Title IX Have you ever wondered what protects our right to an education free of sexual harassment and equal opportunity in school activities? Title IX does that. Title IX was created by a woman named Edith Green. She was the legislation chairperson of the Oregon Congress of Parents and Teachers. She became a House member in 1954. Her first proposal was the Library Service Bill. Eight years she shepherded Title IX until it passed on June 23, 1972 part of the Higher Education Act. (Crass, Scott) Title IX is a law that requires equality of genders in every educational program funded by the federal government. It is called the “living, breathing law” because it’s been the subject of court cases, amendments, and reviews. (NWLC) Women and girls have benefited from more participation opportunities and more equitable facilities. Women who were under ten when Title IX was passed have much higher sports participation than those who grew up before. Fifty- five percent of the “post-Title IX” generation participated in high school sports, thirty-three percent of the “pre-Title IX” generation. Women have been offered more scholarships for higher education. Actually, many female athletes that are in the Olympics credit Title IX for their success with being able to attend college on athletic scholarships. (Feminist Majority Foundation) Though most people only apply this only to sports, but this also pertain to Career Education, Education for Pregnant and Parenting students, and Higher Education. Most complaints against Title IX involve either sexual harassment or sports. (NWLC) For instance, Joanna Espinosa filed a sexual harassment against her former boyfriend at the University of Texas – Pan America. When they paid her no mind, she... ... middle of paper ... ... Denies Women’s Charges in Federal Sex Assault Lawsuit. 5. Schuman, Rebecca. February 23, 2014. Title Nein. 6. Patrick, Malone. November 20, 2013. CSU Out of Title IX Gender Equality Compliance. 7. Pucin, Diane. November 10, 2010. Group Names Irvine High School in Title IX Complaint. 8. Fagan, Kate and Cyphers, Luke. April 29, 2012. Five Myths about Title IX. 9. Feminist Majority Foundation. 2014. Gender Equality in Athletics and Sports. 10. Kingkade, Tyler. December 20, 2013. Carnegie Mellon University Failed to Stop Ex-Girlfriend’s Harassment. 11. Kingkade, Tyler. April 3, 2014. Harvard’s Handling of Sexual Assault Reports Lambasted in Federal Complaint. 12. Gordon, Claire. April 1, 2011. Title IX Complaint Against Yale Has a Case. 13. Wilson, Teddy. February 26, 2014. Title IX, Clery Complaints Filed Against UC Berkeley by Current and Former Students.
McAndrews, Patrick J. "Keeping Score: How Universities Can Comply With Title IX Without Eliminating Men's Collegiate Athletic Programs." Brigham Young University Education & Law Journal 1 (2012): 111-140. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.
Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments to the Civil Rights Act and the Women’s Educational Equity Act of 1974 prohibited discrimination against women in federally aided education programs. In 1975, Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, which improved opportunities for a group of children who had previously lacked full access to a quality education.
In 1979 Title IX was passed, giving female athletes a huge step towards achieving their goals but possibly giving the AIAW it's defeating blow. With the passage of Title IX came funding for women's sports that was not present prior to this. Suddenly women's athletics were more than just a game, they were profitable sports and men took note of this. Most educational institutions merged their men's and women's physical education and athletic departments. Since this new athletic department had twice the staff that was needed, women athletic director and administrators were sent down to secondary positions. Men were now controlling women's athletics, one domain where women had ruled for the past decade.
Title IX is a law that was made by the NCAA in 1972, that states that there can be no discrimination or exclusion of a gender through athletics or education. (Mankiller). Which means that men's sports cannot be favored over women's sports. Many people are very cognizant of this law. For example, if a school has $100,000, the school must spend the money equally between the athletics of each gender, even if there are more men's sports teams. They must get the same treatment. That may sound great, but Title IX has impacted men's athletics significantly. Although Title IX has been a valuable way to establish gender equality, the NCAA loses money, puts men out of scholarships, abolishes smaller men’s sports teams, and it should be
IX was established many people thought that women were more concerned and involved in getting married, and having children rather than continuing their education. Until the early 70's, many colleges and universities were reluctant to admit women into their student body. Fortunately, the unfairness in admissions of higher education for females that was prominent prior to the early 70’s is less common. Women now receive undergraduate and graduate degrees at a significantly higher rate than before the adoption of the Title IX's statutes. It's more common today for women to take professions that were more commonly dominated by males. Title IX is an important legislation because it helps increase women's access to higher education, protect against sexual harassment, and help increase the number of female athletics
Title IX and the Education Amendments of 1972 were created to defend equal opportunities for women of all ages. Since its inception 44 years ago, women have seen impressive strides as well as disappointing failures. Social prejudice continues to exist limiting female participation opportunities, benefits for female athletes, coaching opportunities, and increased exposure to sexual assault and abuse. Few institutions treat female athletes equally due to the lack of enforcement by collegiate athletic departments. The enforcement of Title IX has not been a priority among far too many educational institutions leaving women open to discrimination and mistreatment.
