Temperature Affects Membrane Integrity of Beta vulgaris Cells
Purpose:
The objective of this experiment was to examine the impact of various temperature stresses on discs of living beets (Beta vulgaris). A spectrophotometer was used to measure the A525 of each treated sample. These values were then compared to a standard curve to determine the concentration of each betacyanin solution.
Membranes are integral to survival. They separate the cell’s internal and external environments and define internal compartments of eukaryotic cells[Cite]. The findings of this experiment suggest that temperature based treatments, such as the liquid nitrogen used to treat warts, must be approached with caution. They may be effective in killing diseased cells
…show more content…
Countries whose climate may be too harsh to grow sugar cane may find that they can use beets for sugar production instead [CITE]. This would decrease their reliance upon sugar imports, reducing the emissions released into the atmosphere.
Procedure:
Beet discs 5mm in length were placed into six different environments (-5℃, 4℃, 22℃, 40℃, 50℃, and 70℃) before being vortexed at set intervals (t=0, t=5 minutes, t=10minutes). After the third vortex, a 5mL sample of the aliquot analyzed with a spectrophotometer. The A525 reading was then used in conjunction with the slope of the standard curve of betacyanin to determine the concentration of betacyanin in the sample. [Lab manual 2016]
The experiment utilized a negative control group of beet cells at room temperature (approximately 22℃) because 22℃ represents the normal growing temperature of beets
…show more content…
Beets grown within that temperature range will have more stable membranes, allowing them to flourish. Because of this broad range, beets may be able to grow in many places around the world with little impact on production.
Future research should test a wider ranger of temperatures. In addition to pinpointing an ideal growing temperature, exploring the effect of higher and lower temperatures could test the tentative conclusions from this experiment that membranes are less affected by warmer environments than by cold environments and potentially identify a temperature threshold at which membranes begin to drastically lose their integrity. Repetitions of this experiment should include more trials to increase accuracy and more consistent treatments. Instead of leaving the beet discs in a -5℃ environment for months and the other discs in their environments for two minutes, the beet discs should all be placed in the different temperatures until all of their internal temperatures match that of their
We placed elodea plants into three different beakers and labelled them. Since, we are trying to find how temperature can affect the rate of production of carbon dioxide, we had to place them in different temperatures. So, we labelled the first beaker “Elodea heat” and placed it in a water bath that produced sufficient amount of heat. We labelled the second one “Elodea cool” which was placed in an ice bath filled with ice. The next one “Elodea RT” where the elodea was placed under normal room temperature without any interference. And we named the last one “No Elodea” where we placed no elodea in it and kept the beaker in a dark
The data we gathered was tested to be as accurate as possible. Our prediction on the solvents did not support our data that we collected. The cause of this could be due to human error when washing the beets or the cutting of the beets. The beets were not perfectly cut the same size, so some beet pieces were bigger than others which can affect the final the final result. We followed each step and followed the time limits cautiously. I can say if we were to redo the experiment our results would be similar because we would attempt to do the experiment as close as we did the first
Pillbugs are also known as terrestrial isopods but non scientific names include sow bugs and woodlice. These terrestrial isopods are in the class of crustaceous, this class includes lobsters and crabs and is part of a larger group named arthropoda. Pillbugs have four pairs of mouthparts, and have multiple flexible joints. Pillbugs also have a flat and rounded back, wide head, 14 legs with 7 pairs all together, and they have the ability to roll into a ball when in danger. Pillbugs have 7 main “trunks”and have multiple overlain gills which allow the insect breathe. The diet of a pillbug consists of dead or decaying plant or animals, and pillbugs are both scavengers and omnivores. Due to their gills pillbugs live in areas with high humidity such as under fallen trees, logs, rocks, bushes, and wet leaves. In our hypothesis we state that if the pillbugs are accustomed to breathing water, then they will be drawn to the less sweet liquids.
Measuring The Rate Of Osmosis In Potato Cells Skill Area P. Osmosis is defined as free water molecules diffusing from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Variables - The rate of osmosis effected by many different living things, temperature of the solutions, surface area over which it can occur, Volume of solution, Volume of potato, distance through which the free water molecules have to pass and finally the difference in concentration of the solutions. This final factor is the one that we are going to test during the experiment. The temperature increase causes the cells to expand so the whole potato expands. Different volumes of potatoes at different temperatures could be measured, however trying to measure the temperature of a potato effectively without causing defects in other results would be quite hard with the equipment we are using.
Experiment #1: The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of baking soda and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of green spinach leave through the observation of floating disk.
All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane, which has a semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer (Mitchell, 2015, Flinders University). A membrane is comprised of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates (Mitchell, 2015, Flinders University). Membrane permeability is determined by the structure of the membrane, meaning some larger substances will not pass through the membrane (Flinders University, 2015, p.36). Substances can enter the membrane passively (without the use of energy) or actively (requiring the use of ATP) (Mitchell, 2015, Flinders University). Beta Vulgaris (beetroot) contains a red pigment called Betalain, which is too large to pass
and phospholipid bi-layer, and allowing the beetroot pigment to leak.
