Analysis: 2. Of the alcohols tested 1-Butanol was found to contain the strongest intermolecular forces (IMF) of attraction, with Methanol containing the weakest. It was discovered through experimentation that Methanol induced the highest ?T of all alcohols tested, and that conversely 1-Butanol induced the lowest ?T. The atomic structure of all four alcohols is very similar, as starting with 1-Butanol a CH2 group is lost as you move from 1-Butanol to 1-Propanol to Ethanol and then again to Methanol
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship of dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding forces in intermolecular attractions through the evaporation of different substances. Using temperature probes, the endothermic process of evaporation is measured by inserting the probes into the substance and then taking them out to allow the substance to evaporate, the change in temperature of the substances showed if a lot or not a lot of evaporation occurred and over how long the evaporation
point would be 79◦C. There are four types of intermolecular forces that are hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, van der Waals: dipole-dipole interactions, and van der Waals: dispersion interactions. Alcohols have a high melting point and boiling point than similar size alkane molecules. This is due to the fact that alcohols are bonded by hydrogen bonds and alkanes are bonded with dispersion forces. The hydrogen bonds are stronger than dispersion forces as in the hydrogen
Intermolecular Forces and Bonding Interactions Intermolecular forces are the forces that hold molecules together. These forces responsible for many of the properties of molecules such as boiling point, freezing point, reactivity, etc. There are four types of intermolecular forces. These forces include the ionic bond which is the transfer of electrons between two ions. The ionic bond happens only when one atom is much more electronegative than the other. This bond interaction is by far the
Evaporation and Intermolecular Forces Lab Analysis Questions: Pentane was observed to have the highest evaporation rate. Isopropanol had the lowest evaporation rate. Pentane is nonpolar and it’s strongest intermolecular force is London Dispersion Force. Because Isopropanol is polar and has strong hydrogen bonds, the bonds are harder to break and the evaporation rate was lower because it took more time to break this force. Pentane has a weaker molecular force than the hydrogen bonds so it evaporated
properties to make it what it is. When looking at some of the smallest characteristics of things, molecular shape and intermolecular forces come into play. Molecular shape and intermolecular forces help determine what physical properties substances and objects have. Each plays a key role. Science is able to break substances down and determine what molecular shape and intermolecular forces have to do with physical properties. The molecular shape of a molecule has a lot to do with how a molecule functions
The effect of intermolecular forces on rate of solubility Introduction Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. When learning of this in class, the basics of this topic was explored, yet there was no deep exploration of it which intrigued me. For this IA, I am interested in delving into the factors which affect solubility, in this case I want to see the relationship between dipole moments and solubility. Each compound
top of the other by Van der Waals forces. The geometry of the short, carbon-hydrogen bonds minimizes the distance between layers and, therefore, Van der Waals forces are maximized. The paper has polar and nonpolar parts; it has a strong affinity to itself and materials
Lab: Triple Point of Dry Ice Introduction When a substance undergoes a triple point change, then it goes through all three of the states of matter: solid, liquid, as well as gas. When all three matters exist at the same time, it is extremely rare and an interesting sight to experience. A triple point is defined, specifically, as “ the temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a pure substance can coexist in equilibrium” (1). An excellent example of a substance
and Literature Review: Friction is a force which opposes the movement of an object due to two surfaces being in contact with each other. Friction is affected by surface material (roughness), the surface area in contact and the mass of the object. The following investigation is to prove that friction will increase with increasing texture/’roughness’ of the surface material. Surface texture and friction is dependent on the nature of the intermolecular forces present in the surfaces (R.Nave, n.d)
Force Force, commonly, a “push” or “pull,” more properly defined in physics as a quantity that changes the motion, size, or shape of a body. Force is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction. The magnitude of a force is measured in units such as the pound, dyne, and Newton, depending upon the system of measurement being used. Unbalanced force acting on a body free to move will change the motion of the body. The quantity of motion of a body is measured by its momentum, the product
Introduction: One of the well known problems of reciprocating engines is the up and down movement of pistons (reciprocating motion) which has to be converted into rotary motion of wheels. This movement of pistons created a lot of vibration and difficulty in balancing the engine. So a new engine was created by a German Engineer Felix Wankel (patented the design in 1929 and completed a working prototype in 1957 in collaboration with NSU Motorenwerke, a German automobile manufacturer). Wankel engine
Ray Allen considered by many by his teammates and coaches that he is a teammate that you would want on your team. Whenever it comes to clutch scoring, his three pointers, or just to have a teammate who always has your back and considers you a brother. Ray was also known to be a deadly, and a respectable player on the court while Reggie was a deadly, cocky, and a unsportsmanlike player. Although Reggie Miller and Ray Allen played in different eras, Ray still had the better career. Ray Allen was the
well as figure out the best angle to send the ball where it needs to be. Throwing a deep ball is all about using the right angle with the right amount of force. I want to find out at which angle is the best to throw the ball the farthest. The angles I will test will be a low angle at 15˚, a medium angle at 45˚, and a high angle at 75˚. The force throwing the ball will be the same and the tight spiral will be assumed constant, so the only factor changing will be the angle at which the ball is being
Conservation of Momentum Investigation Physical Science Practical Table of Contents Investigative Question 3 Hypothesis 3 Apparatus 3 Method 3 Results: Ticker Tape Pieces 5 Calculations 8 Discussion 10 Conclusion 11 Bibliography 12 Investigative Question Does the momentum of an isolated system remain constant even after a collision and does the addition of mass on an object affect the momentum of an object? Hypothesis The momentum of the isolated system will remain constant
someone would bounce a basketball on the floor it has to transmit energy for the ball to come back into the air, or into your hands. Without the force of energy, you couldn’t handle the ball like the way you’re supposed to in the game. Why is it when you stop dribbling a basketball, the ball stops bouncing? Being a basketball player requires you to put force onto the ball, to make the ball bounce. Every time you dribble the ball energy is required. In this experiment you will see how the ball bounces
Natural Philosophy also called philosophy of nature comes from the Latin phrase “philosophia naturalis”. Natural Philosophy is the philosophical study of the cosmos and nature’s elements and how the materials around the world are formed. There are many branches of natural philosophy including: cosmology, etiology, astronomy, probability, the study of matter, the study of elements, and many other subjects. The pioneers of natural philosophy are mainly pre-Socratic philosophers; the most famous philosophers
1. Begin by describing why you wish to be part of the publications department. In your answer, please discuss what you specifically have to offer to the publications department. 2. Discuss what the word “Deadline” means to you. In your answer, please honestly describe yourself when it comes to meeting deadlines. A deadline is set in stone. Deadlines are usually flexible, but I believe that one must treat a deadline with the utmost importance simply because in the “real world,” deadlines are absolute
The motions of throwing, batting, and fielding will be presented in physics terms and ideas. Physics plays a big role in sports. One particular sport is softball, where we will be seeing different motions represented. First, we are going to look at the two different types of throwing. There is the regular over-hand throw and there is also the pitching style. When looking at the regular over-hand throw and the pitching style of throwing, many of the same concepts apply to both. In pitching, there
goalie, you must understand how Newton’s Three Laws of Motion work; Inertia, force equals mass times acceleration, and equal and opposite forces, as well as another law torque and leverage. The first law of Newton’s Laws is inertia. The basic definition of inertia is an object in motion will stay in motion until acted on by an outside force, as well as an object as rest will stay at rest until acted on by an outside force (Serwalt, R. & Faughn, J). This law applies to just about every move in the