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Behavioral modifications for smoking cessation
Introduction to essay smoking cessation therapy
Introduction to essay smoking cessation therapy
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The Transtheoretical Model is used to understand how individuals change health behaviors. Use of this model aids in developing interventions, appropriate for each stage of the change process. The model includes a total of six stages of change, which are: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination (Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanath, 2015). During the precontemplation stage, individuals have no intentions of taking action to change their behaviors within the following six months. During the contemplation stage individuals have an intention to change their behavior within the next six months. Individuals of the preparation stage, intend to take action to change the health behavior within the next 30 days. Action …show more content…
Rigotti and associated found one third of college students are current tobacco users (Obermayer, Riley, Ofer, & Jersino, 2004). College students however are unlikely to seek professional help to quit smoking. 46 college student participants, aged 18 to 25 year old in the Washington D.C. area participated in the study. Subjects reported smoking an average of 28 cigarettes per week and had a desire to quit smoking within the next 30 days. Measurements were taken on the Seven Day Reconstructions, Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale, and a program questionnaire at pretest and six weeks later at …show more content…
On subjects individual selected quit day the program sent a text message to participants of encouragement about remaining abstinent throughout the selected quit day. Subjects also received support to help with withdrawal symptoms as well as strategies for coping. Throughout the quit day maintenance and relapse prevention period subjects received two text messages. Participants had the option of replying back that they were doing alright and did not need further assistance and also got reminders about the number of days since they quit and encouraged them to remain abstinent. After six weeks into the program, nearly half of the subjects reported having gone through a 24-hour quit period and 22 percent had quit smoking (Obermayer, et al., 2004). The quit rate results of this study support that a behavioral smoking cessation program can be delivered via text messages.
References
Glanz, K., Rimer, B., Vixwanath, K., (2015). Health behavior: Theory, research, and practice. (5th ed.). San Francisco, Ca: Jossey-Bass.
Obermayer, J., Riley, W., Ofer, A., Jersino, J. (2004). College smoking cessation using cell phone text messaging. Journal of American College Health, 53(2), 71-78. DOI: 10.3200/JACH.53.2. 71-78
Diclemente, C., Fairhurst, S., Prochaska, J., Rossi, J., Velasques, M., Velices, W. (1991). The process of smoking cessation: An analysis
DiClemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2013). Health Behavior Theory for Public Health: Principles, Foundations, and Applications. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning
This section discusses health psychology and behavioral medicine, making positive life changes, resources for effective life change, controlling stress, behaving, and your good life. Health psychology emphasizes psychology’s role in establishing and maintaining health and preventing and treating illness. It reflects the belief that lifestyle choices, behaviors, and psychological characteristics can play important roles in health. The mind is responsible for much of what happens in the body, it is not the only factor, the body may influence the mind as well. Making positive life changes include health behaviors- practices that have an impact on physical well being. The stages of change model describes the process by which individuals give up bad habits and adopt healthier lifestyles. The model has five stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation/ determination, action/ willpower, and
In 1979, James O. Prochaska developed the Trans-theoretical model (TTM) which has its roots in psychotherapy, and representing the outcomes and the critical review of three hundred therapy studies. (McKenzie, et al., 2005) As a model in nature, TTM aims to presented processes and explain them thus is helping planners and healthcare educators better understand implementation and evaluation of programs as well as defining the framework on which to create plans for programs. (Butler, 2000) According to McKenzie et al (2005), TTM refers to as stage theory where people are classified into categories and identifies the overall factors that move people from one category to the next. Specifically, stage theories are characterized by four fundamental principles, which are as follows: (1) Definition of stages by generating a category system (2) Ordering of stages (3) Common barriers (4) Different barriers. Based upon these principals, transtheoritical
We discussed methods/ and or techniques that allows organization to learn how to effectively use these stages of Transtheoretical Model of Change and how it relates to change. “This model emphasizes the decision making of the individual and has been applied to a wide variety of problem behaviors including alcohol and drug abuse, smoking, and overeating. The Transtheoretical Model of Change describes change as a process—rather than a single event— that involves progress through a series of stages. The primary organizational constructs of the Transtheoretical Model of Change are the Stages of Change and the Processes of Change.” Tomlin, K., Walker, R. D., Grover, J., Arquette, W. & Stewart, P. (2005). Also, figuring out solutions but using this method of approach to help change the behavior by overcoming their lack of motivation. How will we overcome it? By using the motivational interviewing approach/ and or stages to help guide organizations through
Almost all clinics and research studies rely primary upon verified self-reports of smoking as the critical dependent measure. Nevertheless, the request for a number of cigarettes smoked per day depends on the accuracy and honesty of the respondent . The use of self-monitoring recording has been recommended in various forms and is commonly used in many studies to provide some reliability and psychometric qualities of the rate data . The primary evaluation of treatment-results based on abstinence data can be recommended for several reasons: (1) temperance is the primary goal of all smokers who seek treatment; (2) follow-up data reveals that most smokers who failed to attain assistance returned to initial smoking rates; (3) analysis of rate data yield significant treat...
Most people have an aspiration to get rid of a certain unhealthy behaviour or to employ a new health behaviour that would benefit their wellbeing. Some examples include a wish to stop smoking, eating a balanced diet or getting rid of a sedentary lifestyle. Many psychologists have been trying to find a model that would help people fight these kinds of unwanted health behaviours. One of such is the Transtheoretical model of behavioural change (TTM) which will be the main focus of this essay. Specifically, how one’s sedentary lifestyle can be changed by bringing out a systematic exercising routine using TTM.
