An unlikely substance for humans to willingly inject into themselves, botulinum toxin is the endotoxin produced by the gram-negative, acidophilic anaerobe Clostridium botulinum. This neurotoxin, which causes muscular paralysis and can result in death due to respiratory failure, is extremely potent; just 50 grams would be enough to kill every person on the planet (Lindsay, 2013). The earliest recorded case of botulism poisoning occurred in 1735 in Europe. Assumed to be associated with a batch of sausage
What comes to your mind when you think of Botox? Maybe you imagine a dermatologist sticking needles into someone's cheeks, to make them nice and plump. Yet there's more than meets the eye when it comes to the benefits of Botox. It's more than getting rid of wrinkles and fine lines on the face. Don't believe us? Read on to discover eleven surprising uses for Botox. You may find yourself ready to receive Botox at our Minneapolis spa afterward. Get Acne Under Control Botox is a great way to manage
paper ... ..., Chen Y, Xie NC, Wang LJ. Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache 2012:32: 443-450. 26. Simpson LL. Identification of the characteristics that underlie botulinum toxin potency: implications for designing novel drugs. Biochimie 2000:82: 943-953. 27. Guyer BM. Mechanism of Botulinum Toxin in the Relief of Chronic Pain. Current review of pain
Botox Injections Botulinum toxin, also known as “Botox,” is a type of toxin injection used in modern medicine to reduce wrinkles and restore the aging face and body. There are two main types types: A and type B, which are used for treating disorders in the medical field which are available in various brands of botulinum injections including Botox, Xeomin, and Dysport. Skorin, (2004). Since 1989 the FDA approved botulinum injections for the treatment of facial wrinkles (as cited in Harvard Women’s
The only way to ensure that sterilization has occurred is to use the biological monitoring methods. This is because these are the only tests done which show whether or not actual microbial life has been killed. Biological methods are the only ones which are recommended by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the AAMI (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation), the AMA (American Medical Association), OSHA, and OSAP (Office Safety and Asepsis Procedures Foundation)
further extent. He noticed microbial growth on boiled pond water after being exposed to the air. To prove that this growth came from something living in the air, and not from the nonliving water, he designed an experiment. He boiled pond water to kill all the microbial growths. He then poured that water into two separate test tubes. He sealed one so that no air could get in, and left one open to the air. The one that was left open slowly became more and more cloudy with microbial growths. The sealed tube
most part, the project played a key role in increasing my confidence and helping me to understand various concepts pertaining to genetic analysis. It was this experience that motivated me to seek a position as a teacher' s assistant for a course in Microbial and Viral Genetics. As a TA, I learned how demanding the teaching situation is and how much teaching a course can contribute to my own learning. By this time, after discovering my passion for research and the joy of teaching, I began to seriously
Nature has many toxins it uses to protect itself against predators. Toxins in nature can either kill humans or can do damage to the body. In the animal and plant kingdom there are toxins deadly to humans, but we have found ways to combat some of them. How do the toxins in nature affect the body and how does man fight back? Many plants are poisonous from poison ivy and poison sumac to flowers used in bouquets such as larkspur and lily of the valley. Plants spread their poisons in different ways
Today, English has so many weird phenomena’s around the usage of certain words. Using a word can mean something completely different within certain community’s. It is also hard to stay up to date with all the slang and culture shifts around our language. For example, the word toxicity has so many different meanings and ways to apply it. I will show people proper and improper ways to use the word. I will also take people through the origin and the gaming community that uses it. Toxicity: the quality
replacements that are much less harmful or toxic. And sixth, and perhaps most discouragingly, many of us knowingly buy and use these chemicals without a moment's hesitation. Do you think you have been dowsed with chemicals (i.e., overly exposed to toxins found in our environment)? Well, how would you know if you were? If you have lived in Illinois for most of your life, you have certainly been dowsed, and the older you are the more exposure you have undergone. In fact, if you have lived anywhere
