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What is management of stress in sport
Stress ,arousal and anxiety in sports
Academic pressure
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Stress eating is one of biggest faults when it comes to my health behaviors. As an athlete gaining excessive weight in fat has many disadvantages; my agility, body composition, and reaction time are the ultimate components of my athletic ability first to suffer. As an aspiring Division I athlete, those components, along with skill, are of the utmost importance to gaining play time. My stress eating started as a habit and later developed into classical conditioning. Before said my conditioning unconditioned stimulus was academic work and my unconditioned response was eating. The neutral stimulus during this time was stress. However, now my controlled stimulus is stress and my controlled response is still eating. It is clear this behavior did not develop into operative conditioning due to the shortcoming of positive and negative reinforcement, primary and secondary reinforcers, and punishment. …show more content…
The use of negative reinforcement will have the biggest effect on the completion of this goal. Each time I eat excessively when doing school work I will deposit $15 into my savings account and not take it back out. I will then begin to associate stress eating with losing money, which is something I despise. If I begin to get bold and ignore the negative reinforcement I will have to take a more drastic measure, punishment from my mother. In the past, when I was not able to stop my own bad habits such as: nail biting, knuckle popping, and saying “yeah” instead of “yes” ,with my my mother would ground me for two weeks. This time if I stress eat my punishment from my mother will be being banned from the kitchen for 10 days per each session of stress eating. For every 10 days that I do not stress eat, I will treat myself to a small bowl of frozen yogurt;therefore, making frozen yogurt my positive
Joshua Klein was at a cocktail party with his friends when one was complaining about the crows in their yard. Joshua mentioned that they should train them to do something useful, and the friend responded that it was impossible. This is what brought Klein to his idea of making a vending machine for crows. Klein studied crows and found that they adapt a lot to live in our world. He figured he would make something useful and beneficial for both the birds and us. After spending years reading about crows, Klein made his vending machine.
Operant conditioning is a kind of conditioning, which examines how often a behavior will or occur depending on the effects of the behavior (King, 2016, pg. ). The words positive and negative are used to apply more significance to the words reinforcement or punishment. Positive is adding to the stimulus, while negative is removing from the stimulus (King, 2016). For instance, with positive reinforcement, there is the addition of a factor to increase the number of times that the behavior occurs (King, 2016). An example of positive reinforcement is when a child is given an allowance for completing their household chores. The positive reinforcement is the allowance which helps to increase the behavior of doing chores at home. In contrast with negative
Since the arrival of our twins undesirable behavior has manifested in one of our 11 yr. old. While initially very conscienscious in helping attend to the infants & her ordinary duties, she has become accustomed to playing with them mostly now. This play in itself is great, except they no longer get the changing & feeding expected. Furthermore she uses them as an excuse now to put off doing the minimal domestic maintenance formerly performed. She is generally unresponsive to negative reinforcement options. Past experience shows she responds best to tactile & humanistic behaviorist techniques, backed up by specific instruction from our sacred texts observed in our household.
The first systematic study regarding operant conditioning was taken place in the 1800’s by the Psychologist, Thorndike. Thorndike formally defined operant conditioning as a type of learning that is controlled by the consequences of an organism’s behavior. However according to lecture, operant conditioning can be simply thought as performing an action in order to receive a reward. Operant conditioning can be useful when trying to deal with procrastination, increase efficacy of teaching, or to improve motivation. Therefore, operant conditioning can be used as a behavioral modification program to devise a more specific weight loss program to increase the roommate’s chances of making it on the football team. The program will include the following
Classical conditioning, or also called Pavlovian conditioning, is a form of learning in which a conditioned stimulus can induce a conditioned response by pairing the conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. It is known as Pavlovian conditioning because a Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov developed this idea in the early 1900s (Madden, Dube, Hackenberg, Hanley, Lattal, 2013). This learning theory is the factor of someone having phobias and drug addiction. “Phobia is an acquired fear that is out of proportion to the real threat of an object or of a situation” (Gazzaniga, Heatherton, & Halpern, 2016, p.235). However, in recent years there has been increasing evidence that suggests the possibility of treating these problems with counter-conditioning.
The paper presented is aimed at demonstrating the primary principals behind classical conditioning. By using a real life example the textbook theory can be applied to a hypothetical patient suffering from a sleep disorder possibly somewhat brought on by a ‘learnt’ experience.
