Psychologist B.F. Skinner studied the ways in which rewards and punishments affect how people behave. He believed that he could make anyone do anything with the right reward or punishment. Just as his experiment with the mouse shows, he could get the mouse to push the button by rewarding him with food every time he pushed the button. For my example, I will be showing how reward and punishment affect the way a child behaves in class or at home. A child who misbehaves in class will continue to misbehave in class or at home unless an authority figure, such as a teacher, intervenes and punishes the child for the behavior. For example, if a child pushes another child at recess, the child will continue to think that pushing children is okay, unless …show more content…
This is because children enjoy being rewarded for the things that they do. In this case, rewarding the child for good and respectful behavior will condition them to continue acting in such a manner. Another example would be in the case of my brother. When he doesn’t do his homework, he doesn’t get to play his Xbox, but when he does complete his homework, and complete it well, my mom will let him play his Xbox. This is an example of positive punishment. Just like the experiment done by B.F. Skinner where the tiger got rewarded with his food when he pushed the button, my brother gets rewarded with his Xbox when he completes his homework. An example of a negative punishment would be in the case of my friend’s toddler. Her daughter would not help pick up her toys around the house. So as a negative punishment, my friend would take away a toy every time she refused to help pick up. This is negative punishment because the toddler is having something taken away from her every time she chooses to behave in that manner. It conditions the child to help pick up because she doesn’t want a toy taken away from
One example of a character being punished because of their actions was when Harry locked ben out of the House. In the film, Ben, and Tom both went outside to try and fill the truck with gas. When things started to go south for the two, Ben tried to retreat to the house but Harry locked him out. When Ben finally breached the door and got inside, he beat up Harry punishing him for locking him out. Another example is when again when Harry pulled the gun on Ben at the end of the film. Harry threatened Ben and everyone in the room at gunpoint. When Ben gained control of the weapon, he punished Harry by shooting him in the chest ending his life. The last term is Hedonism. An example of Hedonism in the Film is the zombies going to great lengths to kill and eat the humans. The zombies were persistent in the pursuit of pleasure of eating the humans in the house. This is a great example of
Positive reinforcement works by presenting something positive to the person after a desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when a child helps their mother with the dishes and the mothers rewards the child with ice cream. Negative reinforcement, is when a behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when the light goes green at a traffic light, the car in front of a person does not move. The person hates when this happens and from experience knows that honking the car’s horn gets cars that are in front of them to go
By avoiding conflict and avoiding punishment the child becomes accustomed to not receiving consequences. If this child were to step into a classroom and misbehave, teachers wouldn’t just overlook the issue, they would respond with punishment. A large part of life is actions and their consequences.
Positive feedback is all about promoting change in the behavior. I was raised within a household that rely on negative feedback and punishment to promote good behavior. Sometimes I did reward my nephews for positive behaviors but it was not done continuously or in a way that would result in positive behavior change. I come to believe that negative reinforcement was the key to ameliorating bad behaviors until I took notice the positive feedback I was given minimizes the bad attitudes and behaviors of the children. They were getting along well and whenever I praise one the others wanted to get that praise also, I believe that motivate them to behave appropriately. For instance, when one did a good deed I would make all the other clap while saying “well done” or something positive. It was a very long process because children do not change their ways from one day to the next, I couldn’t say I was very patience but see them attempt to better themselves, was what motivate
Out of positive reinforcement and punishment only the reinforcement was successful for my behaviour modification. I believe this was the case for a number of reasons but dominantly because the positive punishment had a lack of severity. The reason I came to this conclusion was because I realized in the case of positive reinforcement if I committed the operant response at least once my entire day of hard work would be ruined. When I made the switch to positive punishment I realized in the eventuality I performed the operant response I could just do the 50 push ups and be done with it. Upon comparison of my success and failure I reflected and realized if the punishment was more severe than 50 push ups I would not do it for actual fear and reluctance of doing the positive punishment. For example if the punishment was a 1000 push ups each repeated operant response I would most likely not bite my nails. I did enjoy the modified behaviour as my nails seemed fuller and less scarred but it was not long of an experiment enough so refraining from biting my nails was still a conscious action and took a lot of effort.
Throughout the process of growing up, punishments and rewards clearly mark what we should and should not do. Whether it is being sent to time out for pushing a classmate or earning an allowance for cleaning the dishes, we are programmed to know the difference between good and bad. When
... be purchasing snacks to have at home, for his son. Bill could inform Jess that if he does not stop throwing the tantrum, he will not purchases his regular snacks. If Jess does not stop, Bill should put back every item, that jess considers a treat, or really likes. This is another example of negative punishment, because Bill is taking away snacks jess likes. If Jess complies by behaving Bill can begin putting the desired items back in the cart, in which case he would be implementing negative reinforcement, because Jess’s good behavior is stopping the removal of the desired items.
