1. The goal of number Lab #1 was to observe how different amounts of Zinc (Zn) will react with 15 mL of Hydrochloric Acid Solution (6 M HCl). 15 mL of 6 M HCl solution (21.5° C) was poured inside the Erlenmeyer flask. Weight of the container with this solution was 103 g. The flask was closed with a stopper (cork?) and the total weight increased to 103.161 g. 0.25 g of Zinc was added to the solution. The maximum temperature was observed at 26.5° C with the final weight of the container at 103.411 g. The same steps were repeated while adding 25 g of Zink to the solution and resulted in explosion while performed in a closed flask. Meanwhile, when the flask was not closed, 25 g of Zinc caused the solution to reach the temperature of 100°C and produce gas while reducing total mass of the container to 94.93 g.
2.
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Temperature of the HCl in the flask was 21.5° C (same as the room temperature.)
3. Adding 25 g of Zink to HCl in a closed flask resulted in explosion.
4. Adding 25 g of Zink to HCl in an open flask did not cause an explosion. The maximum temperature of the reaction reached 100°C. Total weight of the container decreased from 103 g to 94.93 g.
5. Vial number 2 did not change colors.
6. Vial number 1 turned yellow, which is a sign of bacterial growth.
7. In vial number 1, the bacterial growth was observed because the vial was crushed, which allowed the indicator to react with the solution. Vial number 2 was not crushed, which did not allow the indicator to function properly and show any bacterial activity.
8. Experiment I: Get to know the Lab
Erlenmeyer flask (150 mL) weight (88.00 g)
Thermometer
Scale (Digital Balance)
Stopper
(Cork?) 15 mL 6 M HCl 0.25 g Zn (Part 1) 25 g Zn (Part 2) Erlenmeyer flask was placed on a workbench. 15 mL of 6 M HCl was poured into the flask. The thermometer was used to measure 6 M HCl initial temperature of 21.5 degrees Celsius (same as room temperature.) The balance scale was used to determine the weight of the flask and 6 M HCl, 103 g. The flask was closed using a stopper (161g) (mass of the container with the stopper 103.161 g) and 0.25 g of Zn added. The temperature maximum was observed at 26.5 degrees Celsius. Final weight of the flask was 103.411 g. Initial experiment was repeated using 25 g of Zn and resulted in explosion. Same experiment repeated using 25 g of Zn without the stopper. The temperature maximum was observed at 100 degrees Celsius. Reaction produced gas substance and total weight of the container decreased from 103 g to 94.93 g. Experiment II 2 Autoclave indicators (10 mL) Vial Crushing tool Incubator Two autoclave indicators with the materials blue in color were labeled 1 and 2. Vital crushing tool was used on Vial number 1. After the vial was crushed, the color of the vial changed from blue to light blue. Vial number 2 wasn't crushed and remained blue in color. Both vials were placed inside the incubator. With the door closed, the timer was set for 48 hours and the temperature of 50 degrees Celsius. After 48 hours, the vials were extracted from the incubator. Vial number 1 turned yellow, which would indicate bacterial growth. Vial number 2 remained blue.
I identified the genus and species of an unknown bacterial culture, #16, and I applied the following knowledge of morphologic, cultural and metabolic characteristics of the unknown microorganism according to the laboratory manual as well as my class notes and power point print outs. I was given an incubated agar slant labeled #16 and a rack of different tests to either examine or perform myself; the tests are as follows: Gram Stain; Nutrient Gelatin Test; Carbohydrate Fermentation; Dextrose, Lactose and Sucrose; IMVIC tests; Citrate, Indole, Mythel-Red and Vogues Proskauer test; as well as a Urease and TSI Test. Materials and Methods/Results Upon receiving the Microorganism (M.O.) #16, I prepared a slide by cleaning and drying it. Then, using a bottle of water I placed a sterile drop of water on the slide and used an inoculating loop, flame sterilized, I took a small sample of the unknown growth in my agar slant and smeared it onto the slide in a dime sized circle and then heat fixed it for ten minutes.
They can be found anywhere and identifying them becomes crucial to understanding their characteristics and their effects on other living things, especially humans. Biochemical testing helps us identify the microorganism present with great accuracy. The tests used in this experiment are rudimentary but are fundamental starting points for tests used in medical labs and helps students attain a better understanding of how tests are conducted in a real lab setting. The first step in this process is to use gram-staining technique to narrow down the unknown bacteria into one of the two big domains; gram-negative and gram-positive. Once the gram type is identified, biochemical tests are conducted to narrow down the specific bacterial species.
After the end of the experiment the unknown 10 sample was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Came to this conclusion by first beginning with a Gram Stain test. By doing this test it would be easier to determine which route to take on the man made flow chart. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria have a set of different tests to help determine the unknown bacterium. Based on the different tests that were conducted in lab during the semester it was determined that the blood agar, MSA, and catalase test are used for gram positive bacteria while Macconkey, EMB, TSI, and citrate tests are used for gram negative bacteria. The results of the gram stain test were cocci and purple. This indicated that the unknown bacteria were gram positive. The gram stain test eliminated Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica as choices because these bacteria are gram negative. Next a Blood Agar plate was used because in order to do a MSA or a Catalase test there needs to be a colony of the bacteria. The result of the Blood Agar plate was nonhemolytic. This indicated that there was no lysis of red blood cells. By looking at the plate there was no change in the medium. Next an MSA test was done and the results showed that there was growth but no color change. This illustrates that the unkown bacteria could tolerate high salt concentration but not ferment mannitol. The MSA plate eliminated Streptococcus pneumonia and Streptococcus pyogenes as choices since the bacteria can’t grow in high salt concentration. Staphylococcus aureus could be eliminated because not only did the unknown bacteria grow but also it didn’t change color to yellow. Lastly a Catalase test was done by taking a colony from the Blood Agar plate...
