doctrine that the mind is a blank slate is the simple mathematical fact that zero equals zero” —Steven Pinker Zero is one of the greatest gifts ever bestowed upon humankind. It is basis for modern day calculus, statistics, financial accounting, and computers. It is believed that zero originated in three separate places—Mesopotamia, India, and Mesoamerica. In Mesopotamia the first recordings of zero was in 300 BCE. For them, zero was just a placeholder between numerals in a number such as 502 and never
Change of Volume of a Gas Planning- Aim * Determine how the volume of a gas changes with the temperature for a fixed amount of gas and pressure. * Determine absolute zero Hypothesis ---------- Volume is directly proportional to Temperature ---------------------------------------------- Preliminary Test ---------------- A preliminary experiment wsa carried out to test our apparatus. In this test we used an alcohol thermometer to see if there was any change in volume
PURPOSE The purpose of the experiment is to determine the temperature, in degrees Celsius, at which all particle motion stops (absolute zero). MATERIALS Before assembling the materials, put on safety glasses FIRST, then prepare a clean, dry workspace (away from food) with all of the necessary materials. 1/8 cup water small pan of ice water 1 empty aluminum soda can Tongs or oven mitt Borosilicate glass beaker (600 mL) #1, 1-hole rubber stopper 6”
you are wishing to cool. Because the photons colliding into the partials slowed their velocity which is essentially the same as heat for a molecule you can get the matter down to a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero which “is the minimum possible temperature” (Absolute zero) at which all movement stops. When you fire photons (light partials) into this ultra-cold substance light can slow to thirty eight miles per hour. The tell-tale sign that a substance is in BEC is when the millions
standard for scientific temperature measurement is the Kelvin scale. On the Kelvin scale absolute zero has a value of zero degrees on the thermometer. In theory no substance can be lowered to or below zero degrees Kelvin or absolute zero. Temperatures in cryobiology range from zero degrees Celsius--water freezes--to just above negative two hundred and seventy three point sixteen degrees Celsius--absolute zero. The word "Cryogenics" comes from the Greek word “kryos” meaning cold (“Cryogenics” Raintree
Temperature is thermodynamic property of objects. It is an “indirect measure of the kinetic energy of the particles that make up matter” (Lerner 2008). Temperature determines the direction of the flow of energy between two objects. When they are put in contact with each other, the faster-moving molecules of higher temperature object will collide and increase moving speed of slower-moving molecules of the lower temperature object. This process stops when both objects have the same average molecular
flow of electrons begins, it essentially goes on forever, making it an important material to humans. Superconductivity was discovered by a Dutch scientist by the name of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911. While researching properties of materials at absolute zero, this man found out that certain materials lost its resistance to the flow of electrons. For years to come, his discovery was at the head of theoretical interest. The only problem though, was that people at that time could not even think of a way
Figure of the Earth." He used this essay as a source and inspiration for ideas all his life and won an award from the University of Glasgow in Scotland. Kelvin remained at the University for the rest of his working life. Kelvin first defined the absolute temperature scale in 1847, which was later named after him. In 1851 he published the paper, "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat", and in the same year was elected to the Royal Society. This work contained his ideas and version of the second law of thermodynamics
Warming Up the Ball Before Playing Squash Ball Hypothesis Warming up the squash ball helps it bounce higher. Variables: Type of Surface Height of Drop - Independent variable Temperature of Ball Material of Ball Acceleration Due To Gravity Mass Angle of Surface Air Resistance Diameter of Ball Height of Bounce - Dependant Variable Plan I aim to find out if warming up squash balls before bouncing them affects the height of its bounce. I will need a squash
The Effect of Temperature on an Enzyme's Ability to Break Down Fat Aim: To investigate the effect of temperature on an enzyme’s (lipase) ability to break down fat. Hypothesis: The graph below shows the rate increasing as the enzymes get closer to their optimum temperature (around 35 degrees Celsius) from room temperature. The enzyme particles are moving quicker because the temperature increases so more collisions and reactions occur between the enzymes and the substrate molecules
