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Operant conditioning strategies
Operant conditioning strategies
Operant conditioning strategies
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This book covers some psychological perspectives, among those perspectives my favorite was the Behavior Learning perspective, more detailed, The B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning. I like this perspective because I found some inside about what punishment and reinforment are and how to manage it better. This perspective explains how we can change behavior by the use of reinforcement which is given after the desired response. The three types of responses followed by the behavior were: The Neutral responses that neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior being repeated. The Reinforcers which increase the probability of a behavior being repeated. In addition, the Reinforcers can be either positive or negative, the Positive reinforcement …show more content…
Each one of them had something that interested me and I like, for example Psychoanalytic perspective talks about how human behavior is the result of the id, ego, and superego. Which is something that make sense for me. For this, I am unable to choose a least favorite because I like each perspective and there is no least favorite. Question #4 Thinking a couple of years back, maybe 2 years back, I remember taking statistic and anatomy. I do remember many of the things that I learned from statistic class, it was very interesting and helpful. On the other hand, I don’t remember much about my anatomy class, I don’t really think it means that I didn’t learn much. The reason to this is because I may not remember many of the names or terms, but I do remember the concept of the things. If I start talking about the bones, I may not get all correct but I can tell about the placement and other thing about it. We all have different way to relate thing, even if we don’t remember terms, or many of things, our brain still has it and once we find it, we will be able to use it and we may have to review the material, but at the end, even if we don’t remember much, we did learn something and beneficiated from the
1. Summary: From small incidences, we can distinguish two types of people: the ones who sigh in frustration out of small mistakes and those who promptly deal with them without uttering any more than a single complaint or sigh. According to Michael D. Robinson(PHD at North Dakota State University), how we cope with these most dull incidents can reveal a lot about us as humans and our temperaments. In fact, this small deviation in behavior can prove detrimental to our health long term. Just as significantly stressful events can cause stress hormones to flood throughout our body, these small incidents can harm us according to Nancy Nicolson(associate professor of psychiatry and psychology at Maastricht University). Furthermore, Nicolson points to a 10-15% increase in cortisol levels for such small annoyances, which may be small compared to the 100% increase that we usually experience from greatly stressful events such as tests, but when accumulated over time, can lead to a bad combined effect. Carmen Sandi further states that feeling chronically stressed can weaken the immune system and increase heart disease. Rosalind S. Dorlen adds on, claiming that mental strategies can be practiced to help us exercise the brain region responsible for reasoning as long as we train ourselves to deal with this persistent tissue. Next, the article lists 5 signs of stress and how to deal with them. Often, we feel inconvenienced about a situation such as when a bus comes late and view our waiting of it as a “waste of time”. Perhaps, Dorlen concludes, we should try to see why the bus may have been late and take the issue from their perspective such as a maj...
I read the book entitled Tuesdays With Morrie by Mitch Albom. It was an amazing, non-fiction book about a dying old man and what he teaches to his student. Morrie Schwartz was one of Mitch’s professors at Brandeis University in Massachusetts. Morrie was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or ALS, in 1994. This book is about the last few months of his life, and the interactions Morrie had with Mitch during that time.
I have chosen the book We are all completely beside ourselves, and I have taken a more scientific approach to it, which is why I have the lab coat on.
The Boy who couldn’t stop Washing written by DR. Judith Rapoport, published by Penguin books in 1989, containing 292 pages, deals with obsessive compulsive disorder. Dr. Rapoport is a psychiatrist who specializes in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In this, book she reveals new drug treatments, new methods in diagnosis and behaviorist therapies. This is done through the study of her patients and their disorders. Rapoport has revealed this secret disease and hopes to bring and understanding about it to all that may suffer from it and to anyone who may want to be informed. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in learning about OCD. It may help those who face this disease everyday of their lives, and make them realize they are not alone. Also will aid in those who do not know much about this disease and give them and understanding and be aware that it surrounds us.
Once we have learned something I believe that we will always remember it, we may forget about it at a certain time, but if we ever came across the information again, it will be retrieved from our long term memory. Just because we do not use all the information we learn it is still stored in your memory, so in all actuality we never really forget anything. If information isn’t stored in our memory then learning would be pointless.
Altogether this study has helped us learn more about the brain and memory. Learning is measured thorough when a student can reiterate the right answer to a question. In this study, students in one conditions learned forging language vocabulary words in standard example of recurrent study exam trials. In three other conditions, once a student had correctly formed the language item, it was constantly studied but dropped from further testing. Repeatedly tested but dropped from the further study or just dropped from both the study and also the test. The results reveal the critical part of retrieval practice in combining education and shows that even college students seem naive of the fact.