The Transtheoretical Model was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in the 1970s, it took shape after studies were analyzed that observed the experiences of smokers who quit without intervention versus those needing treatment. It was concluded that individuals stopped smoking only when they were ready to. Following this observation, the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) centers on the decision-making of the individual person and is a model of intentional change. The TTM works on the assumption that individuals don’t alter behaviors abruptly and conclusively. Instead a change in behavior, particularly habitual behavior, happens continuously via a cyclical process. The TTM is a model, as opposed to a theory; therefore different behavioral theories and constructs can be applied to various phases of the model where they can be effective (Glanz et al., 2008).The TTM also incorporates a list of outcome variables: decisional balance, self-efficacy, behaviors and any other psychosocial or biological variables that might help to describe the specific area of change.
I chose the transtheoretical model as my theory to help my behavior change. Transtheoretical theory was originally developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in 1984 to help explain smoking cessations. It has been modified over the years to show that behavior changes are ...
The key concept of the health belief model includes threat perception (perceived threat), behavioral evaluation, self-efficacy and other variables. The threat perception has very great relevance in health-related behaviors. This perception are measured by perceived susceptibility (the beliefs about the likelihood of contacting a disease) and perceived severity (the feeling about the seriousness of contacting an illness and leaving it untreated). The behavioral evaluation is assessed by the levels of perceived benefits (the positive effects to be expected), perceived barriers (potential negative aspects of a health behavior), and cues to action (the strategies to activated one’s readiness). The self-efficacy key concept was not originally included in of the health belief model, and it was just added in 1998 to look at a person’s belief in his/her ability to take action in order to make a health related change. The other variables that are also the key concepts of the model include diverse demography, sociopsychology, education, and structure. These factors are variable from one to another and indirectly influence an individual’s health-related behavior because the factors influence the perception...
Hypnotherapy is widely recognised, as a method for aiding smoking cessation, however, conflicting evidence exists regarding its efficacy. In meta analysis hypnosis proved 3 times more effective than nicotine replacement methods, and 15 times more effective than stopping without help (Schmidt and Chockalingham, 1992). Having said this, results are not always clean cut. A number of studies report a mixture of success rates i.e. 90.6% (Barber, 2001), 90% (Klager, 2004), and 80% (Crasilneck, 1990), while others report much lower rates of success at 48% (Elkins and Rajab, 2004) and 25% (Ahijevych, Yerardi and Nedilsky, 2000). Something else to consider is the variety of methods that may be adopted in order to treat smoking cessation with hypnosis, as the efficacy of these methods may also vary (Crasilneck, 1990; Barber, 2001; Spiegel, Frischholz, Fleiss and Spiegel, 1993). However, the constant variable within smoking cessation treatment is the patient. Therefore, treatment tailored towards the individual needs of the smoker needs to be considered when evaluating the best approach to therapy.
Objective 10 reads, “Increase tobacco cessation counseling in health care settings.” In 2007, 19.2 percent of visits to office-based ambulatory care settings for tobacco users over age 18 included tobacco cessation counseling. In 2010, the number ...
I was fearful that a smoking-related disease would catch up with me before I found a way to quit smoking. I’ve been smoking for three years now and I have already noticed health effects that it has had on my body. I started noticing my teeth turning yellow and my gums looking bad. I hated the smoker's cough and shortness of breath I had developed. I do not want to develop any other health side effects because of my smoking. I want to improve my life and live a long and happy life smoke free. I don’t want to be addicted to cigarettes anymore. That is why the health behavior tha...
Smoking is a lifestyle, a habit, and a trend. Smoking has become a social activity among teens, connecting them through the craving of a smoke. Smoking is seen as seductive and cool in the media and movies which influences teenagers to smoke even more. The World Health Organization has stated that “Tobacco kills around 6 million people each year. More than 5 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while more than 600,000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke.” As of April 2016, only 7% of teenagers in the U.S. smoke, but it is said that tobacco use will kill 8 million people annually by 2030. 99% of adult smokers start in their years as teenagers. Smoking is an epidemic that has taken control of people’s lives since 1881 and the media since the early 1900s. Smoking currently kills about 440,000 people a year in the U.S. I feel that it is an issue because it is the #1 most preventable way to die, but people still continue to smoke because of how it looks and how they are perceived as a person if they do. The fact that people become addicted to a trend that will attribute to their death for the sake of being thought of as cooler, is a problem that needs to be addressed.
Some do choose a healthy lifestyle and along the way college students live out their lives. Unfortunately, there are still a lager amount of college students does choose the unhealthy lifestyle. Reason one, students can be stress and that only way by helping their stress is by smoking some cigarettes. Or reason two, students can have unhealthy family background. For example, if a college students have along day in school and didn’t go as how he/she wanted to and all that student wanted is to come home and relax from a long day, but when that student comes home and there’s so many family problems going on around the house he/she will feel uncomfortable do to family. That does put the college students in a lot of stress. Therefor, college students will choose that path on smoking some cigarettes. In the article of, Cigarettes Smoking Practices Among American College Students “ studies show that smoking by college students is associated with being White, living in housing where smoking is permitted, using alcohol and other substances, and having a lower psychological sense of well-being. Depression, life satisfaction, and coping style are also related to college smoking, but the causal relationship remains unclear”. Overall, the problem here is that college students are choosing unhealthy lifestyle and that number is increasing every time and every
UPenn, e. (n.d.). Health Behavior and Health Education. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved April 21, 2014, from http://www.med.upenn.edu/hbhe4/part4-ch15-organizational-development-theory.shtml