The Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Wild Type and Rosette Brassica rapa Plants
Intro
This experiment was performed to test two hypotheses concerning the plant hormone gibberellic acid and a mutant rosette shaped phenotype of the plant Brassica rapa. This experiment was done in order to test the effects o gibberellic acid on plants and its effect on rosette shaped complexes. The two hypotheses in this experiment are as follows: Hypothesis number one states that Gibberellic acid allows for stem elongation in plants. Hypothesis number two. The rosette complex in the rosette phenotype plant contains less gibberellic acid naturally and therefore grows shorter.
Plant hormones are certain chemicals present in plants that control plant growth and development by affecting the division, differentiation, and elongation of cells. (Campbell, 2008) Each hormone has multiple effects depending on its site of action, its concentrations, and the developing stage of the plant. (Campbell, 2008) Auxin is a plant hormone that is synthesized within the apical meristems and young leaves of a growing plant. Auxin stimulates stem elongation when it is present is low concentrations. It promotes the formations of lateral and adventitious roots, regulates development of fruit, enhances apical dominance, functions in gravitropism and phototropism, promotes vascular differentiation, and retards leaf abscission. Gibberellic acid is one of several plant hormones that govern a plant’s growth. Gibberellins allow for stem elongation in plants. Plants without enough of this hormone tend to grow short or stunted. This chemical is high in the element potassium, which is one the main components of plant fertilizer and very important for plant growth on its own. The...
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...aller or weaker looking of the two was taken out and destroyed. Once there was only one plant left within each cup, the plants were measured, watered, and replaced on the shelf to receive more light.
Two members of the group were instructed to visit the laboratory each day of the experiment to water and measure the plants (Handout 1). The measurements that were preformed were to be precise and accurate by the group by organizing a standardized way to measure the plants. The plants were measured from the level of the soil, which was flat throughout all the cups, to the tip of the apical meristems. The leaves were not considered. The watering of the plants took place nearly everyday, except for the times the lab was closed. Respective of cup label, the appropriate drop of solution was added to the plant, at the very tip of the apical meristems.
Day 8
The reason the plant will grow taller and at a faster rate is because of the properties that plant food has. Plant food provides crucial nutrients to the plant that will make it stronger. It also gives the plant energy to
Although, this experiment is not concluded outdoors, it is provided with efficient light that promotes growth. It’s provided with soil, seed, fertilizer, water and NaCl solutions, to test how salinity effects plant growth.
The Brassica rapa plants were bred to live in the colder states of America, such as Michigan and Wisconsin. Up there they have very few times it is actually warm enough for plant growth. So to take advantage of those few short moments, Dr. Williams bred a ...
We used Brassica rapa, a fast plant the rapidly reproduces, in an experiment that we performed a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross. We hypothesized that in the monohybrid cross, the F2 generation of Brassica rapa will follow Mendelian inheritance patterns and show a phenotypic ratio of 3 anthocyanin positive to 1 anthocyanin negative. If the F2 generation follows Mendelian inheritance patterns, then out of 1105 plants, 828.75 will be anthocyanin positive and 276.25 will be anthocyanin negative. For the dihybrid cross we hypothesized that the F2 generation of Brassica rapa will follow Mendelian inheritance patterns and show a phenotypic ratio of 9 Anthocyanin positive dark green to 3 anthocyanin positive yellowish green to 3 anthocyanin
Each plant species has a unique pattern of resource allocation that is genetically determined but not fixed. Plants can adjust there allocation pattern when they experience different environments and the presence of other species. Phenotypic plasticity goes hand in hand with resource allocation as well. When a plant has to adjust itʻs resource allocation, sometimes it uses itʻs resources to help the plant grow different characteristic so that the plant can have a greater chance of living in the environment. For example, if a plant from an environment that does not experience wind on the regular basis enters a new environment that has a lot of wind the plant may change itʻs resource allocation and spend more of itʻs resources growing deeper
To make the test fair I will use the same amount of water and the leaf
Gibberellins are one of the seven major classes of plant hormones. Wisconsin Fast Plants can possess genes which increase or decrease the amount of gibberellic acid synthesized as compared to other plants of the same species. To explore how gibberellins affect various types of Fast Plants, these plants were treated with different hormonal solutions and observations were recorded for nearly a week. More of the plants grew taller when exposed to gibberellic acid. However, there were variations in the ending average heights of the plants. While some genetic predispositions had influences on the height of the Fast Plants, the treatments with chemicals ultimately drove the lack or abundance of height relative to plants of the same phenotype. Specifically,
Levitt, Jacob. Responses of plants to environmental stresses. 2d ed. New York: Academic Press, 1980. Print.