The debate over Title IX is a complex one, with many sides relentlessly attacking each other’s approaches regarding the law. The Title IX advocates, largely comprised of women’s organizations such as the National Women’s Law Center (NWLC), take the approach that the law is the major reason women have achieved somewhat equal opportunities in athletics. The NWLC contends that abolishing Title IX would undo years of progress so far achieved. In sharp contrast with the Title IX advocates are the Title IX opponents, who are largely comprised of the National Wrestling Coaches Association (...
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 states that, “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” (“Title IX and Sex Discrimination”) Title IX protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs or activities which receive Federal financial assistance. This had a significant impact on women’s sports on all levels. “These programs and activities may include, but are not limited to: admissions, recruitment, financial aid, academic programs, student treatment and services, counseling and guidance, discipline, classroom assignment, grading, vocational education, recreation, physical education, athletics, housing and employment.” (“Title IX and Sex Discrimination”) If any person wants to file a complaint of an alleged discrimination, they must go to the Office for Civil Right within 180 days of the incident.
Much has changed for women since the 1970’s. One of the most important events that have happened in the world of female athletics is the establishment of professional athletics for women. Educational Amendments of 1972. These amendments assure that everyone who wants an education is treated equally no matter what race or gender, to create opportunities for everyone. Most important of those amendments is Title IX.
“Title IX is a law passed in 1972 that requires gender equity for boys and girls in every educational program that receives federal funding” (“History”, Part. 2). Title IX covers 10 different aspects of gender equality (“History” Par. 3 ). The different aspects are: Access to Higher Education, Career Education, Education for Pregnant and Parenting Students, Employment, Learning Environment, Math and Science, Standardized Testing and Technology, Sexual Harassment. One of the hardest areas to regulate is sexual harassment and assault because once it occurs there isn’t a lot you can do for the victim.
...ousness-raising" groups, which rapidly expanded in number. These women met to discuss the injustice of "sexism," an equivalent to racism; they began to start many feminist projects, such as health collectives, day care centers, rape crisis centers, abortion counseling services and women’s study programs. In the 1970’s they focused on three issues: equality in education/employment, access to legal abortions and the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Congress also approved Title IX of the Higher Education Act. This Act prohibited bias on the basis of sex in any educational program that received federal resources. So, many universities and military academies that was once all-male were forced to accept women students. While great strides were made in women’s equality, the wage discrepancy between men and women for the same jobs remains prevalent today.
This issue of Title IX affects our education system today because its rules are controversial as to what is really “equal.” For instance, if one particular sport at a university is extremely successful and is capable of supporting many other sports within the system, then, is it fair that that successful sports team should be penalized by limiting their funds? Should they have to support a team who has been added to the university to abide by Title IX rules, but are not making a profit? In the end, the ...
Great inequalities in the educational system between the sexes have occurred for many years and still occur today. Efforts have been made to rectify this disparity, but the one that has made the most difference is Title IX. Passed in 1972, Title IX attempted to correct the gender discrimination in educational systems receiving public funding. The greatest correction it made was in the area of athletics, but social justice of Title IX applies to many other areas as well. Title IX has an effect on women who are not athletes in many ways, including quality of education, receptivity to education, empowerment and creation of ideals.
Claussen, Cathryn L. "Female sport participation in America: the effectiveness of Title IX after 35 years." The International Sports Law Journal 3-4 (July-Oct 2007)
Have you ever wondered why many schools have more women’s athletic teams than the men do? This is due to the fact that all universities must abide by the regulations put in place by Title IX. Title IX in many ways is responsible for the growth and success of women’s collegiate athletics. Even though it has contributed to the growth of Women’s athletics has, in turn, had a negative effect on the opportunities male students have to participate in sports.