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Strengths and weaknesses of motivational theories
Strengths and weaknesses of motivational theories
Motivation in terms of underlying physiological state
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According to the article entitled,” A Theory of Human Motivation” by A.H. Maslow, Maslow stated that human motivation is defined in several ways. Some of the ways that human motivation is define is : The integrated wholeness of the organism must be one of the foundation stories of motivation theory. The hungry drive was refused as the main focus point. A theory should be center itself base on goals The cultural paths have the same goal. Any motivate behavior such as preparatory or consummatory should be understood on all levels Human needs arrange themselves in hierarchies of prepotency . Classifications of motivations must base on goals insnftead of instigating drives or motivate behavior. Motivation theory is not synonymous with behavior …show more content…
Physiological theory is divided into two categories. Homeostasis refers to the body ‘s automatic system to maintain normal state. In order for the body to maintain normal state, it has to have water content, sugar level, salt content, protein, fat content, calcium content, and constant temperature of the blood. Another part of the physiological needs is the appetite which relates to the need of the body. When the body lacks certain chemical , then the body will have certain appetite for that need. All physiological needs are not homeostasis . The other needs are desire , sleep, and maternal need in animals. Physiological needs is considered to isolated because they are localizable and somatically (Shafritz&Hyde, 2012, p.114). Safety needs is another physiological needs. Most theorists observed this need by observing infants. The main reason why the infants are observe is that theorists are able to see the infants reaction to threat and danger. Infants are not taught to obtain safety until later in life. As an adult they will do anything necessary to obtain safety. In various studies , it was discovered that infants are able to react to danger in many ways such as body language, undisrupted rhythms, or routine pattern of child( Shafritz & Hyde, 2012,
Our physiological needs are the needs for food, sex, health, and so on. Our safety needs are the needs for stability and security in our living situation. Our social needs are the needs we have for meaningful relationships, as well as our needs for support from peers or our society. Our esteem needs are our needs to feel validated, and accomplished. And last but not least, of course are our needs for self-actualization; in other words our needs to become autonomous, capable and fulfilled in what we
...e there is still no universally accepted definition for the concept, but the reason people are motivated by different things and different ways to look at motivation.
The first level of the hierarchy is the physiological needs, which include, the need for food, water, shelter and warmth. Most people should achieve this as a baby. These are the needs that are necessary for survival. Without these it is impossible for a human to function.
... prove that when people have meet the physiological need they do not need to worry about it; thus, his behavior is drive to meet the next level of need such as safety need. Other example is that he worked hard in the internship to get the job because it promises a lot of advantages that ensured the first and second needs.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation (Vol. 50). Wisconsin, United States of America: Psychological Review.
Physiological needs are at the bottom of the pyramid and is broken down into many different parts. A person’s most basic need for survival is physical survival and once that level has been achieved you gradually go upwards on the pyramid. Physiological needs are broken down into
The first level is physiological needs. As humans, we need certain things to live, such as food, water, oxygen, sleep, exercise, etc. These things are very primal and don’t take a lot of thinking and energy to do. Every day, I wake up and drink some water and go to school. I eat lunch at school and much more water throughout the day. When I get
Psychologists describe it as the desire that energizes and directs a behavior. It is derived from the exchange between nature and nurture. It is our motivation, and without it, we wouldn't get anything accomplished. When exploring our motivation, we focus on four different perspectives; instinct theory, drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, and hierarchy of needs.
Any breathing animal has certain needs that must be met for it to survive. These can include water, food and sleep. If these criteria are met, the animal will be able to withstand a level of homeostasis. According to the behavioral perspective, a wish for this homeostasis is what energies and motivates an individual.
What is motivation? According to text, motivation is defined as a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward a certain goal. Motivation is the energy that makes us do things: this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we have inspiration to complete the mission. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves. Depending on how motivated we are, it may further determine the effort we put into our work and therefore increase the standard of the productivity. There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed over the years. Several are drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, psychosocial (both incentive and cognitive) theory, and Maslow’s H...
The hierarchy of needs has five different tiers, with the highest one to reach at the top and the easiest one to reach at the bottom. The one on the bottom is physiological needs. This is the food, water, and proper body temperature tier. These are all things that the body needs to survive and be alive. Sleep, sexual activity, need for activity are also important aspects to survival. (Campbell, 2014) Most people are able to accomplish this tier. The next tier is safety needs. This includes living in a safe environment in which a person is not harmed, has uncontaminated drinking water and food. It also includes the need to have stability in life. Some examples of safety needs are having a savi...
These scientist attempted to understand motivation with instincts that are found both in human and in animals. Sometimes instinct can be related to aggressive behaviors. In reality instinct can be related to curiosity, running away, aggressiveness, and gathering possessions proposed by William McDougall in 1908.There are also cases where drive-reduction theory connects to internal physiology and outward behavior causing an organism that has a need, like hunger, to lead into psychological tension that motivates the organism to act, fulfilling the need and reducing tension. Drive-reduction theory also has two drives which are primary drives that involve needs of the body, while acquired (secondary) drives are learned through experience. Homeostasis also includes into the drive-reduction theory which causes the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state. Also, the need for affiliation (nAff) helps and individual have a friendly social interaction and relationships with others as well as to be thought as something great with
Motivation is key in the workplace. It is developed from the collaboration of both conscious and unconscious principles such as the strength of desire or need, motivating force or reward estimation of the objective, and desires of the person and of his or her peers/co-workers. These elements are the reasons one has for carrying on a specific way. An illustration is an understudy that invests additional energy contemplating for a test since he or she needs a superior review in the class. The Inside and outside principles that animate want and vitality in individuals to be constantly intrigued and centered around their work, part or subject, or to try to achieve an objective.
The question for the motivation is ‘ why do people do what they do’. It is concerned with why people choose a particular course of action in preference to others, and why they continue with chosen action, often over a long period, and in the face of difficulties and problems. (Mullins, 2015) Motivation described as intentional, which controlled by workers and behaviours. The purpose is to predict behaviour. There are two types of motivation. The first one is called as Extrinsic motivation. This motivation is about “tangible” which talks salary and fringe benefits, security, and promotion. The second one is called Intrinsic motivation and it relates to psychological rewards such as the opportunity to use one’s ability and positive recognition. It can be defined by the actions and behaviour of individual managers. (Mullins, 2005) Motivation can affect the organizations achievements and performances. It is important to motivate the work force. Because, this increase satisfaction and ability of the workers. Poor performance, Dissatisfaction and Poor customer services are the consequences of a demotivation in workforce. Because motivating employee in the workforce is to complete their job duties at better level can be challenging. These are the negative consequences that affect to success. The Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory is published originally in 1943. He defines this theory is that people are wanting beings, they always want more, and what they want depends on what they already have. (Mullins, 2005) He discovered eight innate needs, including the need to know and understand. This theory usually displayed as a
Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) developed a model that represents the motivational needs of humans. In this model, Hierarchy of Needs (1943), Maslow conceptualizes that human needs are met in five steps that begin with the basic physiological need (those of hunger, thirst, avoidance of pain, procreation, elimination). He then goes on to say that we may then become motivated to meet the needs for safety (of self, home, and those we love or care for), for love and belongingness (emotional bonds for intimacy, friendships, and social connections), to feel esteemed (the need for achievement, respect prestige, status, and/or approval) (Nevid, 2013). Maslow's hierarchy ends with the highest need, that of self-actualization. He feels that only after we meet the lower needs, can we begin to move up each step until we reach the fulfillment of human potential at the stage of self-actualization.