Kids in general learn from the people in their environment. If they see something good that someone else does, they too will do the same thing. They are not able to control the way they think yet because their cognitive learning skills aren’t as strong as they are when you become an adult. If a child sees someone doing something bad instead of good, the same reaction as the first example will take place and that child will exhibit bad behavior. This goes hand in hand with the social learning theory. The social learning theory focuses on individual behavior. Kids are easily influenced by other kids in their age group bec...
Behavior modification is based on the principles of operant conditioning, which were developed by American behaviorist B.F. Skinner. In his research, he put a rat in a cage later known as the Skinner Box, in which the rat could receive a food pellet by pressing on a bar. The food reward acted as a reinforcement by strengthening the rat's bar-pressing behavior. Skinner studied how the rat's behavior changed in response to differing patterns of reinforcement. By studying the way the rats operated on their environment, Skinner formulated the concept of operant conditioning, through which behavior could be shaped by reinforcement or lack of it. Skinner considered his discovery applicable to a wide range of both human and animal behaviors(“Behavior,” 2001).
Burrhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner, an American behavioral psychologist, is best known for his experiments on changing behavior. With behavioral psychologists Pavlov and Watson as his inspiration, Skinner formulated his theory of operational conditioning. His idea of “shaping” behavior is prevalent in the parenting and teaching techniques of children and students.
There are three important concepts that are in this theory. They are antecedent, observable behavior, and consequences. When we are observing a child the first thing we want to do is understand what “triggers” their behavior. This concept is called antecedent, which is anything that comes before the behavior (Rizza 2014). There are two types of antecedents, direct and indirect. Direct is what happens immediately beforehand and indirect is not immediately before. The last concept is consequences, which is anything that happens after and is caused by the behavior performed (Rizza 2014). Once again, there are two different kinds of consequences, reinforcement and punishment. Reinforcement is what increases or strengthens a behavior so it will happen in the future. For example, one day Ms. W was so excited that a little boy named M was able to zipper his own jacket. She proceeded to give him a sticker and a high five. All of the other students saw how excited that Ms. W got and then they all wanted to zip their own jackets. The other concept is punishment; punishment is a way to decrease a child’s bad behavior. A punishment is anything from standing in the back of the line, going to the principles office, or taking a time out in the corner. Punishments are a way for a student to know what they did was wrong and not to do it again. An example of a punishment in my classroom
First of all, I was highly interested in the concept and various factors that together make up positive reinforcement. I had a premise that I could do some experimental work on the three children for whom I baby-sit during the week after school. They leave school full of energy and it is my job to get them to complete a series of tasks before the end of the evening. I imagined that some positive reinforcement might get them on their way to handling their responsibilities in a timelier manner. My first step was to come up with a specific instrumental response that would produce reinforcement. This took no time at all because by far the most painfully difficult thing for me to do is get the children to sit down and do their homework. I then spoke specifically to each child and asked them what they would rather choose as an after school activity. They named video games, television, and going to play with other neighborhood children. I had expected these types of answers from the children and made them into the positive reinforcers that would be contingent on the children’s performance of the instrumental response; namely completing their homework. I explained to the children that if they behaved and finished their homework, then directly following they could spend an hour doing an activity of their choice.
B.F. Skinner is a major contributor to the Behavioral Theory of personality, a theory that states that our learning is shaped by positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, modeling, and observation. An individual acts in a certain way, a.k.a. gives a response, and then something happens after the response. In order for an action to be repeated in the future, what happens after the response either encourages the response by offering a reward that brings pleasure or allows an escape from a negative situation. The former is known as positive reinforcement, the latter known as negative reinforcement (Sincero, 2012). A teenager who received money for getting an “A” is being positively reinforced, while an individual who skips a class presentation is being negatively reinforced by escaping from the intense fear and anxiety that would have occurred during the presentation.
.... I feel that in most cases, once a student has been punished through negative reinforcement for doing wrong, the student will attempt to correct such behavior in the future to avoid punishment. In addition, positive reinforcement should be given for those students who are the majority and behave, as well as for the students who are occasional troublemakers because positive reinforcement helps show what is correct behavior in response to bad behavior.
The definition of punishment is “a penalty inflicted for an offense, fault, etc.”. However, there are many forms of punishment. One type of punishment is “logical consequences, this technique is similar to natural consequences but involves describing to your child what the consequences will be for unacceptable behavior. The consequence is directly linked to the behavior. For example, you tell your child that if he doesn't pick up his toys, then those toys will be removed for a week” (Benaroch), taking away privileges, time outs, and corporal punishment or spanking.