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Physical and chemical changes abstract
What is the effect of temperature on reactions
Physical and chemical changes abstract
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This research includes information about Alka-Seltzer and it’s correlation with chemical reactions. Many people use the chemical reaction of Alka-Seltzers to heal themselves. Heat and cold can strongly affect the speed of a chemical reaction. This science project will determine the effect heat has on the reaction between a seltzer tablet and beakers of water. The temperatures will be extremely cold, cold, room temperature, hot, and boiling water.
Alka-Seltzer is a medication that works as a pain reliever and an effervescent antacid. Antacids help neutralize stomach acidity, which can cause heartburn.The pain reliever used is aspirin and the antacid used is baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate. It relieves minor aches, pains, inflammation, fever,
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etc. The tablets also include other ingredients, such as anhydrous citric acid. Citric Acid is a weak acid that adds flavor, as well as provides important hydrogen ions. Alka-Seltzer was developed by chemist Maurice Treneer and marketed by Dr. Miles Medicine Company in Elkhart, Indiana. A chemical reaction is a process that involves the rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as supposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.
There are a few key concepts to chemical changes. A physical change, such as state change or dissolving, does not create a new substances, but a chemical change does. In a chemical reaction, the atoms and molecules that interact with each other are called reactants.
To take the tablets, they're fully dissolved in water, where they famously undergo a chemical reaction that produces lots of carbon dioxide bubbles—or fizz. As the tablets dissolve, the sodium bicarbonate splits apart to form sodium and bicarbonate ions. The bicarbonate ions react with hydrogen ions from the citric acid to form carbon dioxide gas (and water). This is how the bubbles are made.
Some chemical reactions, such as rusting, take a long time. Others, such as burning, take a very short amount of time. Exothermic reactions are chemical reactions such as: burning coal, rusting, and exploding gunpowder, give off heat. Because reactions liberate heat, they increase the ambient temperature. Endothermic reactions are chemical reaction such as combining nitrogen and oxygen. Endothermic reactions take in heat, reducing the ambient temperature. Simply, if the end result is to give off heat, the reaction is exothermic; otherwise it is
endothermic. How does heat affect the rate of the reaction? As you increase the temperature, the rate of the reaction increases. However do not take the previous fact literally because this does not apply to all reactions. Temperature is the average kinetic energy of all molecules increasing temperature of all reactants some moving slowing, and some quickly. Majority is in between. Reactants have to collide and transfer energy enough energy to break bonds. If there is not enough energy, a reaction will not occur. The higher the temperature, the faster the molecules move; the lower the temperature, the slower they move. The temperature of a solution is a measure of its molecules’ average motion and energy. If one puts some instant coffee granules or powder in water it will dissolve to make a brown solution of coffee. If the water has come straight out of the cold tap it will probably take a while for the water to turn completely brown. Water that come comes out the kettle will form a brown solution almost as soon as it mixes with the coffee powder this because the water is hotter. When one raises the temperature rises., molecules bounce more.
(Antacids help neutralize stomach acidity, which can cause heartburn.)” (Science Buddies, Carbonation Countdown: The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Time). To take the Alka-Seltzer tablet you have to dissolve it in water causing a chemical reaction to form and the whole solution begins to fizz. The fizz occurs
In undertaking the experiment, the hypothesis “if the number of Alka Seltzer tablets reacted increases, then the maximum rate of reaction will increase,” was formed. When graphing the relationship between the maximum rate of reaction and the number of Alka Seltzer tablets reacting, Graph 7 produced a line of best fit with a constant increasing slope that passed through the origin (0,0). This is characteristic of linear graphs, which have the general equation, y=mx, where m is the slope, a constant term, and y and x are changing variables that are directly proportional (i.e. y ∝x). Hence, it can be deduced that Graph 7 is a linear graph, and that there is a linear relationship between the maximum rate of reaction and the number of Alka Seltzer tablets, where they are directly proportional. That is, as the number of Alka Seltzer tablets increased, the maximum rate of reaction increased, supporting the hypothesis. As the true value of the maximum rate of reaction per Alka Seltzer tablet was not known, and a value for comparison was unavailable, the accuracy of the results could not be determined. However, due to the scatter in Graphs 2 to 7, it was evident that the results had low precision. In future, repeating the experiment using different and/or new apparatus will aid in detecting systematic errors and improve the accuracy and validity of the results.
The rate at which Alka-Seltzer tablets reacts with water Statement of problem The aim of the experiment is to find out the rate at which Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water. The input variable that I will change is temperature. The output variable will be measured by the time it takes for the Alka-Seltzer tablets to dissolve.
Alka-Seltzer is a medical drug that serves as a pain reliever and for heartburn. (Rowland) It may also be used for indigestion, body aches, and different types of pain. (Rowland)You should completely dissolve the tablet in a glass of water before taking them. (Rowland)Next it will go through a chemical reaction that produces lots of carbon dioxide. (Rowland) For this reaction to occur the tablet must come in contact with hydrogen.
