specific and realistic goal for this quarter is to exercise at least 10 hours a week by weightlifting, running, and swimming for the next 10 weeks. To be able to do that, I would need to have positive reinforcement to keep me going, help give me that little push that I need every day. One positive reinforcement that I absolutely love to use is food. After a hard day of working out, I buy myself something nice to eat, like good pizza or burritos. This way I become more likely to work out knowing that I will get something doo to eat after. I like to believe that food is my number 1 enforcer. It will always be there when I need it, it satisfies me tremendously, and overall it is just ridiculously reinforcing. As a result I try to
In general, a stimulus is that evokes a physiological response in an organism. In terms of this theory the stimuli are certain external events that will alter or change the behavior of a person. Rewarding stimuli are connected with ones wants, likes and the need of satisfaction. This acts as a positive reinforcer. However reinforcement only occurs if there is a significant change in one’s behavior. A stimulus can cause either a positive reinforcement or a negative one. Positive reinforcer can be some stimuli event for which one works in order that they may gain it.