The cultures were maintained at 25±20C under 16 hr illumination of 4000 lux intensity. The results are presented in Table 1, it can be seen from the data that pH of the medium had significant effect not only on regeneration frequency but also on number of shoots developed in each culture. Maximum 62.5±4.7 percent cultures in CoS 98259 and 67.3±4.9 percent in CoS 767 developed shoots at pH 6.0 while regeneration frequency was the lowest at pH 5.6. An increase in pH form 6.0 to 6.2 and 6.4 reduced the frequency of shoot regeneration from the callus (Table
Plant defences are those mechanisms employed by plants in response to herbivory and parasitism. According to Hanley et al. (2007), “the tissues of virtually all terrestrial, freshwater, and marine plants have qualities that to some degree reduce herbivory, including low nitrogen concentration, low moisture content, toxins or digestibility-reducing compounds”. The type of chemical defence may be species specific (Scott 2008). The defences that plants possess may be in the form of chemical production or in the form of physical defences such as thorns or spikes and even through reinforced, rigid leaves. “The compounds that are produced in response to herbivory can either have a direct effect on the attacker itself (e.g. toxins or digestibility reducers), or serve as indirect defenses by attracting the natural enemies of the herbivores” (Bezemer & van Dam 2005). This essay will focus on chemical plant defences and in particular the effects of terpenes, phenolics, nitrogen-based defences as well as allelopathy in plants.
Before the experiment was conducted, my hypothesis was that the higher concentration of gibberellic acid would cause the seedlings to grow taller. When the results were gathered, the raw data showed their was a correlation between the concentrations and how they tall the seedlings grew. Gibberellic acid is known to only promote shoot growth by cell elongation (Lang 1957). The plants that received .1% gibberellic acid did grow taller than the control, proving my hypothesis. There was a static difference between these two groups if looking at the means. Gibberellic acid is used by many farmers to promote healthy, taller, and stronger plants. Although there was no statical difference between most of the other groups, we can conclude that adding higher concentrations will give us better results if looking at the means. Redoing this experiment would provide an opportunity to retest the experiment by placing the plants in a different area in the greenhouse so they would not receive as much water. It would also provide a opportunity to try different concentration levels, such as .5%, and .25% to see if higher concentrations do promote or hinder plant growth. This experiment proved the hypothesis and tested vauble information about high concentrations of gibberellic acid and how it affects plants This experiment helped provide more evidence for future
under the parent plant (Wieseler, 2009). This growth habit is a primary reason the plant was
In the lab exercise regarding plant structure and function, we examined slides containing the different kinds of roots (monocot, dicot). We labeled the parts and pointed out the different roles of each in the plant structure. Also, we examined monocot stems and dicot stems in order to familiarize ourselves with its external and internal structures. We sketched and labeled the parts of the stem and looked closely at the positions of each part. In the last part of the lab, we classified leaves into different kinds according to their leaf venation, bases of leaves, and apices of leaves. As an additional exercise, we sketched 20 animals and classified them according to phylum and class. We were also able to discover the scientific and common names of the animals. Overall, the exercises we did enabled us to familiarize ourselves with plant structure thus, gaining a better understanding for plant life and its importance.
Biotechnology can be defined as a “collection of tools for modifying tree physiology and genetics to aid breeding, propagation and research” (Burdon and Libby 2006). These tools include the use of tissue culture, genetic engineering (genetic modification) and the use of genetic markers for marker assisted breeding (Harry and Strauss 2010).
There are many variants to Embryo Imposed dormancy, but the most common and best understood mechanism involves the hormone Abscisic acid (referred to ABA from here on out). The mechanism by which ABA works is pretty complicated without a background in genetics and biology, (inhibits promoter region of genes in plant DNA that would otherwise res...