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Experiments on effectiveness of antibiotics
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Recommended: Experiments on effectiveness of antibiotics
Introduction : in this lab we are trying to see what location makes bacteria grow faster and which one has the most . All bacteria reproduce and their DNA floats freely in cell . Eubacteria contains cell wall made of peptidoglycan, but archaebacterias cell wall isn't made of peptidoglycan. Eubacteria is found everywhere but archaebacteria is found in extreme hostile environments.
Question : what location in this classroom contains the most bacteria ?
Hypothesis : if we swab a q-tip on a cell phone, a door handle; and a computer mouse then I feel as if the door handle will have the most bacteria .
Variables :
Dv: how much bacteria it has ?
Iv: the location we choose
Cv: the dish we use
Materials : petri dish with nutrient sugar, cotton swab, marker, samanthas disgusting cell phone, door
…show more content…
We don't pay attention to all the things we do to spread bacteria so they just keep reproducing to gain more and more.
Bacteria can be good and bad . If we take antibiotics to get rid of them they will die off , but not if we take it wrong . If you skip a day of antibiotics then the ones that haven't died off the first time will become resistant since they already have had that antibiotic used on them . They adapt to taking in that antibiotics and they survive so they are able to reproduce more bacteria that will also be antibiotic resistant.
The results on my experiment show the bacteria in a nasty form and if we show the people, im sure they will not want that bacteria to be in there system taking over. In the stimulation it showed that bacteria reproduces by twos so they keep coming and coming . If they see that , no one will want a total of 78,000 bacteria in their system . In the article it shows that 20,000 people die yearly from just one kind of Bacteria and showing people that fact will change them because I'm sure no one wants to die from something that can be prevented
In this lab project, the microbiology students were given 2 unknown bacteria in a mixed broth each broth being numbered. The goal of this project is to determine the species of bacteria in the broth. They had to separate and isolate the bacteria from the mixed broth and ran numerous tests to identify the unknown bacteria. The significance of identifying an unknown bacteria is in a clinical setting. Determining the exact bacteria in order to prescribe the right treatment for the patient. This project is significant for a microbiology students because it gives necessary skills to them for future careers relating to clinical and research work.
The purpose of this laboratory is to learn about cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics that are used in identifying bacterial isolates. Besides identifying the unknown culture, students also gain an understanding of the process of identification and the techniques and theory behind the process. Experiments such as gram stain, negative stain, endospore and other important tests in identifying unknown bacteria are performed. Various chemical tests were done and the results were carefully determined to identify the unknown bacteria. First session of lab started of by the selection of an unknown bacterium then inoculations of 2 tryptic soy gar (TSA) slants, 1 nutrient broth (TSB), 1 nutrient gelatin deep, 1 motility
Phenotypic methods of classifying microorganisms describe the diversity of bacterial species by naming and grouping organisms based on similarities. The differences between Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes are basic. Bacteria can function and reproduce as single cells but often combine into multicellular colonies. Bacteria are also surrounded by a cell wall. Archaea differ from bacteria in their genetics and biochemistry. Their cell membranes are made with different material than bacteria. Just like bacteria, archaea are also single cell and are surrounded by a cell wall. Eukaryotes, unlike bacteria and archaea, contain a nucleus. And like bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes have a cell wall. The Gram stain is a system used to characterize bacteria based on the structural characteristics of their cell walls. A Gram-positive cell will stain purple if cell walls are thick and a Gram-negative cell wall appears pink. Most bacteria can be classified as belonging to one of four groups (Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive bacilli, Gram-negative cocci, and Gram-negative bacilli) (Phenotypic analysis. (n.d.).
our everyday lives bacteria is constantly surrounding us, some of the bacterium that we encounter are beneficial to us but then there are the ones that are severely detrimental to our health. The way that they effect a persons body can differ from person to person. Many of the “microscopic foes” are very resilient and have a very fast reproduction rate. Not only do they reproduce quickly they sometimes seem to outsmart our immune system and not allow our bodies to fight the infection making it almost impossible to stop them. One thing that a lot if people rely on is the assistance of prescription drugs to get them better but even the drugs are not being effective and we can’t stop the pathogens from invading our personal places such as work, home, school, or anywhere. Even though modern medicine is advancing the pathogens could still get the get the best of us. The scary thing is we never know when the next pandemic or epidemic is going to arise. All it needs is some ordinary microbe to swap genes with a deadly germ to produce a “super pathogen” and it could happen to anyone, anywhere, as it did to Jeannie Brown who is from “our neck of the woods”.
Bacteria play a large role in our health, the environment, and most aspects of life. They can be used in beneficial ways, such as decomposing wastes, enhancing fertilizer for crops, and breaking down of substances that our bodies cannot. However, many bacteria can also be very harmful by causing disease. Understanding how to identify bacteria has numerous applications and is incredibly important for anyone planning to enter the medical field or begin a career in research. Having the background knowledge of identifying an unknown bacteria may one day aid healthcare professionals diagnose their patient with a particular bacterial infection or help researchers determine various clinical, agricultural, and numerous other uses for bacteria.