diseases with these symptoms, many people wait to go to the doctor. Waiting only makes it worse. To treat necrotizing fasciitis, you need to go to have surgery to remove the infected area. You will be given antibiotics first, to slow down the bacterial toxins from decaying tissue faster. Surgery is the best way to ensure that the disease is gone, because having surgery to remove the infected area will completely get rid of the disease. The surgery only works if you see your doctor as soon as you think
as its only host and reservoir. It has multiple virulence factors that allow it to be an aggressive pathogen. B. pertussis has several virulence factors, mainly involving proteins that have been separated into 2 main classifications: adhesions and toxins. The adhesions category consists of the following: filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), fimbriae (FIM), and pertactin (PRN). FHA is a very large surface protein, and it works to help B. pertussis attach to the host cell. FIM are surface appendages, a
tricking the scorpion. Tetrodotoxin is a powerful poison found on liver and reproductive organ of some puffer fish. 2. What bird's feathers are poisonous, and what is the toxin contained by the bird? Briefly detail the effects of the toxin? Ans: The feather of Pitohui, colorful New Guinea bird is poisonous and the name of the toxin secretes by this bird is batrachotoxin. The bird secret betrachotoxin to protect from its predators like hunters, snakes, eagle etc. When a person keep the feather of Pitohui
by gram positive staining. It can also be diagnosed by confirmatory testing, such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (Sweeney, 2011). PCR focuses on certain DNA strands for replication and identifying what the organism is (Genetic, 2014). Anthrax toxin antagonists can be considered for healing; but antibiotic therapy is the most common use of treatment (Sweeney, 2011). Bacillus anthracis is a non-motile elongated rod-shaped bacterium that will generate dormant spores with or without oxygen. When
agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., bioterrorism attack aims to cause illness of death in people, animals, or plants as a method of warfare. Used throughout history, biological weapon serves as a pivotal role in disarming an army. Botulism toxin, known for the most toxic substance in the biological world, has been used throughout history as a biological weapon. The bacteria Clostridium botulinum causes botulism causes botulism disease, which is a serious paralytic illness that strikes all
Botox is a popular prescription drug that can be injected and used for many medical and cosmetic treatments and is used by individuals all over the world. The application is the most popular cosmetic surgery treatment with more that six million treatments given each year. Botox is used by people who are wanting to look younger, boost their ego, or for social reasons. “Singh, Hankins, Dulku, and Kelly conducted a study focused on the psychological aspects of Botox that showed, Botox subjects had
significant adverse side effects. However, not many Botox patients are aware that what they are injecting into their bodies, botulinum toxin, is one of the most lethal substances known to mankind. This neurotoxin poses a major threat to be used in a bioterrorism attack, killing thousands of people. If it is truly as toxic as scientists claim, then how can botulinum toxin possibly be used in facial injections? This is a very controversial substance that possesses an intriguing mixture of paradoxical uses
Botulism is a rare but serious condition caused by toxins from bacteria called Clostridium botulinum (Botulism, 2012). Botulinum neurotoxins or, as abbreviated BoNTs, are some of the most extreme and dangerous substances that are known to the human population. There are 3 forms of botulism which include infant botulism, food borne botulism and wound botulism (Botulism, 2012). This specific genus of Clostridium causes “flaccid muscle paralysis by blocking acetylcholine release at nerve muscle junctions
ham and splenic tissue obtained upon autopsy. (2,3) Although first referred to as Bacillus botulinus, it was eventually renamed Clostridium botulinum to distinguish it from the aerobic spore-forming genus Bacillus. (2) Importantly, the presence of a toxin was noted at this time, as cell-free extracts were capable of causing disease. (1,2) By 1943 and 1976, wound botulism and infant botulism were also respectively described. (1) Organism Description The bacterium Clostridium botulinum is a strict anaerobic
The Ethics of Botox What is Botox? Botox is short for Botulinum Type A Toxin, a protein complex produced by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. Botox injection is one of the newest and among the most popular cosmetic procedures for wrinkles. Botox works magically to smooth out facial lines by preventing the muscles that cause frown lines from contracting. Only a tiny amount of this toxin is used in Botox injection for beautification purposes. According to the American Society for