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Project life cycle four stages with references
Stages of project life cycle by peter
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1. The triple constraints within project management are recognized as the time, costs and resources, and the scope of a project. These are important due to the structure and path that they create for a project as well as their balance between each other. When one constraint is affected, for instance the costs and resources increasing, the other constraints are then directly affected as well. If the costs of a project increase, the time that the project takes may be increased, and the entire scope of the project could end up being adjusted as well.
2. Every project will contain the triple constraints being time, costs and resources, and a project scope. Time is often recognized by the duration in time the project will take. This is directly affected by the other two
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Each of the five phases have different activities that dictate the actions taken within them. For instance, the project initiation phase is normally when teams will form, the project charter will start to be prepared, and the stakeholders and sponsors will be approached. The project planning phase is when the risks, issues, and budget are all defined as well as the completion of teams. There is also a necessary approval of anything else stated in the project at this point. The project execution phase is normally seen as the launch or testing phase. The work has begun and it is adjusted to fit the needs of the organization. It is at this phase that tasks are distributed amongst teams. The monitoring phase is the next phase in the project. This is often recognized as a "Go-Live" phase where there is a direct analysis of the project here compared to what was predicted. There is a tracking and control procedure that takes place to work out any additional issues with the project. Lastly, the closure phase is seen as the end of the project. This is where the financials are closed, the risks are resolved, and the client approves the outcome of the project. This often includes some sort of evaluation as
The Initiation Phase will be the first phase in the project the basic processes that should be performed to get the project started.
This process captures those activities which can be completed simultaneously and those that must be completed prior to beginning another phase, the “critical” activities (Grochels, 2012). Therefore this method gives the product manager knowledge of how long the project will take, which activities must be completed on time, how much it will cost to speed up the process and what the least costly way to finish the project faster would be (Baker, 2002). These benefits greatly increase the probability of a project being completed on time and on schedule, however they system does have
This process is aimed at ensuring the project being pursued has a potential of delivering by adhering to the allocated time, sticking to the budget and very important, meeting customers specifications (Mott McDonald, 2002). It involves assessing the projects at critical stages (also referred to as gates) in its lifecycle and thus assuring it can advance to the next stage successfully. This function is performed by an independent experienced team, after which they assure the Senior Responsible Owners that the project can progress successfully (National Academies US & National Research US, 2004). There are six critical stages (gateways) in the lifecycle of a project that the independent gateway review team will evaluate and thus provide th...
Time-phased project work is the basis for project cost control. Work package duration is used to develop the project network. Further, the time-phased budgets for work packages are timetabled to establish fiscal measures for each phase throughout the project. The time-phased budgets are to emulate the real cash needs of the budget, which will be used for project cost control. This information is useful to estimate cash outflows. The project manager's attention is on when the costs are to occur, when the budgeted cost is earned, and when the actual cost materializes. This information is made up to measure project schedule and cost variances (Gray & Larson, 2005). The following are typical types of costs found in a project:
Project managers do not always need lean management techniques or Six Sigma to solve problems. One of the commonly used techniques to solve problems within project management is by applying the theory of constraints, a term that was coined by Goldratt (1984). Goldbratt (1984) stated that in any business there are constraints or bottlenecks that prevents the business from flourishing and can impede the progress of the business. For example, if one team is capable of making a 10 cars per day while another team is capable of only making two, there should be an examination to determine what is impeding the other team from making 10 cars. From a business perspective, a project manager should want to find ways to eliminate the constraints. Goldratt (1984) stated that the Theory of Constraints could be...
Although it takes place at the end of the project lifecycle, closing a project is an equally important step in managing a project. In the final phase, project manager has the opportunity to schedule a formal completion or de-commissioning meeting with the client, project team and Project Sponsor. “The purpose of the meeting is to review the final acceptance document and obtain final approval that the project is complete and objectives have been attained” (Mastering-projectmanagement.com, 2014). This phase also entails celebrating the success of the project, identifying and planning for any follow up activities, and reflecting on lessons learned to be applied to future projects. The activities other activities such as budget audits, gathering and storing all documentation, and creating a final report including a Lessons Learned document all take place in the closure phase of the project(Darnall & Preston, 2010).
