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Effects of Anti-Tobacco Advertisements
Effects of Anti-Tobacco Advertisements
Has advertising had an effect on tobacco use in the United States
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Introduction
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and worldwide (Centers for Disease Control, 2013, World Health Organization, 2008). Tobacco cessation counseling is a vital component of any public health strategy seeking to decrease mortality, disease and costs associated with smoking. To that end, the Healthy People 2020 Tobacco Use Objectives cover three main areas: reducing tobacco use, instituting health system changes, and creating social and environmental changes (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013). Objective TU-10 falls under the category of health system changes as it seeks to open doors for patients to make quit attempts and to pursue tobacco cessation methods by increasing tobacco
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The authors were motivated in part by evidence that educating providers about nicotine addiction and clinical guidelines for outpatient interventions has been effective in increasing tobacco screening rates.(KIMMEL REFS 17 &18) Eight sites were identified to adopt and pilot the tobacco screening initiative. After setting up structures within each clinic to ensure stability and functionality of tobacco screening and counseling protocols, the researchers provided training to all providers at multiple site in tobacco screening and cessation counseling. Kimmel and her coauthors designed their interventions based on the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence (insert ref from Kimmel #6??). The program was comprehensive and included site-specific patient education materials, periodic follow-up training sessions as well as sessions for new employees. Each site had a provider with strong interest in tobacco cessation and the capability to serve as a leader to spear head the project for their group, reviewing data and acting as a liaison between the site and the researchers. The so-called “champion” also acted to support other sites as necessary. Each site had baseline reports and then performance reports generated every six months throughout the study. These reports were shared with all …show more content…
(2012). Paying for prevention: associations between pay for performance and cessation counseling in primary care practices. American Journal of Health Promotion, Mar-Apr;26(4):230-4. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.091118-QUAN-368.
Jamal, A., Dube, S.R., Malarcher, A.M., Shaw, L., Engstrom, M.C. (2012). Tobacco use screening and counseling during physician office visits among adults – National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2005 – 2009. Centers for Disease Control. MMWR, 61(02); 38-45.
Kimmel, S., Smith, S.L., Sabino, J.N., Gertner, E., Dostal, J., Greenberg, M.R. (2009). Tobacco screening multicomponent quality improvement network program: beyond education. Academic Emergency Medicine, 16(11):1186-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00551.x.
Meredith, L.S., Yano, E.M., Hickey, S.C., Sherman, S.E. (2005) Primary care provider attitudes are associated with smoking cessation counseling and referral. Medical Care, 43(9):929-34.
Payne, T.J., Chen, C.I., Baker, C.L., Shah, S.N., Pashos, C.L., Boulanger, L. (2012)
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: tobacco intervention practices in outpatient clinics. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26(3):644-8. doi: 10.1037/a0026910. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
Reid, J.L., Hammond, D, Boudreau, C., Fong, G.T., Siahpush, M.; ITC
When smokers quit-what are the benefits over time. (2014, Februrary 6). American Cancer Society. Retrieved from www.cancer.org
Cigarette addiction is responsible for over four million deaths every year. The question most people ask is why don’t people just put down their cigarettes? Well, the answer to that often asked question is nicotine. Nicotine is a neurotransmitter that targets certain receptors in the brain. It is a chemical messenger that induces feelings of pleasure. When someone takes a hit off of a cigarette, they ingest the harmful chemicals that can cause cancer and other serious health threats. They only inhale these chemicals to get one thing and one thing only, nicotine.
Almost all clinics and research studies rely primary upon verified self-reports of smoking as the critical dependent measure. Nevertheless, the request for a number of cigarettes smoked per day depends on the accuracy and honesty of the respondent . The use of self-monitoring recording has been recommended in various forms and is commonly used in many studies to provide some reliability and psychometric qualities of the rate data . The primary evaluation of treatment-results based on abstinence data can be recommended for several reasons: (1) temperance is the primary goal of all smokers who seek treatment; (2) follow-up data reveals that most smokers who failed to attain assistance returned to initial smoking rates; (3) analysis of rate data yield significant treat...
Slade, John, “The Tobacco Epidemic: Lessons from History.” University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. 1989.
“New Study Shows Smokers Underutilize Proven Treatment and Services For Quitting.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. .