Experiment: First prepared a well plate with the appropriate amounts of distilled water, HCl, and Na2S2O3 in each well according to the lab manual. The well where the reaction
We began this investigation by suiting up in lab aprons and goggles, we then gathered our materials, found a lab station and got to work. We decided to start with the magnesium in hydrochloric acid first, we measured out 198.5 L of HCl and put it in the foam-cup calorimeter and took initial temperature reading. We then selected a piece of magnesium ribbon and found its mass: 0.01g. This piece was placed in the calorimeter and the lid was shut immediately to prevent heat from escaping. We “swirled” the liquid mixture in the calorimeter to ensure a reaction, and waited for a temperature change. After a few moments, the final temperature was recorded and DT determined.
4. Pour hot water into one beaker and adjust the temperature to 39°C by adding colder water if needed
== Refer to Chemistry Lab # 2 – Investigating Changes. No changes have been made in this experiment. Results = ==
The first step that we took to accomplish our goal was to put on our safety goggles and choose a lab station to work at. We received one 400ml beaker, one polyethylene pipet, two test tubes with hole rubber stoppers, two small pieces of magnesium (Mg), one thermometer and a vial of hydrochloric acid (HCl). We took the 400ml beaker and filled it about 2/3 full of water (H20) that was 18 OC. Then we measured our pieces of Mg at 1.5 cm and determined that their mass was 1.36*10-2 g. We filled the pipet 2/3 full of HCl and poured it into one of the test tubes. Then, we covered the HCl with just enough H2O so that no H2O would be displaced when the stopper was inserted. After inserting the stopper, we placed the Mg strip into the hole, inverted the test tube and placed it in the 400ml beaker. HCl is heavier than H2O, so it floated from the tube, into the bottom of the beaker, reacting with the Mg along the way to produce hydrogen gas (H2). We then measured the volume of the H2, cleaned up our equipment and performed the experiment a second time.
This research includes information about Alka-Seltzer and it’s correlation with chemical reactions. Many people use the chemical reaction of Alka-Seltzers to heal themselves. Heat and cold can strongly affect the speed of a chemical reaction. This science project will determine the effect heat has on the reaction between a seltzer tablet and beakers of water. The temperatures will be extremely cold, cold, room temperature, hot, and boiling water.
To treat the discarded reaction mixtures, another test tube was taken, and synthesized aspirin was added to it. Then it was clamped and placed under a gentle heat utilizing the Bunsen burner until the crystals were liquified. The odor of the vapor was noted from the test tube. Then 3 drops of phenolphthalein solution were added to the synthesized aspirin and the color was noted. If the solution was colorless 1M sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise until the solution turned pink. If the solution was pink, then the 1M hydrochloric acid solution was added dropwise until the solution turned colorless. Finally, the solutions were poured out and washed and dry the
The Purpose of the Chemical Reaction Lab was to examine and measure the chemical reaction of H-C-L, hydrochloric acid and CuCl2, Copper chloride solution to determine different types of reactions, within specific elements and compounds; Aluminum foil, Al aluminum shot, Ammonium hydroxide, Magnesium, Silver nitrate, Sodium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium hydroxide, and Zinc. By completing the trials, the data displayed chemical changes. These changes were observable in changes of substances, such as formation of precipitate, change in color, release of gas, and difference of temperature.
1. The labels have fallen off of three bottles thought to contain hydrochloric acid, or sodium chloride solution, or sodium hydroxide solution. Describe a simple experiment which would allow you to determine which bottle contains which solution.
Burette Stand + Clamps Measuring Cylinder Safety Goggles Beaker Thermometer Stopwatch Kettle + water Small Funnel Delivery Tube + Bung I have chosen to use a measuring cylinder to make my experiment as accurate as I possibly can. I will be wearing the provided safety goggles at all times to protect my eyes, as hydrochloric acid is an. irritant that may prove dangerous if it makes contact with the eye. Theory The following theories will help me decide which variable I will change in my experiment to investigate the rate of reaction using calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. Temperature - Collision Theory = =
The ZnO crystallizes in a few forms which are wurtzite, zinc blende and rocksalt as shown in Figure 2.4. The wurtzite structure is the most thermodynamically stable phase under ambient temperature and also very common. The zinc blende ZnO geometry can be stabilized only by growth on cubic lattice substrates and the rocksalt structure (NaCl structure) can be obtained at relatively high pressures using ultrasonic wave velocity measurements of up to 10 GPa. (Morkoc).
Also the investigation will be performed in a sensible manner and there is no dangerous behaviour. Prediction When the experiment is taking place I believe that the magnesium in the hydrochloric acid will begin to bubble and then disappear, I also