Initiate Phase: Develops key planning documents to effectively scope, resource, and plan the acquisition program before obtaining the capability.
The projects in today’s world are given a lot of importance and it will continue to grow in the coming years. There are a lot of companies which do not have production, but all of them do have projects. There are a lot of books which have been published on which related to planning and managing the projects. The one of the most important one was published by the author Eli Goldratt in his book ‘Critical chain’. This book basically talks and shows how the application of theory of constraints in the field of project management. The novel is basically based on one of the MBA classes in America where a number of ideas are developed in discussions among the students and the lecturers. The lecturer is basically fighting for a tenure with the president of the university who expects a downturn in the executive MBA. The lecturer who teaches project management has a word with one the senior colleagues and project management was the right topic to teach. There were three students who were placed in the project management team of their company which manufactures electronic products. The students are enrolled in this MBA class along with other students, here they discover a new approach to project management which is known as the
The project will be divided into four phases, each with a certain purpose and timeline to achieve a specific goal.
(Andre, 2016) The two forms of measurements are Financial and Operational. Financial measurements consist of net profit, return of investments and cash flow. Whereas Operational measurements deal with the rate which money is generated in the system called the Through Put; the control of inventory and the overall operating expense inventory, sales, salary. (Jacobs, 2013) Each of the above statements is key factors to the rules of constraint management. Lister stated, “The constraint management model seeks to improve gaps between constrained resources and non-constrained resources. Tying the completion of project steps by non -constrained resources to completion by constrained resources improves operational efficiency and closes gaps in schedules.” (Lister, 2016) The article continued discussing the model of constraints in management and how it identifies with the employees performance standards and the improvement of the operational efficiency. The importance of structure was emphasized when collecting raw material, creating product and the delivering of products to the consumer. (Lister, 2016) Each of these is key factors to the success of an operation. Improper structure and/or lack
Project management is said to be completed within time when it completed within the “triple constraints”: cost, time and quality. And in a lot of causes, one them is sacrificed so as to meet the other two. Project managers prioritize which ones are the most important.
Having seen this with my own personal experience, poor planning can derail a project very early on, or you can see evidence of it spinning out of control as the project is transferred to the Execution Group. You have to have a firm grasp of milestones, the scope of work that is needed to reach each milestone, or go even granular and see how each activity can be performed on time, on budget, and not delay the project, especially if subsequent phases and tasks are waiting for this phase to be completed. An article on Bright Hub has a good point about this group, in that it is critical to the success of your project. After the documents created in this phase of the project are completed you will have a clear and actionable roadmap for project delivery, with the key being actionable. (Source: http://www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning/1673-moving-into-the-project-planning-stage/ (Links to an external site.)).
The project scope defines “all of the work to be completed during the project. The scope describes what is to be accomplished with the project. It defines the end-product to be delivered to the customer by a particular point in time and at a specified budget or cost. Additionally, the scope defines the boundaries of the work, allowing team members to accurately assess what is and is not part of the required effort” Nicholas (2001:164)
The project scope statement identified in the initiation phase, serves as the main input when estimating the time and duration for a project. Concerning TM it is important to allocate appropriate time to the projects scope, project duration so that cost overruns can be avoided together with penalty clauses and reputation damage.
Project management involves all activities that encompass scheduling, planning, and controlling projects. A successful project manager ensure that an organization’s resources are being used both efficiently and effectively. Most projects need to be uniquely developed require a sense of customization and the ability to adapt to any posed challenges. The scope of effective project management includes defining what the project is and what is being expected to be accomplished. Projects are imposed to fulfill a certain need and project managers must have the ability to create the proper definition. Goals and the means used to attain those goals have to be clearly stated. Project Managers must also have the ability to plan