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Communication Apprehension Theory With a Work Task
The paper will aim to discuss how motivation and reward can be effective with a work task. These will be determined by someone’s position and where they stand with the task that needs to be accomplished. Rewards can increase someone’s motivation to complete a task and that can be beneficial for them. Examining rewards given for effectively completing a task can increase a person’s motivation to work their absolute hardest on a task in the workplace. Through various studies and research, this idea has been proven to be true with a person’s mindset on carrying out a feared communication work task.
Sometimes it may be difficult to express how you feel about carrying out fear of a communication work task. When people fear to communicate about a work task it can potentially lead to bigger problems. We live in a day and age where communication is the most important thing in order to complete work tasks. One of the most important things is to know when to use effective communication, even when fear is involved. A more concise, specific issue would be, are people be more likely to carry out a feared communication task if there’s a reward? Also, what makes people get over anxiety to face their fears, taking part in a feared communication task? This idea has been explored and theories have been created to further research the issue. Here, however, the gap pertaining to someone missing specific context in the work place for this are public speaking, proposals, interviews, speeches, and presentations will be further explored. There is truly a case to be made about someone’s specific job level and their motivation to complete a feared work task. This paper will attempt to give backgro...
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...that I have used can be beneficial in many ways and I am confident that my hypothesis can be supported.
References
Beatty, M. J. (1987). Communication apprehension as a determinant of avoidance, withdrawal and performance anxiety. Communication Quarterly, 35(2), 202-217.
Holbrook, Hilary Taylor (1987). ERIC/RCS Report: The Quiet Student in Your Classroom, Language Arts, 64(5) 554-57.
Shermis, Michael (1989). Communication Apprehension. [Bloomington, IN]: ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills, 15(1) 1-4.
Tietjen, M. A., & Myers, R. M. (1998). Motivation and job satisfaction. Management decision, 36(4), 226-231.
Yashima, T., Zenuk‐Nishide, L., & Shimizu, K. (2004). The influence of attitudes and affect on willingness to communicate and second language communication. Language Learning, 54(1), 119-152.
It is believed that a person’s attitude influences their memory. Many researchers have conducted experiments on this hypothesis. It has been determine that attitude does have an effect on memory; however, there has been discrepancies in the research results to what extent am individual’s attitude has on recall of past behavior (Aronson, 2012, pp. 164-165). Research done in 1943 by Levine and Murphy indicated that people tend to remember information that supports their social attitude rather than information that does not (Aronson, 2012, pp. 165). Similarly, earlier research looked at the effect attitude had on behavior and memory and found a negative correlation among the two (Aronson, 2012). Moreover, subsequent research has not conclusively determined that a person’s attitude influences their memory. Aronson reminds us that there is still room for further research to determine exactly the extent to which attitudes effect memory (2012).
benefits, and now science is backing that up. More and more studies are being conducted to
To function effectively in today’s society people must communicate with one another. Yet for some individuals communication experiences are so unrewarding that they either consciously or unconsciously avoid situations where communication is required. (McCroskey & Richmond, 1979) The term ‘communication apprehension’ was coined by James McCroskey (1976a) and is defined as “an individual’s level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons” (McCroskey, 1984). In the last two decades communication apprehension and related constructs, such as reticence and unwillingness to communicate, have received extensive research and theoretical attention by scholars in communication and psychology. In 1984, Payne and Richmond listed over 1000 entries in a bibliography of publications and papers in this area (Payne & Richmond, 1984). Overwhelmingly the underlying theme of the articles has been the negative effects that these constructs can have on academic and social success. It has been forwarded that two out of ten people suffer some form of communication apprehension (CA). The focus of this paper is on communication apprehension as a construct and on how it affects the behavior and lifestyle of an individual.
Percival, S. L., Thomas, J. G., Slone, W., Linton, S., Corum, L., & Okel, T. (2011). The efficacy
COMMUNICATION ANXIETY is very common in the world of PUBLIC SPEAKING mainly because of fear. Maybe the speaker is not sure how the audience will accept or feel about their message, so the in the result of this fear ends up becoming sweaty palms, scrambled thoughts, and stuttering from the speaker, and as for the audience, skeptical thoughts. The good news is that by implementing distinctive steps within fundamentals, delivery, and research, once fearful speakers can generate massive confidence and drastically reduce and even remove speaking anxiety.
Motivation is therefore the force that transforms and uplifts people to be productive and perform in their jobs. Maximising an employee's motivation is necessary and vital to successfully accomplish the organisation's objectives and targets. However this is a considerable challenge to any organisation's managers, due to the complexity of motivation and the fact that there is no ready made solution or an answer to what motivates people to work well (Mullins, 2002).