Cellular Respiration Lab Report I.Introduction In this lab we are measuring the amount of oxygen used in both germinating and non germinating peas. We are measuring the oxygen consumption by taking a reading of a respirometer submerged in two water baths. The first bath will be cold water and the second warm to determine the effect of temperatures on oxygen consumption. Our negative control will be glass beads to measure to increase or decrease in atmospheric pressure or temperature changes. There
The Difference in Energy Release of Various Alcohols In this experiment, I plan to find out the difference in energy release between different sorts of alcohols. To do this I will test how much alcohol is required to increase the temperature of 100ml of water by 30 degrees Celsius. Obviously, many factors may affect my results, therefore making them less reliable. To improve my results, I will carry out some preliminary research to see if I can improve the reliability and accuracy. Please
Investigating the Standard Enthalpy of Potassium Nitrate Stability --------- Stable. Strong oxidizer - contact with combustible material may cause fire. Incompatible with combustible materials, and strong reducing agents. Toxicology ---------- Harmful if swallowed. May cause reproductive disorders. ------------------------------------------------------- Hazard: oxidizing ----------------- Aim The aim of this experiment is to determine the crystallisation temperature
The Effect of Temperature on The Rate Of Reaction Between Magnesium And Hydrochloric Acid Planning I'm planning on investigating how temperature effects the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid, the experiment will show whether the reaction will speed up or slow down with the change in temperature. Temperatures will range from room temp up until 70 degrees. The investigation will be a fair test because all quantities will remain the same for each test, each test will use
Investigating How Quickly Amylase Breaks Down Starch With Varying Temperatures Instructions List I gathered the equipment shown below. I put 3 drops of iodine in each chamber of the spotting tile. I boiled the kettle and mixed together water from the kettle with water from the tap so the water reaches the correct temperature. The water was put into a beaker. 5ml of starch was put into a test tube. The test tube was placed into the beaker. When the water in the beaker was at the required
Thermodynamics is essentially how heat energy transfers from one substance to another. In “Joe Science vs. the Water Heater,” the temperature of water in a water heater must be found without measuring the water directly from the water heater. This problem was translated to the lab by providing heated water, fish bowl thermometers, styrofoam cups, and all other instruments found in the lab. The thermometer only reaches 45 degrees celsius; therefore, thermodynamic equations need to be applied in
The purpose of this experiment is to compare the effects of three variables, air flow rate, air temperature, and water flow rate, on cooling ability of a slatted, counter-current cooling tower. Additionally, the three variables will be compared based on the closure of a water mass balance and energy balance of the cooling tower. In a slatted, counter-current cooling tower, warm water enters the top of the tower and flows down a series of slatted inserts inside of tower. An air source is introduced
The objective of this study was to determine how temperature affects the activity level of the Cepaea nemoralis. Both experiments showed the same relative trend of increased movement in a warm environment as opposed to decreased movement in a cold environment. Both trials had a much greater mean distance travelled over one minute in the warm environment than they did in the cold environment. However, many snails displayed no activity in the cold environment by retracting into their shells and whenever
Investigation into the Digestion of Milk by Trypsin Background Knowledge ==================== To investigate the effect of trypsin on milk a number of separate experiments will be performed whereby milk is digested by trypsin under controlled conditions. Specific variables will be changed by calculated amounts to gauge their individual effects on the rate and amount of reaction that occurs. Trypsin is a biological catalyst, (a substance that speed up a
Instructional Purpose - “I Wonder…” Statements - Guided Reading Instructional Purpose: Students need to understand the importance of thermochemistry. Thermochemistry revolves around the energy (heat) associated with reactions and other materials. This field of chemistry has a variety of terms and applications that need to be understood before heading into college level chemistry courses. Terms such as temperature, specific heat, calorimeter, and enthalpy are commonly used within lab experiments.