Smoking is a lifestyle, a habit, and a trend. Smoking has become a social activity among teens, connecting them through the craving of a smoke. Smoking is seen as seductive and cool in the media and movies which influences teenagers to smoke even more. The World Health Organization has stated that “Tobacco kills around 6 million people each year. More than 5 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while more than 600,000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke.” As of April 2016, only 7% of teenagers in the U.S. smoke, but it is said that tobacco use will kill 8 million people annually by 2030. 99% of adult smokers start in their years as teenagers. Smoking is an epidemic that has taken control of people’s lives since 1881 and the media since the early 1900s. Smoking currently kills about 440,000 people a year in the U.S. I feel that it is an issue because it is the #1 most preventable way to die, but people still continue to smoke because of how it looks and how they are perceived as a person if they do. The fact that people become addicted to a trend that will attribute to their death for the sake of being thought of as cooler, is a problem that needs to be addressed.
This essay is aimed to explore, analyse and discuss smoking in adults. Smoking is a public health issue as such is one of the major contributors to high mortality and ill-health in the adults which is preventable (Health and Excellence Care (NICE) (2012). The United Kingdom (UK) is known to have the highest number of people with a history of smoking among people with low socio-economic status (Scriven and Garman, 2006; Goddard and Green, 2005). Smoking is considered a serious epidemic in the UK and the National institute for Health and Excellence Care (NICE, 2012) stated that 28% of adults with low economic status are tobacco smokers compared with 13% of those with economic status or having professional incomes. Furthermore almost 80,000 people died in England in 2011 as a result of smoking related issues and 9,500 admissions of children died due to being second hand smokers (WHO, 2005). This essay focuses on definition of smoking, the aim is to underline the relationship between smoking and the determinants of health and then, the size, prevalence, and morbidity trend of smoking will be explored. Furthermore, some public health policies introduced to confront the issues around smoking will be investigated and finally, the roles of nurses will identify health needs the public so as to promote good health and their wellbeing.
Diclemente, C., Fairhurst, S., Prochaska, J., Rossi, J., Velasques, M., Velices, W. (1991). The process of smoking cessation: An analysis
of the attempts, while "the role of Health Locus of Control [was found to be]
Smoking cigarettes is a detrimental practice not only to the smoker, but also to everyone around the smoker. According to an article from the American Lung Association, “Health Effects” (n.d.), “Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S., causing over 438,000 deaths per year”. The umbrella term for tobacco use includes the use of cigarettes, cigars, e-cigs and chewing tobacco. While tobacco causes adverse health consequences, it also has been a unifying factor for change in public health. While the tobacco industries targets specific populations, public health specifically targets smokers, possible smokers, and the public to influence cessation, policies and education.
In addition 16 million Americans are suffering from a tobacco related disease ("Tobacco Use "). Disease and consequently deaths associated with tobacco use are largely preventable and have become a focus of the Healthy People 20/20 initiative. To achieve the overarching goal of reducing illness, disability, and deaths associated with tobacco use, the Healthy People 20/20 initiative is expanding their treatment focus to include cessation programs in the acute care settings. As the initiative specifically mentions at risk populations such as pregnant women and children, the mentally ill population is not mention. This is troubling due to the fact that individuals diagnosed with a mental illness are two times more likely to use tobacco products than those without a mental illness making up 32.4% of all smokers(Lê Cook et al., 2014; Twyman, Bonevski, Paul, & Bryant, 2014). On average individuals suffering from a mental illness die twenty five years before the general population (Prochaska, 2011). These individuals are not dying from their mental illness but rather dying from preventable diseases associated with their tobacco use (Prochaska,
Tobacco addiction contributes to approximately 438,000 deaths in the United States each year2, with smoking cigarettes constituting one of the most common preventable causes of death, on report asserts3. Tobacco use kills five million people a year worldwide, another source stresses4. Quitting smoking, or at least reduction, for instance, could greatly reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease.1,5 These diseases that can be prevented or reduced include heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, coronary artery spasm, and cardiac arrhythmia.1
"Adult Cigarette Smoking in the United States: Current Estimates." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 26 Feb. 2014.
Daynard.R., (2013). Regulatory Approaches to Ending Cigarette-Caused Death and Disease in the United States. Boston University School of Law; American Journal of Law and Medicine.
Almost 80% of the worlds smokers are lower middle class to lower class. (who.int) This statistic that was taken from the World Health Organization, W.H.O., shows that around the globe it is the less educated making these choices.