I identified the genus and species of an unknown bacterial culture, #16, and I applied the following knowledge of morphologic, cultural and metabolic characteristics of the unknown microorganism according to the laboratory manual as well as my class notes and power point print outs. I was given an incubated agar slant labeled #16 and a rack of different tests to either examine or perform myself; the tests are as follows: Gram Stain; Nutrient Gelatin Test; Carbohydrate Fermentation; Dextrose, Lactose and Sucrose; IMVIC tests; Citrate, Indole, Mythel-Red and Vogues Proskauer test; as well as a Urease and TSI Test. Materials and Methods/Results Upon receiving the unknown Microorganism (M.O.) #16, I prepared a slide by cleaning and drying it. Then, using a bottle of water I placed sterile drop of water on the slide and used an inoculating loop, flame sterilized, I took a small sample of the unknown growth in my agar slant and smeared it onto the slide in a dime sized circle and then heat fixed it for ten minutes. After ten minutes had passed, I collected the ingredients needed to perform a gram stain. I got the primary stain, crystal violet, and flooded my smear for sixty seconds, and then rinsed the color off with water until the water ran clear. I then flooded the smear with the mordant, grams iodine, and let that sit on the slide for sixty seconds as well. I then rinsed the grams iodine off with water and applied alcohol to the smear to decolorize the cells; however I made sure not to over decolorize and only put enough drops on the smear till the purple ran clear. I then rinsed the slide with water and flooded the smear with safranin the counter stain and let it sit for sixty seconds and then rinsed the color off with water. I blo... ... middle of paper ... ...nd headache are common; however, the cardinal manifestation is diarrhea. Fever and chills are also common. At least two-thirds of patients complain of abdominal cramps. The duration of fever and diarrhea varies, but is usually 2 to 7 days”. S. typhimurium can cause many problems for consumers when there is an outbreak in products. Some of the more recent products that have been contaminated and pulled from store shelves are, cantaloupes, ground beef and poultry products, according to the CDC. In all the cases some people were hospitalized. To treat the infection people had to rest and take antibiotics promptly. So as you can see Salmonella typhimurium is a serious microorganism that can create a lot of havoc if it gets inside of a person’s system and although there are many ways to diagnosis it, it must be diagnosed quickly or a person could end up in the hospital.
Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by the gram-negative organism Salmonella typhi. It is transmitted through fecal-oral or urine-oral route by either direct or indirect contact of the carrier’s or infected individual’s feces or urine. Humans are the only source of this organism. Ingestion of
After 48 hours of incubation the agar plates were viewed. Individual colonies were tested for successful isolation by gram staining and then viewing the stained bacteria under a microscope. Isolation was successful. One colony of each unknown bacteria was transferred to an agar slant for growth. The agar slants were stored at room temperature over the weekend so that they would not grow too much.
Diagnosis of salmonellosis involves testing a sample of stool, as well as isolation from samples of tissue, blood, or urine. Since it is commonly mistaken for the flu and involves similar symptoms to other illnesses, the method of diagnosis for salmonellosis is pretty hard to come by. Most people with salmonellosis don’t seek treatment, so they’re never aware that they even had it. Since it is a foodborne pathogen, has a common route of infection via oral ingestion, and is found in food products that we consume on a daily
Symptoms, which include diarrhea and abdominal pain, usually begin two to eight days after a person has been exposed to the bacteria and resolve within a week.
Abstract: Salmonella is a bacterium that causes one of the most common intestinal infections in the United States - Salmonellosis. The chance of contracting this disease is significantly high, and more and more people are suffering from the symptoms and complications of Salmonella. This paper will discuss about the disease itself, the current outbreaks that are related to this disease, preventions and the treatments.
Salmonella is a gram-negative bacillus that causes inflammation of the GI tract and in some cases, if the immune response is not sufficiently powerful and treatment is not administered, can become systemic and cause even more serious conditions throughout the body. After ingestion, these bacteria cause infection by invading the epithelial cells of the small intestine and macrophages. Though there are more than two thousand different subspecies of Salmonella, few of them are able to cause serious conditions in humans—for most, the disease resolves itself in a matter of days. Those who are most affected by Salmonella infection are infants, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems. Some of the main conditions caused by Salmonella are gastroenteritis, enteric fever, and bacteremia, while the general symptoms of salmonella include vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. While there are typically few to no long-term effects as a result of a Salmonella infection, more serious complications may arise.