One of these vulnerabilities is heat stress and how it affects the photosynthetic process. According to a study, “Photosynthesis is particularly sensitive to heat stress and recent results provide important new insights into the mechanisms by which moderate heat stress reduces photosynthetic capacity” (Sharkey). Heat stress can be highly inconvenient to the photosynthetic process since is can decrease the photosynthetic rate near to zero. What happens is “Moderate heat stress can stimulate dark reduction of plastoquinone and cyclic electron flow in the light” (Sharkey). This can be harmful to the plants as it can completely jeopardize the whole
This experiment was performed to test two hypotheses concerning the plant hormone gibberellic acid and a mutant rosette shaped phenotype of the plant Brassica rapa. This experiment was done in order to test the effects o gibberellic acid on plants and its effect on rosette shaped complexes. The two hypotheses in this experiment are as follows: Hypothesis number one states that Gibberellic acid allows for stem elongation in plants. Hypothesis number two. The rosette complex in the rosette phenotype plant contains less gibberellic acid naturally and therefore grows shorter.
For the lab experiment for testing the stability of beet cell membranes using pH, many materials were used as follows. Obtaining a beet we punch out cores, using a cork borer. After washing the cores we put each one inside a separate test tube, and added a different pH solution in each one. After 3 minutes in these exposure solutions, we took the beet out with a dissecting needle. Then transferred each beet to a separate test tube containing deionized water. After 20 minutes in these diffusion solutions, we took the beets out with a dissecting needle and discard it. We then stirred each solution in the test tube with a stirring rod, and transferred it to a cuvette. A spectrophotometer was then calibrated, and used to measure the absorbance of each exposure solution, and diffusion solution.
They also contain a certain pigment called betalain which gives the beets their rich colors. When buying foods, most consumers believe in purchasing fresh foods rather than canned. However research has showed that whether buying fruits or vegetables that are canned or brought out fresh, they contain almost similar nutritional statuses. The only difference is the amount of sodium within the food. For canned beets, there is a higher amount of sodium content than with fresh raw beets. After comparing two different brands of canned beets, one of the brands had contained more amounts of sodium and calories. The Libby Sliced Beets can contain about 875 mg of sodium and about 140 calories whereas in the Hengstenberg Sliced Beets had about 390 mg of sodium and about 55 calories. According to Libby and many other canned brands, the levels of sodium and calorie content are exaggerated almost 30%. After observing both products, I saw the Libby Sliced Beets had a U.S. grade standard of Grade C. This product had listed a small ingredient list which consisted of beets, salt, and water. From this list we can see that this product didn’t go through very much processing. Most canned beets contain no added additives or preservatives. This helps the food in keeping all of the nutrients and vitamins within the food from the day it was processed and packaged to the end of the expiration date.
Beets are an extremely nutritious food choice that is also tasty and delicious. Beets can be eaten raw or cooked, but the raw pressed beetroot juice produces the greatest health enhancing effects. The bright red juice contains a substantial amount of antioxidants, naturally occurring nitrates, betaine and iron; all of these are super healthy ingredients that are particularly high in beets. There are many well known health benefits of eating beets. Just to list a few, beets are nature’s Viagra, high in vitamins and minerals, a high source of energy, they are known to cleanse the body, help with mental health, and used as a stomach acid tester. There is no food closer to the color of blood than the juice of a beet. Beetroot juice is specifically known for lowering blood pressure and purifying the bloodstream, but it also increases athletic performance by improving cardiovascular health and reducing inflammation in the body.
Unlike anthocyanins, betalains are not pH indicators, i.e. they do not change colour when the pH is lowered. Beetroot pigments are unstable at high temperatures, but the chemistry depends on a number of variables. Including the pH and composition of the solution, oxygen concentration and how long the solution is heated. However for the cell membranes an increase in temperature weakens the structure, just as the decrease in temperature decreases membrane fluidity until death, the increase in temperature does likewise until the membrane ruptures by the phospholipids breaking down to produce holes in the membrane, this is what will release the
· The beetroot piece is then placed into a tube of 5 cm of distilled
The experiments we conducted studied the effect of different temperatures on germinating beans and how effective the cellular respiration of these beans are under these varying conditions. We performed two experiments, the first with temperature at 22ºC and the second with the temperature at 13ºC, both as the independent variable. Then, we measured the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen from the bean container as the dependent variable. Our hypothesis was that the germinating beans respiration would be most effective at the room temperature. Our null hypothesis was that temperature wouldn’t have any effect on the germinating bean's respiration ability. Our resulting data rejected our null hypothesis in that temperature definitely affected the germinating beans effectiveness at respiration, and in fact the most effective temperature were the same as the temperatures the beans would naturally be conducting cellular respiration at, 22ºC.