Think of a behavior of a family member, friend, co-worker or other significant person in your life. Using what you know about classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning, examine how the person ‘learned’ this behavior and develop a plan using these same theories to change the behavior.
Skinners theory for operant conditioning has been created upon the idea that learning is a purposeful change in obvious behavior. The diverse types of operant conditioning are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and becoming extinguished. Positive reinforcement happens when a behavior is revealed, and the outcome becomes more common to future actions. An example of this type of behavior is when feeding time comes around for my dog, Grimm; he has learned to sit when I raise my hand in order to receive his food. This behavior has been learned through positive reinforcement in order to receive what he is wanting in the end. As for negative reinforcement behavior becomes stronger as a result of removing, avoiding, or stopping a negative outcome. My daughter tends to whine when a certain food she dislikes is on her plate at meal times. Note: She is fine before she realizes the food she dislikes is placed in front of her. Her whining then causes me to remove this food she does not like; therefore the whining is being negatively reinforced by the removal of the food which is an example of
Tony Buzan, is the creator of mind mapping and an expert on memory and the brain. In an interview conducted by Scholastic he stated, “Many think of memory as rote learning, a linear stuffing of the brain with facts, where understanding is irrelevant. When you teach it properly, with imagination and association, understanding becomes a part of it” (2011). In other words, it is important to make sure that students are not just remembering information just to pass the test, but remembering it in a way that they can use the information later on. Memory has play a key role in education because without it, students would not remember the concept of plot or a formula for a math problem. Memories are complex and researchers are not 100% sure how memories
The psychologist B. F Skinner believed that “changes in behavior are the result of an individual’s response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment” (All About Operant Conditioning, 2006, Para 2). The following paper will discuss a learning situation in which an exercise routine is thought. The paper will evaluate the application of instrumental conditioning to this learning situation. As part of the analysis the learning situation will be described, the paper will compare and contrast the concepts of positive and negative reinforcement as related to learning situation, and explain the role of reward and punishment in learning an exercise routine. Finally, the paper will explain which form of instrumental conditioning would be most effective in teaching someone an exercise routine. Instrumental conditioning is the learning procedure that believes that “the organism must act in a certain way before it is reinforced; that is, reinforcement is contingent on the organism’s behavior” (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2005, pg 23). The major contributors of Instrumental conditioning are B.F Skinner, John Watson, and Edward Thorndike. These three theorists believed that “learning is the result of the application of consequences; that is, learners begin to connect certain responses with certain stimuli” (Huitt & Hummel, 1997, Para 1). In society the behaviors individuals manifest are learned behaviors which are learned through some form of conditioning.
B.F. Skinner is a major contributor to the Behavioral Theory of personality, a theory that states that our learning is shaped by positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, modeling, and observation. An individual acts in a certain way, a.k.a. gives a response, and then something happens after the response. In order for an action to be repeated in the future, what happens after the response either encourages the response by offering a reward that brings pleasure or allows an escape from a negative situation. The former is known as positive reinforcement, the latter known as negative reinforcement (Sincero, 2012). A teenager who received money for getting an “A” is being positively reinforced, while an individual who skips a class presentation is being negatively reinforced by escaping from the intense fear and anxiety that would have occurred during the presentation.
Psychologist B.F. Skinner studied the ways in which rewards and punishments affect how people behave. He believed that he could make anyone do anything with the right reward or punishment. Just as his experiment with the mouse shows, he could get the mouse to push the button by rewarding him with food every time he pushed the button. For my example, I will be showing how reward and punishment affect the way a child behaves in class or at home. A child who misbehaves in class will continue to misbehave in class or at home unless an authority figure, such as a teacher, intervenes and punishes the child for the behavior.
I have discovered that my study skills and memory has changed over the years. During my youth I did have a vivid photographic memory (eidetic imagery); presently, I can see the contents of a picture or of a page in a book, it is just not as clear as it once was. I keep up on current events (semantic memory); to illustrate, events such as the jihadist terror attack in Paris and Brussels being flashbulb memories. When it comes to study most of us probably need to hone our
Remembering is the cornerstone to thinking being that you must first know information before you can make a decision/ think critically. I use this skill by getting the information that is relevant and important. For example, in class I obtain the notes (facts, terms, charts, or etc.) in a variety of ways such as writing, illustrating, or demonstrating verbally. This is key in order to transition to the other levels because you need a foundation of knowledge before you can move into the higher levels. This critical thinking skill also helps when making decisions. An example would be in regard to deciding which college to attend. It’s key to have a background knowledge of the different college options. The information needed would
Students learn by relating new information and experiences to existing knowledge or by having experiences that allow them to reject prior conceptions in favor of more accurate frameworks.