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Erik erikson's psychosocial theory essay
Erik erikson's psychosocial theory essay
Short essay on Erikson's Psychosocial
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The psychodynamic theory encompasses both Freud and Erikson. Freud believed the three components of personality were the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is responsible for all needs and urges, while the superego for ideals and moral. The ego moderates between the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. However, Erikson believed that personality progressed through a series of stages, with certain conflicts arising at each stage. Success in any stage depended upon successfully overcoming these conflicts. The advantage to psychodynamic is that it encompasses the individual, meaning that the theory looks at personality from childhood all the way into adulthood. The disadvantages of this theory are that it cannot be tested validly. Therefore, …show more content…
The five-factor model includes five broad domains or dimensions of personality that are used to describe human personality. The five factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. While these five traits should be sufficient on their own to describe all facets of a personality, there also should be no correlation between the main factors. The Five Factor Model is now perhaps the most widely use trait theory of personality and has achieved the closest thing to a consensus in personality research. The advantage of this theory is that there have been multiple research studies conducted on this theory. Results suggest that this theory is effective in describing and determining personality. However, this theory is very categorical and does not allow for much flexibility. It also looks at the person personality at that time and now how it developed. The humanist approach to personality has been developed by …show more content…
He argued that reinforcement does not simply work as a mechanism, but it is the provider of information of the next reinforcement to be given once the behavior is repeated. Bandura pointed out that for the individual to repeat an agreeable behavior, he must include his intellectual processes. In this sense, Bandura agreed that environment causes behavior, but behavior can also cause environment. This theory believes that personality does not exist and that our traits are merely cognitive strategies or things that we do for us to obtain the kind of reward we want. The advantage is that behavior or "personality" can be manipulated by differing reinforcement schedules. The disadvantage is that the theory does not believe in personality but rather that we just cognitive react to situations. It's almost like creating a cognitive dissonance between body and
A five-factor model is an approach that was created based off of factors that many personality researchers have found within their own studies. Costa and McCrae are very well known for the OCEAN model. OCEAN is an acronym for openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
The Big 5 theory is based around the five factor model. The five factors of the model and the theory are: Openness (or intellect), Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (or emotional stability). Openness is a person’s “level of creativity and curiosity.” Conscientiousness is a person’s “level of organization and work ethic.” Extraversion is the “level of sociability and enthusiasm.” Agreeableness is a person’s “level of friendliness and kindness.” And finally Neuroticism is a person’s “level of calmness and tranquility.” These 5 factors are tested by the Neo-Pi system and used to describe a personality. The Big 5 personality test is used all over the world and offered in many different languages. This is one of the most important and distinguishing factors of the theory. Because these factors can be applied all over the world it shows that personality is effected by the surrounding environment and heredity influences. The theory shows as a person ages these factors are effected. Agreeableness and Co...
McAdams presented his three levels of personality, compared to Costa and McCrae. They proposed the five factor theory of personality, where traits were distinguished. Both models are built to recognize some aspects of personality such as life goals, and values can change with age, traits do not, and both models recognize the importance of each of these aspects of personality. Additionally, the five factor theory shows consistency across a wide range of people of different ages and of different cultures.
Psychodynamic theory is a contemporary psychological approach to personality that focuses on the unconscious mind and childhood memories. According to psychologist Sigmund Freud, psychodynamic theory has three main components: the ID, Ego, and Superego. The ID is the instinctive part of personality. It
everyone isn’t as good as him at his job and he thinks that it is due
Today, many researchers and psychologists believe that they are five fundamental dimensions of personality – often referred to as “The Big Five” or “FFM”: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and openness. This theory – unlike Cattell’s theory, which was deemed to be too complex, and Eysenck’s, which was said to be incomplete – emerged to describe the basic traits that serve as the building blocks of personality (Cherry, n.d). Highly extraverted individuals are assertive and sociable, rather than quiet and reserved. Agreeable individuals are compliant and polite, rather than hostile and indecorous. Conscientious individuals are goal-oriented and orderly, rather than impulsive and disorganized. Neurotic individuals are prone to experiencing negative emotions, such as anxiety, depression, and irritation, rather than being emotionally stable. Lastly, highly open individuals have a wide-range rather than narrow range of interests, are sensitive rather than indifferent to art and beauty, and prefer peculiarity to social norms (Soto & Jackson, 2013). Evidence of this theory has been mounting over the past 50 years, beginning with the research of D. W. Fiske (1949) and later prolonged upon by other researchers including Norman (1967), Smith (1967), Goldberg (1981), and McCrae & Costa (1987) (Cherry, n.d).
The Big Five Model of Personality is a Model based on common language descriptors of personality. This model shows statistical data related to personalities traits that suggest five broad dimensions used to describe behaviors and personalities. Based on the behavior displayed by Mark, it is evident that he shows a more conscientiousness personality. People who are conscientiousness tend to be more efficient and productive, well-organized individuals, and hard working. Moreover, Mark is dependable and persistent in making ideas turn into
Early on in the article the authors say that the Five-Factor Model is a variation of the Big-Five model of personality. In the Five-Factor Model psychologists look at various structures of personality known as neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. These five can all account
“The Big Five Trait Theory” is based on the five broad dimensions of one’s personality which according to Jason Rentfrow (PH. D) was “uncovered” after “decades of research on personality.”
The psychotherapy approach that I would use as a psychotherapist is the humanistic client centered therapy. The reason I would apply this method as a psychotherapist is I admire the fact that the therapists works with the client on a positive level. The role of the therapists is to express empathy, remain respectful, exhibit an open and honest relationship and to accept the client unconditionally. The strengths of this approach is that the treatments are structured to help the clients gain insight of their self- worth and value as a human. This therapy also allows the client to recognize their own potential, wants, desires, and needs.
ID, ego and superego. He said you were born with ID which was in your
Clients exhibit behavior patterns without realizing it themselves. According to psychodynamic theory, behaviors exhibited by clients can be linked to childhood experiences. The client may not even know why they act or feel the way they do. A group leader can point out current behavior patterns to help the client realize why they are exhibiting certain behaviors. Psychodynamic theory “seeks to explain human behavior largely through under-standing unconscious processes, that is, forces that lie outside of an individual’s awareness”
The second major theory is called the trait or five-factor model. Often referred to as the "Big 5". The five personality traits described by the theory are extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and neuroticism. Beneath each proposed global factor, a number of correlated and more specific primary factors are claimed. One strength of the trait perspectives is their ability to categorize observable behaviors. In other words, observing the behaviors of an individual over time and in varying circumstances provides evidence for the personality traits categorized in trait theories. Another strength is that trait theories use
The Five-Factor Model of Personality is a system used in order to describe an individual’s personality traits. By requiring said individual to answer a series of questions, this test is able to decipher the traits that are most likely evident within their life. The Five-Factor Model of Personality test gives the test subject a series of situational options. Using the subject’s responses, psychologist match the answers to the personality in which best relates. A highly accurate description of ones’ personality can be easily configured by using the Five-Factor Model of Personality by testing either high or low in the following areas; openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Erik Erikson was influenced by Freud and his concept of the ego. Erikson observed the impact of external factors on personality from not just childhood, but throughout the entire lifetime. He developed eight stages, which are split into different age brackets. As an individual passes through these stages, they must successfully complete the crisis to move forward onto the next one.