Both operant and respondent conditioning are methods both teach concepts, but are significantly different in their deliveries. A website called Tutor2U disclosed some of the differences, such as, respondent conditioning is involuntary and based on reflexes, whereas operant conditioning is voluntarily controlled and is followed by a change in behavior. Additionally, respondent action is usually followed by a stimulus. Likewise, an operant response or action comes before either a punishment or an incentive. Lastly, in respondent conditioning, the stimulus is either pleasant or unfavorable, whereas the operant rewards system leads to a perception of the stimulus as a punishment to be a recurrence or elimination (Similarities and Differences
The behavior that I have chosen to modify is my exercising behavior. As a college student, exercise is something that I don’t get enough time to do. I chose to modify this behavior because I want to exercise more to improve my health and be fitter. Exercise is an important part of life, it is a stress reliever and stimulates brain cell development. Psychologist’s throughout the years have suggested that most of the things we do every day are due to habits. Various theories have been proposed to justify the process in which animals and humans change behaviors or habits. Among the theories are operant and classical conditioning. As human beings it is unavoidable to fall into habits either unconsciously or consciously, but science has revealed
It is difficult to be this type of eater in today’s health-conscious society with all the nutrition, food, and weight messages in the media. The principles given in this book have given me insight into ignoring society and staying an intuitive eater. These principles include: reject the diet mentality, honor your hunger, make peace with food, challenge the food police, feel your fullness, discover the satisfaction factor, cope with your emotions without using food, respect your body, exercise- feel the difference, and honor your health- gentle nutrition. The principle that I feel I need to work on the most is “Cope with your emotions without using food”. When I am feeling extremely stressed, I need to learn that food won’t fix this feeling. Food may comfort or distract me, but it won’t solve the problem. Now every time I think I want something to eat, I take a time-out and ask myself if I am biologically hungry or what feelings I have. Ways I can use to cope with my feeling without using food include: taking time to breathe deeply or meditate, talk with friends, get a massage, ask someone for a hug, or put fresh flowers in my
Out of the several behaviors that are performed daily, there are some that become bad habits and are hard to break. There are various behavior modification techniques, or treatment approaches based on the principles of operant conditioning, that can be used to eliminate these problems. Operant conditioning is controlling and manipulating one's behavior through reinforcement and punishment to help one understand their behavior, and to try and correct it. Not only can some of these behaviors be frustrating, they can also be unhealthy, and finding an approach to break the habit is needed.
Many efforts to address emotional eating have emphasized the importance of effective mood regulations skills to enhance one’s ability to tolerate stress or negative mood without using food to cope (Telch, Agras, & Linehan, 2001). Only within the past 20 years has research focused on applying more traditional learning processes to the development and maintenance of emotional eating. The primary difference between these perspectives, as exemplified by the Davidson model, is the de-emphasis of cognitions and motivations for eating (e.g., to escape negative mood) in the learning models, such as the classical conditioning model.
I. Introduction of classical conditioning Classical conditioning also called as Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning. It is a kind of learning a new behavior through association that when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) and evokes a conditioned response (CR). It also is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus (Cherry, 2014). Classical conditioning has much strength such as can help to explain all aspects of human behavior and many of advertisers will use classical conditioning to advertise their produces, however it also have some weaknesses such as all classical conditioning responses must involve a reflex and classical conditioning is a completely physical process, learning is not important as reflected in scenario. This paper will talk about the strengths and the weaknesses of classical conditioning theory followed by a brief description of the scenario and the strengths and weaknesses of applying classical conditioning on it.
Weight loss is a challenging task for most people because of the amount of commitment that it requires. However, through the principles of operant conditioning, behavior can be modified to get a person started on their goal. In this particular situation, I will be helping my roommate lose weight to increase his chances of making the football team. This will be done by making a month long program emphasizing positive reinforcement toward healthy behaviors and negative reinforcement for the unhealthy ones. The program will include dieting and exercise in a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement where his progress will be monitored.
With a fuller and clearer picture of the bodily systems, and how they respond to food, we see that overeating and obesity is not only about self-control; it has turned into a complex physiological problem. There is a cycle: a cue triggers a dopamine fueled urge. The dopamine then leads us to eat more food. Eating food leads to the release of opioid, and the production of dopamine and opioids both stimulate further eating. “Cues ensure that we will work hard to obtain the reward” (Kessler, 2009, p.54 ), but the desire for reward is causing overeating and obesity problems.
Then I set up a goal , the goal I set up is stop eating unhealthy food for one week ( 7 days in the week ). In four weeks I need to decrease this behavior. The reinforcement is I go and eat BBQ , because I love BBQ.