Combustion is a rapid, continuous reaction that usually takes place in the gas phase. Wood is an organic compound primarily comprised of cellulose. For wood, the phase change from a solid to gas is almost instantaneous as combustion occurs (Coleman, et al. 95). Ignition occurs when an outside source is no longer needed to sustain combustion (Coleman, et al. 87).
3. Drop tablet of Alka-Seltzer into the cold beaker of water and time length of reaction with a stopwatch
The Alka-Seltzer tablet is a medicine tablet taken by people as an antiacid to help calm down stomach acids which can lead to heartburn.(¨Carbonation Countdown¨) The Alka-Seltzer tablet is also used as a pain reliever. The pain reliever has aspirin and citric acid in it while the antiacid also has citric acid but instead of aspirin the antiacid has sodium bicarbonate, which is also known as baking soda. The Alka-Seltzer tablet was first created by a chemist working for the company Miles Laboratory named Joseph Maurice Treener. (¨Who invented Alka Seltzer¨) Treener discovered that if he added sodium bicarbonate to aspirin it would create a tablet that works wonders to use as a medication to calm down troubled stomach acid.
On television, there are commercials on Alka-Seltzer tablets. If you haven’t seen any well Alka-Seltzer tablets are tablets that give you fast relief remedy. Well, when you drop one of these tablets into water it starts to make bubbles. You could sort of compare this to a soda when the bubbles start to fizz up. The bubbles the tablets start to create are carbon dioxide gas. But the carbon dioxide are created by a chemical reaction that happens when the tablet starts to dissolve in water. You’re probably wondering what makes up these tablets? Well, it is mainly citric acid, aspirin and sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate dissolves into the water and when it does dissolve it splits apart into sodium and bicarbonate ions. The bicarbonate
An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction in which heat from the surrounding air is incorporated into the reaksie.5 The equation Between baking soda and vinegar are: CH3COOH + NaHCO3 -> CO2 (g) + NaC2H302 (aq) + H20 (1 ) .The reaction releases carbon dioxide release that heat energy required het.Die heat taken from the ambient air that the container in which the reaction occurs cold maak.Die carbon dioxide the pressure / gas provided in gas soda gebruik.6Die temparatuur fall because new bonds are formed and why he so heat energy to take as he needs energy to form the new bonds touch the liquid colder it is still an endothermic reaction. When vinegar with baking soda reacts an endothermic reaction formed. The other equation is: HC2H302-1- NaHCO3 = CO2 (g) + NaC2H3O2 (aq) + H20 (1) .1 Baking soda (NaHCO3) is also known as natruimbikarbonaat. It is
So what exactly is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (blue book). The particle model, however, is different for the four types of matter. For solids, the molecules can only vibrate, but solids have a definite shape and volume. For liquids the molecules are able to slide past one another and has definite volume. Both gas and plasma don't have a definite shape or volume, but in gas the molecules can move freely and bump into each other, and in plasma the molecules have completely broken apart. These molecules are too small to see and are different for every object. So what do particles have to do with vinegar and baking soda reacting? Well acids and bases are made of elements. These elements are made of atoms which are made of molecules. So when you get down to it, the reaction between acids and bases all depend on the particles of the object.
If they collide with sufficient energy, then they will react. The minimum amount of kinetic energy required for particles at the time of collision is called the activation energy and this theory is known as the?collision theory?. Reactions occur in all circumstances. Chemicals are always combining and breaking up. Reactants and products combine and break apart in all reactions.
For example, a study from the Voice Institute of New York found that drinking alkaline water with a pH of 8.8 can help deactivate pepsin. Pepsin is the main enzyme that causes acid reflux. Another study published in the Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine suggests that drinking alkaline water may be beneficial for people who suffer from high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Meanwhile, the study from the University of Alberta concludes, “it would be prudent to consider an alkaline diet to reduce morbidity and mortality of chronic disease that are plaguing our aging
Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence a rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects a
One vital process in the human body observed in chemistry is the idea of chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions, or how fast reactions occur.1 Three factors that affect chemical kinetics are concentration, temperature, and catalysis. As the concentration of a substance increases, the rate of the reaction also increases.1 This relationship is valid because when more of a substance is added in a reaction, it increases the likelihood that the
Overall my aim from the experiment conducted was achieved as; the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction were discovered. My hypotheses were proven as; a catalyst increases the speed of a reaction, larger surface area have a faster reaction rate, additional stirs make the reaction occur faster, the higher concentration levels quicken the rate of a reaction and temperature speeds up the reaction time. The investigation was a fair test as all variables were controlled as my results support this. Although the practical activity could be improved if it was to be repeated. Altogether it was a fantastic learning experience that I am grateful for participating in.