Process writing is not an easy option for students or teacher ( Harmer, 2004: 13). He explain more that process writing is quite apart from it taking up time, it takes up space (especially in a paper driven world) and can be problematic for the more disorganised student. According to Brown and Hood (1989: 10) there are 3 process of writing, they are preparing to write, drafting, and revising. Look at the picture below:
1) Preparing Most writing requires some preparation. For example how long we spend on this preparation, and what we do largely depends on our reader, what is our purpose, what is our contents and the writing situation. In preparing the ideas we can use some techniques such as brainstorming, asking yourself “WH” questions,
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This stage looks at some of the changes we might make and suggest ways to make your revising effective. The writing process depends on:
1) Who you are writing to or for (reader);
2) Why you are writing (purpose);
3) What you are writing about (content);
4) Where you are, how much time you have, how you feel etc. (situation). Then, according to Harmer (2004: 4) there are four process of writing, they are planning, drafting, editing and final version.
1) Planning Before we starting to write, the first step that we must to do is planning. It’s mean that the students prepare to do write and then they plan what they are going to convey and collect their thoughts and idea. They may not only imagine something according the theme but also make detailed notes.
2) Drafting The students write down their thoughts and ideas on the paer. They don’t worry about form or correctness that they write. The objectives is to get the ideas on paper as quicly as ossible but must to the toic.
3) Editing After the studentss have producesd a draft, they read it. Perhaps the order of the information is not clear and something that written is ambiguous or confusing. Reflecting and revising can help to make better
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Definition Fishbone method is a kind of method that uses cause and effect diagram. This method helps people to carry out one problem through analysis of the situation. It will show the causes of a particular effect and the relationships between cause and effect. Gupta (2007) said that fishbone method is a method that used cause‐and‐effect diagram. It can be used to identify the potential (or actual) cause for a performance problem. Fishbone diagrams provide a structure for a group’s discussion around the potential causes of the problem. It also used to illustrate and communicate the relationship among several potential or actual causes of a performance problem.
b. The advantages of Fishbone Method Gupta (2007) said that there are some advantages of using fishbone method. They are:
1) The fishbone method used fishbone diagrams permit a thoughtful analysis to avoids any possible root causes for a need.
2) The fishbone technique is easy to implement and creates an easy‐to‐understand visual representation of the causes, categories of causes, an the need.
3) By using a fishbone diagram, the students are able to focus on the group on the possible causes or factos influencing the problem or
When writing a paper the process can vary from a few hours to several days. English teachers have several different ways they teach their students how to write as well as the method to use. Knowing the perfect way to prepare to write for a paper takes several years to master. Once you know what method works best for you, writing becomes less stressful. Preparing for the rhetorical analysis paper, I used all the best methods to have a smooth transaction from the begging till the end.
allows the researchers to formulate their research question based on a gap in knowledge. The
The first essay given in this course was about our whole composing process. This essay was hard to write about and I remember having several grammar mistakes. Sitting down and writing my process on paper,
Similar to my “one and done” mentality, my lack of revision on my writing pieces is because of meer laziness. Revision is in fact very important because it offers you the chance to look at your writing pieces from a critical perspective. It allows you to analyze all of your points and change anything that needs to be changed for the better. In Shitty First Drafts, I like how Anne Lamott describes this process as dental work. She says, “check every tooth, to see if it 's loose or cramped or decayed, or even, God help us, healthy”. This sums up revision in an very alternative and pictorial way. Lamott and Shirley Rose would see eye to eye in the subject of revision because in All Writers Have More To Learn, Rose discusses what I conveyed to be a form of revising called Externalization. Rose states that Externalization allows the writer to see how clearly it reads, what it is conveying, and if it can be improved in any way. In conversation I feel Kathleen Yancey would introduce a similar yet interesting outlook on revising to Rose and Lamott because in Learning to Write Effectively Requires Different Kinds of Practice, Time and Effort, Yancey illustrates revision in the form of seeing if what you wrote was what you thought you were writing and the question of if it will fit with the perception of the audience. I thought that this was a pretty interesting outlook for Yancey to develop in the context of
... objective in nature, thus producing accurate data. Nevertheless, Allington and McGill-Frazon established that “reduction of a complex phenomenon to a few quantifiable variables can lead to over simplification of the phenomenon” (p.445). In other words, for observations to be complete, a combination of qualitative and quantitative data is necessitated in order to explain the totality of the phenomenon. An advantage of pre-test and post-tests designs is that it can be conducted with a single group or a control group. In the projected research topic, a pre-test and post-test was used with a group to maximize the internal validity. Neverthess, in the projected research topic, the experimental design is used to illustrate a cause and effect between two variables. The disadvantage is that external elements pose a threat to accuracy (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010, p.230).
Lanier, S.H., Mott, J.M., Ready, D.J., Sutherland, R.J., & Williams, W. (2012). A Pilot Study of
PB5: Identify potential sources of bias in the investigation and any possible confounding variables. (2 marks) Individual differences may affect the findings. For example, the individual may not understand a particular word, and therefore will
Sroufe. L. A., Egeland, B. E., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the
Encouraging writing, Methuen & Co. Ltd, London, U.K. Ferneaux, C. Process writing, http://www.rdg.ac.uk/AcaDepts/cl/slals/process.htm (26.11.01) Writing Development, http://www.english.uiuc.edu/405/Witt/Writing_Project/writing_development.htm (26.11.01)
I am sitting in my bed, thinking about my process of writing as I am trying to go through it. It seems the more I think about it, the less I understand it. When I am writing, I don’t think. Which I know, sounds bad. But, I spend every single moment of every single day over thinking, over analyzing, and over assuming every aspect of my life. When I’m writing, I’m free from that for just a little bit. Until of course, my hands stop typing or the pencil (no pens- never pens) stops moving, then I’m right back on the carousel that is my brain. Heidi Estrem says, “...writers use writing to generate knowledge that they didn’t have before.” (Writing is a Knowledge-Making Activity 18). I believe my ability to write without an exact destination
Writing can be a very difficult process for those who do not know how to go about constructing
The process of writing papers can be very frustrating. You must first get your ideas together. Getting your ideas together can be one of the hardest parts of writing because you could possibly not know what di...
It is based on the concepts of paradigm, theoretical model and the phases and the techniques based on the qualitative or quantitative. [13] S.I. AND ROSE, A.A. (2005)
These causes can be remedied by the use of a model that has been explained in the paper and advises the students to adopt three simple approaches which are: Proper Planning, Stress Management and Right Perception.
As a result, students may write too quickly without revising or considering their words [21][23]. This can lead to errors and less thoughtful writing [24].