Peoples attitudes control our everyday life and it would be invaluable to accurately measure it. References Birch, A & Malim, T, (1998) “Introductory psychology, Hampshire, Palgrave. Cardwell et al, (1996) “Psychology for A Level”, London: Harper Collins Publishers Retrieved 24/11/2003, Attitude Measurement, http://webspace.utexas.edu/brixey9/www/frame.html.
One of the biggest fears I have had to overcome in high school is my fear of public speaking. I was always comfortable in the classroom; I loved discussing current events and explaining different biology and history to my friends, but I could not stand in front of them to give a presentation. Whenever I stood in front of my classmate speak, I would begin to shake so much that I could not read any notes I may have brought up with me. I was an absolute wreck and I hated that I could not overcome my phobia; however, my fear of public speaking is incredibly ironic because my sister teaches public speaking on a collegiate level. When I told my sister that I was horrified of standing up and speaking in front of my classmates, she was surprised. My sister told me that I could not let my fear stop me from speaking because I would likely never get over it. In addition, she
Employee motivation has always been a central problem in the workplace, and, as an individual in a supervisory position, it becomes one’s duty to understand and institute systems that ensure the proper motivation of your subordinates. Proper motivation of employees can ensure high productivity and successful workflow, while low worker motivation can result in absenteeism, decreased productivity rates, and turnover. A large body of research has been produced regarding motivation, and much of this research is applicable to the workplace. Due to the nature of man, motivation varies from individual to individual, and, because of this, there is no one system that is the best for ensuring worker motivation in every organizational situation, and, as a product, many theories have been created to outline what drives people to satisfactorily complete their work tasks. Throughout the course of this document, the three main types of these motivational theories will be outlined and examples of each, as well as how these theories can be used to further strengthen and sustain worker motivation....
In daily life, we need motivation to improve our performance in our job or in studies. Motivation is an internal force, dependent on the needs that drive a person to achieve. In the other words, motivation is a consequence of expectations of the future while satisfaction is a consequence of past events (Carr, 2005). We need to give reward to our self when we did correctly or we has achieve our target. Reward is something that we are given because we have behaved well, worked hard, or provided a service to the community. Theories of motivation can be used to explain the behavior and attitude of employees (Rowley, 1996; Weaver, 1998). The theories include content theories, based on assumptions that people have individual needs, which motivate their action. Meanwhile according to Robbins (2001), motivation is a needs-satisfying process, which means that when a person's needs are satisfied by certain factors, the person will exert superior effort toward attaining organizational goals. Schulze and Steyn (2003) affirmed that in order to understand people’s behavior at work, managers or supervisors must be aware of the concept of needs or motives which will help “move” their employees to act.Theories such as Maslow (1954), McClelland (1961), Herzberg (1966) and Alderfer (1969) are renowned for their works in this field. The intrinsic reward or also be known as motivators factors is the part of Herzberg motivation theory. Motivators are involve factors built into the job or the studies itself such as achievement, recognition, responsibility and advancement. Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job such as interpersonal relationship, salary, supervision and company policy (Herzberg, 1966. There have two factors that are called hygiene fac...
People’s behaviour is determined by what motivates them. The aim of this essay is to discuss the essence of the motivation and psychological strengths, its evolution, a brief overview of the key theories of the employees’ motivation and behaviour analysis. The main task is to understand how motivation affects employee behaviour and to clarify the importance of motivation. In this essay I will discuss and produce definitions and examples to answer the main question of what is the driving force and how do people’s needs influence performance at work?
Motivation is an important function in organizations to motivate their employees for their ability to perform well, improving their skills, increasing productivity, job satisfaction and employee extension. Employees also are not a machines that we could just program their task in their brain and they will do it automatically, they require motivation to actually do their job properly. And so, after discussing the process models of the Maslow’s “Hierarchy of needs”, Douglas McGregor theory X and Y, and also the Herzberg’s “two factor motivation hygiene theory.” understanding the ways of motivating people, the human nature, and the substance of nature. I believe that the true motivation can only come from within and also managers can actually motivate all of their employees.
Motivation is not only the outcome of single or few factors; rather it is the result of the interaction of both unconscious and conscious types of factor lying deep inside of an individual ("What is the motivation? Definition and meaning"). The interaction between these factors motivates or de-motivates an individual to a greater extent. To take an example, these factors can be the dedication or the commitment that an individual have towards the goal attainment, the level to which an individual values the reward, and the level to which an individual perceives that he or she is treated equally as with his or her peers. Out of all, this paper talks about the expectation factor that an individual has in his or her mind which motivates or
Motivation, as defined in class, is the energy and commitment a person is prepared to dedicate to a task. In most of organisations, motivation is one of the most troublesome problems. Motivation is about the intensity, direction and persistence of reaching a goal. During the class, we have learned a substantial theories of motivation and many theories of motivations are used in real business. Each theory seems to have different basic values. But, they all have been analysed for one reason, recognising what motivates and increases the performance of employees. Ident...
I discovered that I appeared healthier, felt more energized, and was more confident about my self-esteem.