Resistance arises from mutations that are not under the control of humans, but the evolution of bacteria has been sped along by the overexposure of antibiotics to both people and animals. The number of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in an area is closely related to the frequency that antibiotics that are prescribed (Todar, 2012). Patients often unnecessarily demand antibiotics to treat common colds or simple illnesses that are not caused by bacteria. Instead, these infections are caused by viruses which, unlike bacteria, are unaffected by antibiotics. Incorrect diagnosis can also lead patients to using unnecessary antibiotics, which can sometimes be even more dangerous than otherwise left untreated. Besides the fact that antibiotics kill off beneficial bacteria in the intestines, misuse of antibiotics provides an opportunity ...
During her presentation, Bonnie Bassler expends many different aspects of communication in a bacterial level and how successful communication is important to survival and efficient functioning. It is evident from her presentation that without a common language to communicate with, bacteria could not work as efficiently as they do, neither to immunize people nor create havoc in them. In her presentation, Bassler asserts the importance of the use of language in communication in bacteria, using rhetorical appeals – logical, ethical and emotional – and how it is consequently related to humans.
Inconsistencies in this lab could have caused variations in data collecting. Collecting data from one petri dish was challenging because something could have been different on other petri dishes if this experiment was tested on several petri dishes. This could have been different because the other petri dishes could have had more micro-organisms in Section 2 instead of Section 1, or no bacteria could have grown at all in every section of the petri dish.- Second, nothing grew in section B even though there were no disinfectants in that section. The reason why the bacteria and mold might have grown in sections 1, 2, and 3 was because in the process of making the experiment, the coffee filter papers were touched with glove free hands and were not clean. If this lab was run again, some changes would be to wear rubber gloves, do not pour the hand sanitizers on the coffee filter paper but just pour one pump straight into the petri dish, have more than one petri dish to collect data off of, and check when the last time someone cleaned the door knob
In our Biology Lab we did a laboratory experiment on fermentation, alcohol fermentation to be exact. Alcohol fermentation is a type of fermentation that produces the alcohol ethanol and CO2. In the experiment we estimated the rate of alcohol fermentation by measuring the rate of CO2 production. Both glycolysis and fermentation consist of a series of chemical reactions, each of which is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Two of the tables substituted some of the solution glucose for two different types of solutions. They are as followed, Table #5 substituted glucose for sucrose and Table #6 substituted the glucose for pH4. The equation for alcohol fermentation consists of 6 Carbons 12 Hydrogens 6 Oxygen to produce 2 pyruvates plus 2 ATP then finally the final reaction will be 2 CO2 plus Ethanol. In the class our controlled numbers were at Table #1; their table had 15 mL Glucose, 10 mL RO water, and 10 mL of yeast which then they placed in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius. We each then measured our own table’s fermentation flasks every 15 mins for an hour to compare to Table #1’s controlled numbers. At
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
These infections are very dangerous because they often cannot be treated by antibiotics as the microorganisms have developed antibiotic resistance and are strong enough to have survived the sterilization procedures. Hospital Acquired Infections are often transmitted when health care providers become remiss and do not follow proper hygiene procedures. In response to the incidence of hospital acquired infections and the development of antibiotic resistant microbes, as well as an increased desire for protection against the outbreak of infectious diseases and a growing demand for superior hygiene, many scientists, researchers, and health care providers have begun working to develop new technologies to address the health concerns of the world today. Their approaches include working to develop new antibiotics, working to develop other technologies such as nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties that can be integrated into commercial products, and informing health care providers and the general public on common and simple ways to greatly reduce the amount of
Antibiotics kill bacteria causing the illness and unfortunately as well kill off good bacteria that protects the body from infections. This alone is a problem because now the drug resistant bacteria can spread itself through a process called conjugation when a bacterium transfers genetic material from one bacteria to another. The drug resistant has now allowed the opportunity to multiply, “grow” and take over.
This may sound like the beginning of a horror movie, but it isn’t. It is actually a very basic description of a very broad subject: microbiology.
Why is the human body full of viruses and other bacteria? Most foods we eat even the air we breath is full of nasty bacteria floating around in them. Even Medicines are full of viruses that are reconstructed to be antibodies, helping the body fight off illnesses. So, what happens when the body has to deal with the same viruses over a long period of time? Well, It is believed that a superbug is formed. A superbug is a mutated stronger version of the main virus that has a immunity to the medicine made to kill it. The human body makes antibodies on its own at a sluggish rate. Therefore, medicines with antibodies are made to speed up the process of producing antibodies.
Every day we come into contact with things that we don't realise may contain germs and don't give a second thought to. Banisters, taxi door handles, and even newspapers may be contaminated. We have no way of knowing who has touched these items before, and whether these people had clean hands.