Salmonella is a gram-negative rod, which is known to infect humans, birds, and other mammals by invading and irritating the intestines. It is more common in poultry and swine which, if consumed, can cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. The infectious disease can be found almost everywhere and anywhere, including in water, animal feces, raw poultry, and raw seafood. Animals consume salmonella from the soil or contaminated processed feed. In humans, salmonella can lead to a developing typhoid-like fever that persists among other symptoms. However, there is no vaccine available for Salmonella but no treatment is needed because the infection is usually simply fought off by the immune system. There are various ways of preventing the salmonella infection as well, for example, careful cleaning of hands and utensils while cooking are simple preventative actions. Keeping clean and properly preparing food are the best ways contamination and spread of Salmonella can be avoided.
A list of ways to prevent people from getting salmonella and from spreading it was advertised to the public as a way of preventing future outbreaks. Some of the recommendations on this list included proper
In the documentary, Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria, reporter David Hoffman investigates this new untreatable infection along two individuals and a bacterial virus within a hospital. The first individual Hoffman investigates is Addie Rerecich of Arizona, she was treated for a staph infection with antibiotics, but other complications arise. Addie had a lung transplant, she was given several different antibiotics, but her body became pan-bacteria, non-resistance to the bacteria. Addie’s life was on the edge, she had to be on life support, and finally she received new lungs. The transplant helped Addie but it would take years before could go back to normal before the infection. The second individual is David Ricci; he had his leg amputated in India after a train accident. The antibiotic treatment he received became toxic to his body increasing problems. While in India, he underwent surgery almost every day because of infections he was developing. Back in Seattle, doctors found the NDM-1 resistance gene in his body; NDM-1 gene is resistance to almost all antib...
The important issue here is that the FDA warns that symptoms of Salmonella in humans include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and can lead to more severe ailments in some rare cases. Pets with Salmonella may be lethargic and have diarrhea, fever and vomiting. It is not fatal, but causes severe sickness. On the positive side, officials said no health issues have been reported in connection with the recall. The company identified the presence of Salmonella in one lot during routine testing and immediately responded by recalling all possible infected items nationwide.
Salmonella enterica typhi (typhoid fever causing bacteria) are parasites with no other known living environment outside of humans (Pike, 2014). Typhoid has the ability to cause large outbreaks and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified Salmonella species with other food safety threats as high priority potential bioterrorism agents (Baggier, Burwen, Haber, & Ball, 2004). Salmonella enterica typhi is one of three species of the Salmonella genus. Typhoid gets its name from Typhos, which means smoke, or to cloud, or vapor. It was thought to be transmitted through a “cloud of sickness called miasma” (Pike, 2014). When someone recovers from typhoid fever, about 3-5% become carriers o...
Some people who get this the disease are prone to becoming carriers of the bacteria. They can continue to release S. typhi in their urine and or stool for years, likewise spreading the disease. They might never even know they are causing such harm, but essentially this is one ...
The abnormal presence of bacterial growth can be inspected under a microscope. If the organism inspected is not the bacteria used in the experiment, it means that the growth of the bacterial culture investigated is absent. By using this method, contamination by foreign substances in the surrounding air can be ruled out and the results would be more accurate.
Typhoid Fever is divided into 4 stages, each lasting for approximately one week. During the first stage, Salmonella Typhi begins it’s journey in the digestive system, where they multiply and reproduce, spreading into the bloodstream. Due to the body’s natural response to infection, a positive feedback mechanism activates, and the body begins to react by increasing the internal body temperature, causing symptoms of a fever, sometimes as high as 104° F.
Typhoid fever is an acute contagious disease which is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. It can be transmitted through contaminated food, water, or by a human carrier. Typhoid fever is mostly spread in undeveloped, and polluted countries. Moreover, about 2.5 million people are diagnosed with typhoid fever each year. Without health and medical care, typhoid fever can be life threating disease. Furthermore, typhoid fever can be prevented by taking certain measures such as hygiene, vaccines, and antibiotics.